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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Untersuchungen zum Ausbau des Brückenbelags auf Stahl- und Verbundbrücken</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2352859</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ziel dieses Forschungsprojektes ist es, das Ausmaß der Schäden zu identifizieren, die infolge der Beanspruchungen durch den Ausbau von Fahrbahnbelägen auf Brücken entstehen können. Ziel ist des Weiteren die Einschätzung des Einflusses der Fräsarbeiten auf die Schadensentwicklung an Stahlbrücken. Die Abschätzung soll in Form eines Abgleichs der verschiedenen Einflussparameter und in ihren Kombinationen graphisch und schriftlich dargestellt werden. Darüber hinaus soll eine Abgrenzung zum Einfluss der Temperatur (Gussasphalteinbau) vorgenommen werden. Es sollen Empfehlungen für einen möglichst verträglichen Ausbau von Fahrbahnbelägen auf Stahlbrücken formuliert werden. Bei den Empfehlungen ist relevant, dass die Funktionalität des Brückenbelages gewährleistet bleiben muss. Die Empfehlungen sollen so aufbereitet werden, dass sie sowohl in das internationale als auch in das nationale Regelwerk (Eurocodes beziehungsweise ZTV-ING/RI-ERH-ING) einfließen können. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH:  The aim of this research project is to identify the extent of the damage that can occur as a result of the stresses caused by the removal of surfacings on bridge decks. The aim is also to assess the influence of milling work on the development of damage to steel bridges. The assessment is to be presented graphically and in writing in the form of a comparison of the various influencing parameters and their combinations. In addition, the influence of temperature (laying of mastic asphalt) is to be differentiated. Recommendations are to be formulated for the most compatible removal of surfacings on steel bridges. It is relevant for the recommendations that the functionality of the bridge deck must remain guaranteed. The recommendations are to be prepared in such a way that they can be incorporated into both international and national regulations (Eurocodes respectively ZTV-ING/RI-ERH-ING).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Mar 2024 12:01:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2352859</guid>
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      <title>Effect of Initial Timing of Scarification and Overlay Treatment on Chloride Concentrations in Concrete Bridge Decks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1092633</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Scarification and overlay (SO) procedures are often performed on concrete bridge decks to minimize the corrosion of reinforcing steel caused by chloride ingress. The objectives of this research were to collect information from personnel of state departments of transportation (DOTs) about their SO procedures and to recommend the timing of initial SO procedures on concrete bridge decks to prevent the accumulation of corrosion-inducing levels of chlorides and to extend deck service life. A survey of state DOTs was conducted; numerical modeling of SO treatments was performed for decks both with and without stay-in-place metal forms (SIPMFs). Full-factorial numerical modeling was performed through a service life of 50 years to determine the recommended initial timing of SO treatment in each case. Research results showed that bridge decks without SIPMFs could endure longer delays in SO treatment timing than those with SIPMFs. The allowable delay in SO timing ranged from 2 years to 6 years for decks with SIPMFs, while the allowable delay ranged from 6 years to 18 years for decks without SIPMFs. In addition, results showed that the allowable delay also depended on the original cover depth (OCD). On average, for each additional 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of OCD, the period of additional allowable delay for decks with SIPMFs was 2 years; for decks without SIPMFs, however, the additional allowable delay was 5 years with each additional 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of OCD.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 May 2011 07:15:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1092633</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transport policy and regional change: decision-making processes concerning ice-breaking along the coast of Norrland 1940-1975</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this thesis is to understand the decision-making processes concerning ice-breaking along the coast of Norrland, with the specific aim to analyse the activities of regional interest groups in the Norrland region and government agents at different administrative levels at the key stages of the decision-making processes: initiation, drafting and decision-making. The thesis also explores how