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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>A mechanistic approach to evaluate the potential of the debonding distress in asphalt pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1486480</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The debonding distress in asphalt pavement structures is a critical problem that affects the performance of asphalt concrete pavements. It occurs at the layer interface due to the poor bond quality between adjacent asphalt concrete layers and/or when stresses at the layer interface exceed the strengths of the material at the interface. The debonding of the adjacent layers, especially the top surface layer of an asphalt pavement, is a contributing factor to the premature cracking of pavements. Hence, the debonding distress can lead to a reduction in the life of the pavement. This paper presents an analytical and experimental framework to evaluate the potential for debonding at the layer interface of asphalt concrete pavements. Computational analysis was performed to determine the critical stress and strain states in layered asphalt pavements under moving vehicle loads using the Layered ViscoElastic pavement analysis for Critical Distresses (LVECD) computer program developed at North Carolina State University. This computational analysis enables a greater understanding of the critical stress that is involved in debonding and the ways that such stress is affected by pavement design parameters and environmental conditions. In addition, a prediction model was developed that can determine the shear bond strength at the interface of asphalt concrete layers with different tack coat materials at various temperatures, loading rates and normal confining stresses. The systematic and mechanistic framework developed in this study employs the maximum shear ratio concept as a shear failure criterion and provides a tool to evaluate the effects of various loading, environmental and pavement factors on the debonding potential of asphalt pavements. The overall advantages of the mechanistic framework and approach using the LVECD analysis tool will help lead to better understanding of the debonding mechanism, proper selection of the tack coats, and economic benefit in highway pavement maintenance and rehabilitation costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Oct 2017 17:27:54 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Effects of Moment-to-Shear Ratio on Combined Cyclic Load-Displacement Behavior of Shallow Foundations from Centrifuge Experiments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/900809</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Current design guidelines for shallow foundations supporting building and bridge structures discourage footing rocking or sliding during seismic loading. Recent research indicates that footing rocking has the potential to reduce ductility demands on structures by dissipating earthquake energy at the footing-soil interface. Concerns over cyclic and permanent displacements of the foundation during rocking and sliding along with the dependence of foundation capacity on uncertain soil properties hinder the use of footing rocking in practice. This paper presents the findings of a series of centrifuge experiments conducted on shear wall-footing structures supported by dry dense to medium dense sand foundations that are subjected to lateral cyclic loading. Two key parameters, static vertical factor of safety (FS and subscript V), and the applied normalized moment-to-shear ratio (M/(H·L)) at the footing-soil interface, along with other parameters, were varied systematically and the effects of these parameters on footing-soil system behavior are presented. As expected, the ratio of moment to the horizontal load affects the relative magnitude of rotational and sliding displacement of the footing. Results also show that, for a particular FS and subscript V, footings with a large moment to shear ratio dissipate considerably more energy through rocking and suffer less permanent settlement than footings with a low moment to shear ratio. The ratio of actual footing area (A) to the area required to support the vertical and shear loads (A and subscript c), called the critical contact area ratio (A/A and subscript c), is used to correlate results from tests with different moment to shear ratio. It is found that footings with similar A/A and subscript c display similar relationships between cyclic moment-rotation and cumulative settlement, irrespective of the moment-to-shear ratio. It is suggested that shallow foundations with a sufficiently large A/A and subscript c suffer small permanent settlements and have a well defined moment capacity; hence they may be used as effective energy dissipation devices that limit loads transmitted to the superstructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2009 07:19:37 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Behavior and Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Short Columns Using Global Truss Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/787499</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors present the results of an experimental program on eight full-scale reinforced concrete short columns.  Tests were conducted on compression and cyclic reversed uniaxial shear displacements.  The value of shear ratio, the ratios of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, and the normalized axial force ratio were investigated with different layouts of reinforcement: longitudinal and a combination of longitudinal and bidiagonal.  While the bidiagonal reinforcement did improve the ductility of the specimens, unfortunately it did not reach the level required by current aseismic design.  The article also provides a model for designing short columns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2006 07:49:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/787499</guid>
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      <title>Behavior of Reinforced Concrete T-Beams Strengthened in Shear with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer - An Experimental Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/787795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of an extensive experimental investigation on reinforced concrete T-beams retrofitted in shear with externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) are presented.  The authors researched the CFRP ratio, the internal shear steel reinforcement ratio and the shear length to the beam's depth ratio.  By studying the aforementioned parameters, the behavior of reinforced concrete T-beams strengthened in shear with externally applied CFRP was analyzed.  It appears that the contribution of CFRP to shear resistance depends on if a strengthened beam is reinforced in shear with internal transverse steel reinforcement, and not on the CFRP stiffness provided.  It seems that the American Concrete Institute and the Canadian Standards Association guidelines fail to incorporate the presence of the transverse resistance and overestimates the shear resistance for high fiber reinforced polymer thickness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2006 07:49:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/787795</guid>
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