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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Measuring the Operational Efficiency of the Six Airlines in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2282879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Applying the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through building the CCR and BCC models with two inputs and two outputs. The authors analyze the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, technique efficiency change, pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and Malmquist productivity index of Chinese major airlines(including Air China, China Eastern, China Southern, Hainan Airlines, Shanghai Airlines and Shandong Airlines) from 2000 to 2004. The research found a lasting decreasing technical efficiency trend in these five years, the Malmquist productivity index fluctuate in the round of 1. Knowing from each year, there are two MPI > 1 and two MPI < 1 in industry; it shows the status that big in both ends and low in the middle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 13:45:47 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Competition and countervailing power: Evidence from the China Eastern and Shanghai Airlines merger</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1768453</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the motives and effects behind the horizontal merger between China Eastern and Shanghai Airlines in 2009. The authors develop testable hypotheses, incorporating into a unified framework the two merging airlines, their domestic and international competitors, and relevant airports along the supply chain. They employ an event study methodology and show that domestic competitors gain whereas international competitors lose. The results suggest that the sources of gain for the merging firms are market power in domestic markets and efficiency improvement in international markets. Further, as a hub for the merged airline, Shanghai Airport experienced positive abnormal returns. The results do not support the hypothesis that the merged airline gains countervailing power towards airports. This event study findings are robust to alternative estimation periods and samples, and are consistent with analyst forecasts and long-run operating performances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Mar 2021 11:14:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1768453</guid>
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      <title>Decomposing sources of gain from airline mergers: A model and case study from China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1758290</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a decomposition of sources of gain of airline mergers. Economic analysis of horizontal mergers often attributes the gains of the merger to market power and productive efficiency effects. The authors adopt a Williamson framework to propose a decomposition analysis quantifying the relative importance of these two effects for airline mergers. First, the authors use an event study to compute the market power and productive efficiency wealth effects in airline mergers. Second, the authors use the airline's operating statistics to compute the proportion of profit gain due to market power and productive efficiency. They then apply those proportions to decompose the sources of wealth effects from the event study. In a case study, the authors apply this methodology to analyze the horizontal merger between China Eastern and Shanghai Airlines in 2009. The authors' results find that improved productive efficiency contributed about four-fifths to the merged airline's increased wealth, while increased market power contributed about one-fifth.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2021 11:14:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1758290</guid>
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      <title>Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Enhancement of International Competitiveness of Chinese Airlines—China Eastern Airlines' Acquisition of Shanghai Airlines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1276721</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Through the comparative study of the international competitiveness of domestic and foreign airlines, the paper considers the international competitiveness of Chinese airlines is not strong enough. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A), however, could expand the scale and improve the operational efficiency of enterprises, and it is an important way to enhance the international competitiveness of airlines. Based upon profound analysis of the relationship between M&A and international competitiveness, this paper establishes an evaluation indicator system for international competitiveness of airlines, using factor analysis for evaluation. Furthermore, empirical research is made on the case of China Eastern Airlines' merger of Shanghai Airlines to testify to the effectiveness of the above-mentioned study. Through the study conclusions can be drawn that China Air Transport enterprises of mergers could obtain such effects of M&A as economies of scale and synergies and thus the international competitiveness of Chinese airlines could be enhanced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2014 14:23:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1276721</guid>
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      <title>Evaluating Competitiveness Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of Chinese Airlines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278041</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article reports on a case study of the Chinese aviation industry, focusing on competitiveness.  The authors propose fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to use for resolving the uncertainty and imprecision in the evaluation of airlines' competitiveness.  The authors first present a review of the relevant research on industrial international aviation competitiveness, then discuss a theoretical framework for the study of aviation competitiveness.  They establish an index system with five first-order indicators and 17 second-order indicators, set up a Chinese aviation competitiveness model based on simple fuzzy numbers from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and use their model to evaluate the competitiveness of five major Chinese airlines: Air China, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Hainan Airlines, and Shanghai Airlines. The authors propose and consider 7 aviation competitiveness factors:  cost, efficiency of asset operations, scale of production and operation, brand, service, main factors of production, and cultural factors. They conclude that this approach is effective and useful, particularly when subjective judgments on performance ratings and attribute weights are not accessible or reliable. However, additional refinements are necessary because data on the airlines can be difficult to collect and thus incomplete.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2014 14:30:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278041</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Attitude Adjustment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/849764</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this article the authors discuss the shift in business strategy for major air carriers whose bases of operations are found in China. This shift has gone from conservative in terms of forming organizational alliances to open to greater levels of cooperation. This move was at least in part allowed for by the country’s increasing compliance with international standards, thus allowing for better competitiveness in the market. One major shift in strategy that has yet to take place for airlines based in China is to switch from a point-to-point networking plan to the vastly more efficient hub network. The article explains that, by using hubs, carriers based in the U.S. maintain a 60 percent market share as well as larger profit margins. A number of business propositions including mergers and buy-outs as well as projections for the expansion of this group of carriers are described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 2008 09:08:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/849764</guid>
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      <title>Clear target</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Air China wants Shanghai Airlines, to develop a balanced business across the country.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 10:59:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845879</guid>
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      <title>Expansive mood</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/773331</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Under Zhou Chi, Shanghai Airlines has become China's fifth largest airline group. He is planning plenty more growth, including a low-cost arm, but this must not come at the expense of profitability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2006 15:24:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/773331</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MARGINALLY INDEPENDENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/335324</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SUBTITLE: SHANGHAI AIRLINES IS CONTINUING ITS 757 FLEET EXPANSION WITH EVER DECREASING FINANCE MARGINS]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/335324</guid>
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      <title>SHANGHAI AIRLINES PLANS TO LURE PASSENGERS FROM NATIONAL CARRIER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/232237</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/232237</guid>
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