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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Predicting taxi demand hotspots using automated Internet Search Queries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1592187</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Disruptions due to special events are a well-known challenge in transport operations, since the transport system is typically designed for habitual demand. Part of the problem relates to the difficulty in collecting comprehensive and reliable information early enough to prepare mitigation measures.A tool that automatically scans the internet for events and predicts their impact would strongly support transport management in many cities in the world. This study addresses the challenges related to retrieving and analyzing web documents about real world events, and using them for demand explanation (if related to a past event) and prediction (if a future one).Transport demand is predicted with a supervised topic modeling algorithm by utilizing information about social events retrieved using various strategies, which made use of search aggregation, natural language processing, and query expansion. It was found that a two-step process produced the highest accuracy for transport demand prediction, where different (but related) queries are used to retrieve an initial set of documents, and then, based on these documents, a final query is constructed that obtains the set of predictive documents. These are then used to model the most discriminating topics related to the transport demand. A framework was proposed that sequentially handles all stages of data gathering, enrichment, and prediction with the intention of generating automated search queries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1592187</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Shopping sites ratchet up battle against bots</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1319361</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Aug 2014 12:22:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1319361</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Efficient Nearest Neighbor Searches in N-ABLE™</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1102931</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The nearest neighbor search is a significant problem in transportation modeling and simulation. This paper describes how the nearest neighbor search is implemented efficiently with respect to running time in the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center (NISAC) Agent-Based Laboratory for Economics. The paper shows two methods to optimize running time of the nearest neighbor search. The first optimization uses a different distance metric that is more computationally efficient. The concept of a magnitude-comparable distance is described, and the paper gives a specific magnitude-comparable distance that is more computationally efficient than the actual distance function. The paper also shows how the given magnitude-comparable distance can be used to speed up the actual distance calculation. The second optimization reduces the number of points the search examines by using a spatial data structure. The paper concludes with testing of the different techniques discussed and the results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 May 2011 14:43:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1102931</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Composite Nearest Neighbor Nonparametric Regression to Improve Traffic Prediction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/836738</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ability to predict traffic conditions accurately is of paramount importance in effective management of a highway network. A more accurate prediction will allow for better allocation of resources, which may reduce experienced travel times. This paper introduces a composite approach to the already popular nonparametric regression used in predicting traffic conditions. The composite approach performs a nearest neighbor search for each loop detector station using only data that are in proximity to the detector’s position on the roadway. This method accommodates every detector station individually to minimize the forecast error on the entire roadway. A case study using data from the Next Generation Simulation program recorded on US Highway 101 demonstrates that the composite approach significantly mitigates forecast error and performs the forecast in a reasonable amount of computational time. The case study also shows the ability of the composite approach to predict the onset and propagation of traffic shock waves.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Oct 2007 16:26:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/836738</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEETING REAL-TIME TRAFFIC FLOW FORECASTING REQUIREMENTS WITH IMPRECISE COMPUTATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/644314</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the ability of imprecise computations to address real-time computational requirements in infrastructure control and management systems. The research in this area focuses on development of nonparametric regression as a means to forecast traffic flow rates for transportation management systems. Nonparametric regression is a forecasting technique based on nearest neighbor searching, in which forecasts are derived from past observations that are similar to current conditions. A key concern regarding nonparametric regression is the significant time required to search for nearest neighbors in large databases. Results presented herein indicate that approximate nearest neighbors, which are imprecise computations as applied to nonparametric regression, may be used to adequately speed the execution time of nonparametric regression, with acceptable degradations in forecast accuracy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/644314</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COAST GUARD SURFACE VESSEL RADAR DETECTION PERFORMANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/177402</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Surface Vessel Radar (SVR) detection data have been collected in conjunction with two visual detection experiments in 1980 and 1981 and a dedicated electronic detection experiment