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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>CROSSHOLE GEOPHYSICAL METHODS USED TO INVESTIGATE THE NEAR VICINITY OF HIGH LEVEL WASTE REPOSITORIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/265797</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An evaluation is given of remote-probing geophysical techniques likely to be used to investigate the near vicinity of geologic repsitories for nuclear waste.  The sensors to be used would be place inside the boreholes, shafts and tunnels of the repository to provide high resolution information of the rock near the repository. The geophysical methods evaluated are known as active methods because they make use of artificial seismic, electric or ellectromagnetic fields to probe the rock mass.  Techniques involving through transmission measurements are emphasized. These techniques show merit for remote detection of geological heterogeneities such as fracture zones which influence the containment capacity of repository sites.  The report discusses the results obtained with exploration methods used at a site near Oracle, Arizona.  (Author) Oracle, Arizona.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 20:55:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/265797</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A STUDY TO MONITOR MICROSEISMIC ACTIVITY TO DETECT SINKHOLES. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/273437</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of a research program undertaken at Capital City Airport, New Cumberland, Pennsylvania to evaluate the feasibility of using seismic and acoustic emission/microseismic (AE/MS) techniques as a means of locating sinkhole-prone areas and monitoring current sinkhole stability are discussed.  The report includes a review of the Capital City Airport sinkhole problem; a brief review of sinkhole phenomena and possible techniques for sinkhole detection and monitoring; a detailed description of the field studies carried out at the Capital City Airport site; a sinkhole monitoring philosophy based on the results of the airport studies; and an outline of additional studies required for the development of a prototype sinkhole-monitoring system.  The results indicate that a combination of seismic and AE/MS techniques provide a feasible method for sinkhole detection and stability monitoring.  Seismic techniques based on surface-wave attenuation provide a valid and convenient method for delineating sinkhole-prone areas.  Conventional, low-frequency AE/MS techniques have been found satisfactory for locating simulated sinkhole activity.  The location of AE/MS activity using zonal techniques was found to be very applicable to the problem of sinkhole location.  However, high, rather than low, frequency AE/MS techniques may be more suitable for monitoring at such sites due to the inherent background "noise."  Preliminary laboratory studies associated with the development of dual-transducer waveguide systems for detecting AE/MS activity under runway pavements and in infield areas were encouraging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/273437</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF SEISMIC AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION/MICROSEISMIC TECHNIQUES TO THE MONITORING OF HIGHWAY SUBSIDENCE. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/269059</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses the problem of highway subsidence and considers the possible application of seismic and acoustic emission/microseismic (AE/MS) techniques for monitoring such subsidence.  Reference is made to the results of a recent sinkhole monitoring study undertaken at Capital City Airport, New Cumberland, Pennsylvania.  These results are considered to be directly relevant to the problem of karst or mining-induced highway subsidence.  This report summarizes the findings of the airport study and discusses the unique aspects of highway subsidence monitoring.  A methodology to locate and monitor shallow cavities is contained within the report.  A more detailed report is published under the title, "A Study to Monitor Microseismic Activity to Detect Sinkholes," by Hardy, et al., 1986.  It is also available through NTIS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/269059</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USE OF SEISMO-ACOUSTIC METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/211993</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes the use of seismo-acoustic methods for soil investigation intended for the construction of large structures such as roads and tunnels. The beginning of the investigation consists in determining the structural and tectonic composition of rocks and their physical and mechanical properties. The investigation of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks by means of seismoacoustic methods is based on the theoretical and experimental dependencies between the physical and mechanical rock properties and elastic wave parameters. The observed dependencies are presented in order to determine the deformability, strength, fragility, heterogeneity and anisotropy of rocks. The geophysical investigation performed by means of the seismic and refraction method and the geoelectric trial boring method are presented and illustrated with the example of a road tunnel. For the covering abstract see TRIS 392632.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/211993</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SUMMARY OF FIELD RESEARCH EXPERIMENT AT THE FOREST GLEN (MARYLAND) TEST SITE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/183471</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Highway Administration sponsored an evaluation of in-situ site investigation techniques in the Forest Glen (Maryland) Field Research Experiment.  Fourteen different organizations participated in the experiment using three general approaches--1) Acoustic and seismic techniques, 2) electromagnetic survey techniques, and 3) mechanical techniques.  Nine of these organizations submitted written research reports.  Edited versions of all but one of the reports submitted are presented in the appendices to this document.  The missing submitted report contained data in the form of colored photographs which, unfortunately, could not satisfactorily be presented in a black and white document.  A conference documenting some of the results from this experiment was held in March 1978, in Alexandria, Virginia.  The proceedings of this conference are contained in a previously published report, FHWA-TS-79-221.  The results of acoustic and seismic tests by five different organizations indicated that two investigation techniques provided satisfactory results.  Results from three electromagnetic site investigation systems indicated that two of the devices used yielded promising results.  