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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>A registration and construction quality analysis framework for low quality hull block point cloud with extensive redundant structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608914</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research addresses the critical limitation of 3D laser scanning for hull block construction quality assessment in complex shipbuilding environments characterized by extensive redundant structures (e.g., scaffolding, pipelines). Existing methods, reliant on pre-scan removal or labor-intensive manual point cloud editing of obstructions, are impractical for industrial deployment. We propose a novel automated framework for rapid error analysis under such challenging conditions. The methodology integrates: (1) High-performance semantic segmentation of the CAD model using a Kernel Point Convolution (KPConv) and region growing fusion for precise joint surface identification and key feature (points, planes) extraction; (2) A correspondence-free, parallel Truncated Least Squares (TLS) enhanced Globally Optimal Iterative Closest Point (GOICP) method for robust point cloud segmentation and key point computation; (3) An optimization-based fine registration incorporating semantic data, key features, and geometric constraints to generate quality metrics. Key innovations include the KPConv-region growing fusion enabling accurate CAD block joint surface segmentation for feature localization, and the modified GOICP achieving optimal inlier ratios for registration without feature correspondences. Experimental validation demonstrates: near-perfect semantic segmentation accuracy for design models via KPConv-region growing fusion, significantly accelerated registration (8.87s vs. 786.25s baseline) while maintaining superior registration quality, and fully automated quantification of hull blocks’ positional and angular deviations. This work significantly enhances the industrial deployment potential of 3D scanning for real-time quality monitoring in shipyard environments by overcoming key data processing challenges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2025 14:08:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608914</guid>
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      <title>STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR SLOW SPEED DIESEL MERCHANT SHIP CONSTRUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/152248</link>
      <description><![CDATA[These Standard Specifications are intended to provide guidance to the Maritime Industry for the preparation of detail slow speed diesel ship specifications.  They are complete in all aspects of required contract work, and embody the following pertinent features:  Establish minimum and maximum levels of quality as a bench mark for Construction Differential Subsidy.  Readily identify current requirements of various regulatory bodies.  Include standard test to reflect the legal aspects of contract work such as: MarAd policies for subsidy, contract changes, extent of compliance with regulatory body requirements, and clauses regarding errors, omissions, and conflicts.  Reflect latest technological developments that include pertinent Research Development investigations and Value Engineering recommendations by MarAd and other agencies.  Indicate measures of standardization that may be included in the specifications of diverse ship designs to encourage mass production techniques for processes and systems.  Introduce the use of the SI (Systeme International d'Unites) metric system to the United States shipbuilding industry.  These guidance specifications are not intended to restrict design features, construction, materials, equipment, systems, etc., to those that are specifically delineated herein. Substitutions consistent with regulatory body requirements and basic standards of quality will be considered for eligibility for Construction Differential Subsidy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/152248</guid>
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      <title>METEOROLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON HULL ERECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/73838</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During the hull-erection period (between keel-laying and launching) in East German shipyards, about 30% of the workers have no protection from the weather.  Continuing their investigations on factors that influence final erection of the hull, the Authors, of the Mathias-Thesen shipyard at Wismar (on the Baltic), here examine the effects of climatic conditions on production quantity and quality. Methods adopted in other countries for providing partial or complete cover for the erection of the hull are outlined, and percentage increases in productivity thus obtained (as reported in the literature) are listed.  In some final comments on approaches to the solution of this weather problem, it is mentioned that increased efficiency in the final erection of the hull is primarily a matter for research by the industry, in association with the universites, and the transition of the results into production.  Order from: BSRA as No. 48,357.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jul 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/73838</guid>
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      <title>ANALYSIS OF TWO DIMENSIONAL THERMAL STRAINS AND METAL MOVEMENT DURING WELDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/11114</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The strain response of metal plates during welding is discussed and current state-of-the-art efforts to analyze the phenomena are reviewed.  Mechanical and physical temperature dependent properties; transient strain and temperature distribution data obtained from experiments on 6061 aluminum alloy in the T651 condition; and a data reduction computer program are presented.  The experiments were designed to look at the macroscopic effects of welding upon heat treatable age hardened alloys while at the same time approximating ship structural weldments.  The transient strain response was found to be predominantly longitudinal but transverse strains were significant in the region of the welding arc.  It was also found that residual strains correlated reasonably between similar experiments with a variation of the second stress deviator tensor invariant J sub 2 representing the "state of stress" rather than by individual strain components.  Several recommendations are made concerning continued experimental investigation aimed at further development of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/11114</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DIMENSION ACCURACY CONTROL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WELDED STEEL SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/18317</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For some time, the shipbuilding industry has been changing its production procedures into assembly type processes. Adequate systems for tolerancing and accuracy control are mandatory for such procedures.  