in 1981 conducted by the U.S.C.D. R/D Center. These are part of a series of experiments designed to improve search planning guidance contained in the National Search and Rescue Manual. Eighty-two-foot Coast Guard cutters equipped with the Raytheon AN/SPS-64(V) radar and 41-foot utility boats and 95-foot cutter equipped with the Raytheon AN/SPS-66 radar conducted detection and tracking runs with 4- and 7-man life rafts and 14- to 18-foot fiberglass boats. Targets were equipped with varying amounts of reflective material. The AN/SPS-64(V) was found to achieve significantly longer detection ranges than the AN/SPS-66 with all target types. Radar reflectors were found to improve target detection probability. Cumulative Detection Probability (CDP) versus range curves are presented for representative radar/target type combinations. The detection and tracking run data used to develop lateral range curves and sweep widths for SVR search. Radar cross sections are presented for small boats and life rafts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Sep 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/177402</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UTILIZATION OF AN/APS-94 SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR SYSTEMS IN SEARCH AND RESCUE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/177355</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since September 1978, side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) detection data have been gathered in conjunction with visual detection experiments conducted by the U.S.C.G. R&D Center. These are part of a series of experiments designed to improve search planning guidance contained in the National Search and Rescue Manual. HC-130 aircraft, equipped with either the Airborne Oil Surveillance system (AOSS) or SLAR/radar image processor (SLAR/RIP) configuration of the AN/APS-94C or D SLAR, conducted controlled searches for life rafts, small boats, and 41-to 95-foot Coast Guard vessels. Through the use of a microwave tracking system and SLAR data, the positions of searchers and targets were accurately reconstructed to facilitate the verification of detections on SLAR films or video tape. These data were used to evaluate the effects of environmental and controllable parameters on SLAR detection of the various target types. Of the 12 parameters investigated, target size/composition, search altitude, swell height, wind speed, and humidity/precipitation were found to have a significant influence on SLAR detection performance. Sweep widths for SLAR search and recommendations for SLAR utilization in SAR missions are included. In addition, recommendations for future SLAR evaluation are made. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/177355</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VISUAL ATTENTION OF PRIVATE PILOTS, THE PROPORTION OF TIME DEVOTED TO OUTSIDE THE COCKPIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42574</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The direction of the pilot's visual attention was recorded during three series of flights in a small aircraft. It was found that pilots using visual flight rules (VFR) spent approximately 50 percent of the time looking outside the cockpit, an airsearch time much higher than previously recorded for air-carrier cockpits. The remainder of the time, while occupied in the cockpit, the pilot might be likely to miss seeing an approaching aircraft. Hence, a test environment for pilot warning systems intended to aid visual detection of potential threats should employ a pilot workload that produces a realistic proportion of visual attention available for outside search. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42574</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FACTORS AFFECTING COAST GUARD SAR UNIT VISUAL DETECTION PERFORMANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/177235</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Center has conducted seven visual detection experiments designed to develop visual detection models which will be incorporated into the Coast Guard's computer-assisted search planning (CASP) system and the National Search and Rescue (SAR) Manual. These were controlled experiments involving 82/95/210-foot cutters, 41/44-foot boats, helicopters, and fixed-wing aircraft searching for 16- and 41-foot boat, life raft, and person-in-the-water (PIW) targets anchored at predetermined locations within the search area. Through a microwave tracking system, searcher and target positions could be accurately reconstructed to determine the lateral range of targets that were detected, as well as not detected. Thus, probability of detection versus lateral range curves could be developed and, by integrating these curves, sweep width could also be determined. A total of 4,916 detection opportunities was generated. A sophisticated binary multi-variate regression computer program was used to develop sweep width estimates for the environmental conditions experienced. Based upon the results of these experiments, changes in the search planning guidance of the SAR Manual and revisions to CASP are recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Jun 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/177235</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF NATIONAL SAR MANUAL. PROBABILITY OF DETECTION CURVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162868</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since September 1978 three controlled visual detection experiments providing 966 target detection opportunities in 322 searches have been conducted by the U.S.C.G. Research and Development Center. These experiments involved 82 and 95-foot cutters, 41 and 44-foot boats, helicopters, and fixed wing aircraft searching for 16-foot boat and life raft targets. This report compares the detection performance of these search and rescue units (SRUs) with the probability of detection (POD) curves of the National Search and Rescue Manual, and recommends revised predictions based upon these results. Experiment results indicate that actual SRU detection performance falls below that of the present SAR Manual POD curves (based upon the inverse cube law of detection) and above that of the uniform random search curve. Recommendations are also provided for methods to predict POD directly from probability of detection versus lateral range curves for use with the Computer-Assisted Search Planning (CASP) model. