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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>THE ACCURACY OF ALTITUDE OBSERVATION AT SEA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/400490</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The errors that can arise during altitude observation at sea are analyzed. They can be caused by the tilting of the sextant, deviation of the image from the center of view in the telescope, or variation in eye height caused by vessel rocking. Suggestions are given for reducing these errors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/400490</guid>
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      <title>NIGHT OBSERVATION IN AUTOMATED ASTRONOMICAL NAVIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/401777</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two devices to be used with a marine sextant are presented. A night viewer replaces the usual telescope to allow observation of the horizon in darkness. In addition, a ten-bit encoder mounted on the index arm makes possible an automatic reading of altitude. In this way, the proposed Celestial Navigation Automated Global System can be included within an integrated navigation system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/401777</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PROPER PROCEDURES FOR USE AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE SURVEY SEXTANT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/77826</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Survey Sextant, a sextant designed for measuring angles between terrestrial objects, has a special prism which allows the operator to measure angles beyond the normal range of the sextant's arc. Step by step procedures, including necessary graphics, are presented to guide the reader through the process of determining the alignment and making the adjustments to this special purpose prism. An alternate sighting guide for the sextant is also offered. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 03 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/77826</guid>
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      <title>MEASUREMENTS OF THE SPEED OF SHIPS USING AN AUTOMATED SNELLIUS METHOD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53692</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new approach for accurate speed measuring of ships during manoeuvres is described.  It is based on accurate position fixes.  Because various standard procedures were not accurate enough it was necessary to develop a new method. Some results are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53692</guid>
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      <title>SEXTANT HAVING NIGHT VIEWING CAPABILITY AND DIGITAL READOUT AND PORTABLE COMPUTER SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/32056</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The patent relates to a portable Celestial Navigation system using a hand-held sextant  having night viewing capability and electrical digital readout of the altitude of celestial bodies, as by a shaft rotation encoder, coupled to a miniature, dedicated, special purpose portable computer.  The computer, comprising an accurate clock and ephemeral data, such as the Nautical Almanac data, is programmed to combine all the data to solve the celestial navigation problem and compute a line-of-position of ships position.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Apr 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/32056</guid>
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      <title>ADVANCES IN CELESTIAL NAVIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/26760</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the new day/night digital readout marine sextant, the concepts of the portable sextant- computer system, the development of the sight reduction computer program, and the remote-controlled low light level television camera-sextant system, which the navigator can operate within the ship to obtain celestial body sightings. /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 May 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/26760</guid>
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      <title>DAY/NIGHT REMOTE-CONTROLLED LLLTV CAMERA-SEXTANT SYSTEM FOR GENERAL AND CELESTIAL NAVIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/18398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Development of a remote controlled low light level TV (LLLTV) camera-television sextant navigation system which the operator within the ship can operate to obtain celestial body altitude sightings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/18398</guid>
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      <title>SIGHT REDUCTION USING THE PORTABLE SEXTANT COMPUTER SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/12393</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sight reduction procedures in marine navigation have been traditional for nearly a century and a half, just as the marine sextant, itself, has been essentially the same design for 250 years.  The reduction of each sextant sight to true azimuth and altitude intercept requires the use of standard forms, The Nautical Almanac, and several volumes of sight reduction tables.  The procedure is tedious and time consuming, and errors in data selection and arithmetic are common.  A low-cost, specialized, small portable computer that operates with the sextant can be developed to relieve the navigator of his calculation tedium and blunders and improve his navigation accuracy.  The design of such a small computer is feasible today.  The logic and a functional computer program have been developed that combines the necessary data and spherical trigonometric equations to reduce the altitude measurements of the stars to data ready for plotting by the navigator.  This paper will discuss the new digital readout day/night marine sextant which is part of the concept of the portable sextant-computer system, the development of the program for the computer, and its application to solve navigation problems.  Furthermore, use of the portable computer will be shown to be applicable to all fields of navigation, although the current development centers around marine navigation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/12393</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A DIGITAL READ-OUT DAY AND NIGHT MARINE SEXTANT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4851</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Naval Ordnance Laboratory has under development and feasibility study a new digital read-out marine sextant which can be operated in the day and during the night with light illumination as low as starlight.  The traditional marine sextant, which has been essentially the same design since the 18th Century, has been altered completely retaining only the index mirror and horizon principle. Using a lightweight, rugged rectangular frame the index mirror upon the frame is turned by an accurate gear train that controls mechanical counter which reads in degrees, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 degrees.  The optical or replacement night vision image intensification telescope is inserted coaxially into the frame.  Dual knobs on each side of the index mirror housing allows the sextant to be operated equally well by a right-handed or left-handed observer.  The new sextant will be easier to read, less prone to reading error, lighter in weight, better balanced than the traditional sextant, and it is expected to have an accuracy of 10 arc-seconds.  The digital read-out capability of the new sextant may eventually lead to remote read-out of altitude and time and automatic computation of ship's position.  A pilot model of the new sextant has been constructed for shore and sea evaluation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4851</guid>
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