Finally, the mechanical devices used in this study, the pressuremeter and borehole jack, can be used effectively in the proper geologic setting.  (FHWA)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Jan 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/183471</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DEFORMABILITY OF LAYERED OR JOINTED ROCK MASSES: ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/186667</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tests using a borehole jack or a pressure plate on tunnel wall are unsuitable for layered or jointed rock masses. Such rock masses possess five deformability measures - Young's moduli measured parallel to indicated directions or an equivalent set - and the procedures mentioned, which were developed for measuring just two parameters, are not adaptable.  Jack tests on in situ blocks that have been partly isolated by saw-cuts are more suitable, perhaps in conjunction with seismic methods.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Jan 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/186667</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>P-WAVE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS IN A MACHINE-BORED, CHALK TUNNEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During tunnelling trials in the lower chalk at Chinnor, Oxfordshire, two techniques for assessing rock quality based on measurement of p-wave velocity were evaluated. Ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements at 54 khz were made over 0.2 M path lengths at the tunnel face and the conventional hammer seismograph method was used over 10 M path lengths along the tunnel sidewall.  The ultrasonic measurements were obtained by placing transducers on the flat surfaces of circular grooves cut by the tunnel boring machine picks and provided an excellent method for in-situ evaluation of local variations in the mechanical characteristics of the chalk. In order to obtain the relation between acoustic velocity and geotechnical properties of the chalk in this region of complex fissuring, it was necessary to compare average values of velocity and chalk properties for successive readings over a distance of 1.6 M which is equivalent to ten times the mean distance between fissures.  Linear relations were found for acoustic velocity versus both chalk strength and discontinuity spacing for the range of chalk variability that was encountered.  P-wave velocities from the hammer seismograph observations over 10 M path lengths showed considerably less scatter than the ultrasonic velocities because such a large number of discontinuities was included in each path length but a significant change in values from the range 1.08-1.27 km/s to the range 1.45-1.64 km/s occurred some 35-40 M from the tunnel portal.  This increase is directly associated with the change in ground surface level and consequent increase in overburden stress. Moreover, the velocity ceased to increase significantly at an overburden stress of 0.4 mn/sq M, a level that corresponds well with the stress at which a discontinuity became acoustically closed in laboratory tests.  The measurements emphasize the fact that, when the p-wave velocity is used as an indicator of rock quality near the ground surface, it is important to take the effect of overburden stress into account.(a) (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159429</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSESSING ROCK DISCONTINUITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/85590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article describes the use of a Schmidt hammer and grid on a tunnel face to determine the Schmidt reduction index. The index has been shown to be related to excavation rates, while increases in these rates have been attributed to the fractured state of the rock mass.  The authors consider that the relationships established for four fathom mudstone should apply to most sedimentary rocks, though the values of intercepts and gradients will vary from site to site. During the investigations, seismic methods were also used to evaluate the quality of a rock mass.  The use of small, ultrasonic instruments was found to be unsuitable due to attenuation characteristics of fractured rock. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/85590</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDIES OF PROPERTIES AND CONDITIONS OF ROCK MASSIFS BY SEISMIC ACOUSTIC METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/127698</link>
      <description><![CDATA[PROCEDURE AND RESULTS OBTAINED AFTER APPLICATION OF SEISMIC-ACOUSTIC METHODS TO STUDY JOINTING, ANISOTROPY AND HETEROGENEITY OF ROCK MASSIFS AS WELL AS THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF ROCKS ARE PRESENTED. A SPECIAL FEATURE OF THE PROCEDURE IS THE APPLICATION ON A LARGE SCALE OF THE MULTIFREQUENCY AND MODIFICATIONS OF THE SEISMIC ACOUSTICS (SEISMIC, ACOUSTIC AND ULTRA-SOUND METHODS), ENSURING MORE DETAILED AND THOROUGH STUDY OF THE MASSIF. THE APPLICATION OF SEISMIC-ACOUSTIC METHODS IS BACKGROUNDED ON THE THEORETICAL STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTAL WORKS OF THE KINEMATIC SPECIAL FEATURES ON PROPAGATION OF THE ELASTIC WAVES IN FRACTURED ANISOTROPIC AND HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA. QUALITATIVE PROPERTIES OF JOINTING, THE GRADE, CHARACTER AND NATURE OF ANISTROPY AS WELL AS HETEROGENEITY AND DIMENSIONS OF THE HETEROGENEITY ELEMENTS (BLOCKS) ARE DETERMINED. CONSIDERATION OF THESE FACTORS PERMITS A MORE OBJECTIVE DETERMINATION OF HTE PROPERTIES AND ALLOWS SURE APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Jun 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/127698</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ROCK MASSES DETERMINED BY SEISMOACOUSTIC METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/124118</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE CORRELATION METHOD OF DETERMINING STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ROCK BODIES IS SUGGESTED. THIS METHOD IS BASED ON CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ROCK AND VELOCITY OF LONGITUDINAL WAVE PROPAGATION AS WELL AS ON THE PECULIARITIES OF VARIATION OF ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITIES IN A SAMPLE AND INSITU. THESE CORRELATIONS CAN BE ESTABLISHED IN LABORATORIES, WHERE THE STRENGTH AND VELOCITY PARAMETERS ARE DETERMINED SIMULTANEOUSLY USING THE SAME SAMPLES. THE DATA OF SEISMOACOUSTIC INVESTIGATIONS SERVE THE BASIS FOR DETERMINING THE CHARACTER OF PROPAGATION OF LONGITUDINAL WAVE VELOCITIES IN ROCK MASSES UNDER STUDY AND FOR PLOTTING THE "SCALE CURVES" FOR MEAN VELOCITIES WHICH CHARACTERIZE THE DEGREE OF HETEROGENEITY OF ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF ROCK MASSES. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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