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162868</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF TWO AN/APS-94 SIDE-LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR SYSTEMS IN THE DETECTION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE TARGETS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/171664</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since September 1978, side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) detection data have been gathered in conjunction with four visual detection experiments conducted by the U.S.C.G. R&D Center. These are part of a series of experiments designed to improve search planning guidance contained in the National Search and Rescue Manual. HC-130 aircraft, equipped with either the Airborne Oil Surveillance System (AOSS) or SLAR/radar image processor (SLAR/RIP) configuration of the AN/APS-94C or D SLAR, conducted controlled searches for life rafts, small boats, and 41- to 95-foot Coast Guard vessels in Block Island Sound or open ocean. Through the use of a microwave tracking system and SLAR data, the positions of searchers and targets were accurately reconstructed to facilitate the verification of detections on SLAR films or video tape. These data were used to evaluate the effects of environmental and controllable parameters on SLAR detection of the various target types. Of the 12 parameters investigated, target size/composition, search altitude, swell height, wind speed, and humidity/precipitation were found to have a significant influence on SLAR detection performance. Upper-bound lateral range curves and sweep widths for SLAR search are included. Real-time performance tests for AN/APS-94D SLAR and system performance tests for new SLARs (AN/APS-131) are recommended. More environmental conditions (severe), target types, and gain/altitude combinations should be tested. Improved image processing capability and operator training are needed. Real-time, operational lateral range curves for SLAR should be developed as inputs to the computer-assisted search planning (CASP) system. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/171664</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF COAST GUIARD SURFACE VESSEL RADAR DETECTION PERFORMANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/171669</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Surface Vessel Radar (SVR) detection data have been collected in conjunction with two visual detection experiments conducted in 1980 and 1981 by the U.S.C.G. R&D Center. These are part of a series of experiments designed to improve search planning guidance contained in the National Search and Rescue Manual. 82-foot Coast Guard cutters equipped with the Raytheon AN/SPS-64(V) radar and 41-foot utility boats equipped with the Raytheon AN/SPS-66 radar conducted detection runs with 4- and 7-man life rafts and 15- to 18-foot fiberglass boats. Targets were equipped with varying amounts of reflective materials. The AN/SPS-64(V) was found to achieve significantly longer detection ranges than the AN/SPS-66 with all target types. Metal posts with or without radar reflectors improved target detection ranges. Cumulative Detection Probability (CDP) versus range curves are presented for representative radar/target type combinations. Results are based upon very limited data; additional data will be collected during the fall of 1981. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/171669</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF UNDERWATER SENSING FOR COAST GUARD APPLICATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/82420</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to survey and explore concepts of underwater and water-related sensing systems and determine the technology appropriate for present and anticipated Coast Guard activities. The procedure employed both a literature study and a survey letter to sensor manufacturers and users to obtain a broad base of representative sensor information. The information was cataloged in a computer file using a classification system which included sensor, environment, and object descriptor groups. Selected Coast Guard activities were considered in detail to determine their general sensor requirements. A computer-aided morphological method was used to analyze the required general sensor operating characteristics and concurrently examine the data base to determine the relevance of existing technology. General recommendations were developed for the application of existing technology and for the development of new technology where indicated. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/82420</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>HIGH-TECH TEXT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/487809</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Engineering education generally exists on two levels--learning from instructors, mentors, or professors and doing individual or team-oriented research.  The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is involved in two initiatives that can help engineers do both.  After nearly 5 years of development funded by ASCE, "Fluid Mechanics:  An Interactive Text" will arrive in university bookstores in time for the 1998 fall semester.  The CD-ROM text is the first of its kind and offers engineering students and professors a new way of learning and teaching engineering principles.  The Digital Libraries Initiative (DLI), which is funded by the federal government, involves developing and implementing a digital library of engineering and physics journals with search capabilities like none other before.  Since 1994, ASCE has been supplying its databases of journals to the national DLI program for coding and development of World Wide Web search capabilities.  Both initiatives will provide engineers with the latest information and learning tools for advancing the civil engineering profession.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/487809</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPACE SEARCHING BEHAVIOR AND RELATED SUBJECTS: INTRODUCTION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/562159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 May 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/562159</guid>
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