The development of these systems has, however, been lagging to some extent due to the complexity of the problems involved--both in the actual measuring of dimensional errors and the theory for handling the type of deviations experienced.  Part I of this treatise examines the elements constituting a tolerancing system for the construction of ship hulls.  It is concluded that a good description of dimensional errors of plates as well as a theory for error propagation from such deviations, has been lacking.  Part II presents an exploratory data-analysis performed on measurements of edge straightness taken on steel plates cut by parallel oxygen cutters in two Norwegian shipyards.  Systematic and random errors of the same magnitude of order are revealed.  It is concluded that deviations from straightness in cuts should be modeled as continuous, stationary Gaussian stochastic processes.  In Part III semi-empirical models are developed for the probability of gaps between plates positioned for butt-welding and for the main statistics connected with propagating errors.  An underlying assumption is that systematic errors may be adjusted to an order of magnitude less than the random cut-deviations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jul 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/18317</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DIMENSIONAL CONTROL OF STEELWORK IN MERCHANT SHIPBUILDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/13807</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes investigations into the dimensional accuracy of steelwork.  Each process from lofting to berth assembly is examined, in order to highlight sources of error and to determine the accuracy attainable at each process stage.  Measurements of berth deflection are also described. The principal recommendations are that a system of tolerances, varying from plus or minus 1/32 to plus or minus 3/16 in., be used for the steelwork processes and that the control of quality be formalized by the introduction of routine checks and control charts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Feb 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/13807</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONTROL IN SHIPBUILDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Quality Control Dept consists of three sections--quality engineering, inspection and testing with a further breakdown into specialist function.  As much use as possible is made of the traditional or established inspection techniques, i.e., shipwrights checks, engineering shop inspections, gagers, etc, and, by involving trades in signing simple documents.  Illustrated is a flow chart of how the principle operates, the audit procedure being embodied throughout the program; in this way the Ministry assure themselves that they have a quality product--this, coupled with specified inspection assurance documents, gives the assurance aspect substance and effect.  The chart shows the main functions that occur from the placing of orders to completion of system, showing the quality control function and, in order to avoid complications, it is reduced to the simplest form. The feed back from ship operation should indicate that the effort should be sustained if those ships having the quality control technique implemented are more reliable and should also denote the redirection of effort to extend into the problem areas arising in service.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Nov 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ALUMABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/8782</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Confidence in aluminum's ability to perform is the result of proven Designability, Fabricability, Serviceability, Reliability, and Durability.  Understanding its properties and blending them with basic engineering principles is the initial design step.  New tempers, transition joints, and current fire insulation requirements are reviewed.  Examples of successful design are given.  Although there have been few developments in equipment and processes, fabrication has steadily progressed because of better understanding and confidence in handling it.  The "Advanced Ship" programs are expected to place higher demands on the fabricator by requiring lighter, more complex structures.  Pre-fabricated panel construction is offered as a possible solution. Experience has proven aluminum hulls to be serviceable, reliable, and durable.  The material's basic characteristics and designs and specifications that incorporate accepted details of assembly have helped to provide top performance. Aluminum's use need not be limited to high performance craft.  There are strong indications that it can be cost effective for less sophisticated craft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/8782</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE ASSEMBLY OF METAL SHIPS IN ADVANCE OF THE BUILDING SLIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/8334</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pre-assembling and assembling techniques as applied to the Soviet Shipbuilding industry are delineated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/8334</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHIP SYSTEMS FOR THE 70'S. A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING VIEWPOINT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/11752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Author explores the systems engineering techniques currently being applied in the analysis of ship operations, ship design, and ship construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Feb 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/11752</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPUTERS IN SHIPBUILDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2126</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contents:  Basic directions and methodology of using electronic computers in shipbuilding; using the electronic computer for engineering computations and for processing and storing structural information; using the EC for technical-economic computations and the solution of extremal problems in shipbuilding; using the computer for automating sketch work and engineering processes in shipbuilding; using the EC in perfecting methods of planning and control of ship design and construction processes; organization-technical problems and the effectiveness of service provided by electronic computer techniques to the shipbuilding industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 04 Feb 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2126</guid>
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