institutional factors at different administrative levels affected the agents that were involved at those stages of the decision-making processes. As navigation along the northern Swedish coast must negotiate winter conditions which causes ports to freeze over, the government ice-breaking service functions as an instrument to compensate the export firms in Norrland for these constrains. Year-round navigation in the north Swedish coastal waters was achieved through a series of decision-making processes that took place during the period from 1940 to 1975. These decision-making processes are important to study since ice-breaking was an integrated component of the expanding heavy basic industries in Norrland and thereby for the rapidly growing exports during the 1950s and 1960s. This period is the decisive point in the economic history of the Norrland region regarding how the natural resources should be exploited and how exports should be advanced. This study concludes that the decision-making processes were initiated by government agents at different administrative levels. Official investigatory commissions were set up at several occasions to deal with issues related to the government ice-breaker service by the ministries responsible for ice-breaker policy. It is also demonstrated that the decision-making processes concerning ice-breaker investments were initiated by the government boards that were responsible for the operation of the ice-breaker service. In this respect, the study concludes that the government activities during the initiation stages should not be confused as a sign of regional interest group passivity on these issues. The activities of the interest groups during the initiation stages were primarily intended to draw attention to the problems caused by winter to regional shipping, in order to put the issue on the political agenda. As the decision-making processes proceeded into the drafting stages, the participation from regional interest groups was much more significant as the government offered interest groups forums and procedures for structural consulting through various organisational arrangements. The regional interest groups that participated in those arrangements were industrial firms in the heavy basic industries sector. In those cases other regional interest groups participated, they would promote the interests of those firms. As a result, the final drafts from committees and government bodies included arguments that favoured an expansion of ice-breaking to promote the growth of the heavy basic industries in the Norrland region. The analysis of the decision-making stages suggests that a combination of institutional factors at different administrative levels contributed to the outcome of the decision-making processes. One result is that the general aims of macro policy such as trade policy, growth policy and regional development policy were favourable towards an expansion of the government ice-breaker service, which would benefit the export industries in the Norrland region. Another result is that the sectoral organization within the government maritime bodies contributed significantly to the outcome of the decision-making processes. Large-scale planning and operational experimentation was allowed to take place within the ice-breaker service, which convinced the government that ice-breaking and winter navigation was a feasible transport alternative (A). http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22980.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Mar 2011 11:23:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097474</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF THE STATE OF FISSURATION OF ROCKS ON THEIR BREAKING UP BY EXPLOSIVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081969</link>
      <description><![CDATA[RESULTS ARE GIVEN OF TESTS ON GLASS MODELS AND IN THE QUARRY. ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE INFLUENCE OF MICRO DELAY BLASTING PLANS ON BLASTING OUTPUT AS A FUNCTION OF THE FISSURATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROCK.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:56:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081969</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA RIPPABILITE DES ROCHES.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081399</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LA POSSIBILITE DE DEFONCAGE DU ROCHER EST UNE DES NOTIONS LES PLUS CONTROVERSEES SUR LA PRESQUE TOTALITE DES CHANTIERS DE TERRASSEMENTS DANS LE ROCHER. DANS LE PRESENT ARTICLE, ON DONNE UNE DEFINITION NOUVELLE  DE L'APTITUDE AU DEFONCAGE DU ROCHER EN TENANT COMPTE DE CONSIDERATIONS ECONOMIQUES.  LES FACTEURS D'INFLUENCE LES PLUS IMPORTANTS DE L'ENGIN ET DU SOL, DESQUELS DEPEND LA POSSIBILITE DE DEFONCAGE DU ROCHER SONT ANALYSES ET L'ON DECRIT LEUR DETERMINATION AU MOYEN D'ESSAIS SUR LE CHANTIER.(A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:36:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081399</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LA TECHNIQUE DU CAROTTAGE SISMIQUE EN GENIE CIVIL.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081258</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LES METHODES SISMIQUES COURAMMENT EMPLOYEES EN GENIE CIVIL NE PERMETTENT DE DETECTER ET DE CARACTERISER QUE DES VOLUMES IMPORTANTS DE TERRAINS, AVEC DES DISPOSITIFS QUI S'ETENDENT SUR PLUSIEURS DIZAINES DE METRES. LE CAROTTAGE SISMIQUE PERMET, AVEC UN APPAREILLAGE SPECIALEMENT ADAPTE AUX MESURES DANS LES SONDAGES DE GENIE CIVIL, DE CARACTERISER DES VOLUMES DE TERRAINS REDUITS. L'APPAREILLAGE DE MESURE COMPORTE UNE SONDE SISMIQUE PORTANT UN  SYSTEME EMETTEUR D'ONDE, UN OU PLUSIEURS CAPTEURS ET UN DISPOSITIF PERMETTANT L'APPLICATION DE LA TETE D'EMISSION ET DES TETES DE DETECTION SUR LA  PAROI D'UN FORAGE. UN OSCILLOSCOPE PERMET LA VISUALISATION DE SIGNAUX TRANSMIS PAR LES CAPTEURS. CETTE ETUDE PRESENTE UNE DESCRIPTION SUCCINTE DE DEUX CHAINES DE MESURE, AINSI QUE LES PRINCIPAUX RESULTATS DE LEURS UTILISATIONS. LES QUESTIONS ABORDEES CONCERNENT L'IDENTIFICATION DES ONDES LONGITUDINALES ET TRANSVERSALES, AINSI QUE LA DEDUCTION DES CALCULS DE MODULES D'ELASTICITE ET DE COEFFICIENT DE POISSON. LES RESULTATS DE MESURES DE VITESSES DES ONDES LONGITUDINALES DANS UN MASSIF CALCAIRE SONT COMPARES A D'AUTRES CARACTERISTIQUES MESUREES SUR LES MEMES TERRAINS: RADIOACTIVITE NATURELLE, VITESSES SUR ECHANTILLONS ET RESISTANCE A LA COMPRESSION SIMPLE. LES RESULTATS MONTRENT QUE CETTE TECHNIQUE PERMET DE DETERMINER DES CARACTERISTIQUES IN SITU, IMPOSSIBLES A OBTENIR PAR D'AUTRES METHODES.(A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 18:31:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1081258</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL TYPES ACCORDING TO THEIR ABILITY TO BE EXCAVATED</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078866</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES EXISTING SYSTEMS OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND PROPOSES  A SIMPLE NEW METHOD BASED ON THE EXCAVATION PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 17:26:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078866</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES DEVELOPMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION MACHINES EXHIBITED AT FAIRS IN 1971. THE DEVELOPMENTS RELATE TO THE SIZE, EASE OF OPERATION AND AUTOMATION OF THE MACHINES, AN EXAMPLE OF THE LATTER BEING LASER CONTROL. PARTICULAR REFERENCE IS MADE TO EQUIPMENT FOR SOIL STABILIZATION, MACHINES FOR RIGID AND FLEXIBLE ROAD CONSTRUCTION, COMPACTION EQUIPMENT, AND EQUIPMENT FOR BREAKING UP OLD, WORN SURFACINGS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 17:22:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078707</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPRESSED AIR EQUIPMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADS IN URBAN AREAS IN SWEDEN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078705</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A SURVEY IS MADE OF TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF MODERN COMPRESSED AIR EQUIPMENT FOR ROCK DRILLING, TUNNEL DRIVING, DRIVING UNDER ROAD EMBANKMENTS AND BREAKING UP OF OLD ROADS. THE EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN BUILT WITH A VIEW TO KEEPING NOISE TO A MINIMUM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 17:22:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078705</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONTRIBUTION TO STUDY OF THE APTITUDE OF ROCKS TO BE BROKEN UP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078050</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE APTITUDE OF ROCKS TO BE BROKEN UP IS ONE OF THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL NOTIONS. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A NEW DEFINITION OF THE APTITUDE OF ROCKS TO BE BROKEN UP, WHICH TAKES INTO ACCOUNT ECONOMIC FACTORS. THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BREAKING UP OF ROCKS (FACTORS RELATING TO THE EQUIPMENT AND THE ROCK) ARE STUDIED, AND METHODS OF DETERMINING THEM IN-SITU  ARE DESCRIBED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:41:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1078050</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LIMITS TO THE EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS BY BREAKING-UP AND BLASTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077968</link>
      <description><![CDATA[BREAKING-UP OPERATIONS ARE NOW AS COMMON AS DRILLING AND BLASTING PROCESSES. BREAKING-UP TECHNIQUES CAN BE USED WHEN EXCAVATED SURFACES PERMIT THE OPTIMUM USE OF RIPPERS, WHEN EXCAVATING HETEROGENEOUS DEPOSITS, WHEN DURING THE EXCAVATION ROADS, RAILWAY LINES, PIPES MUST BE BROKEN UP, WHEN THE PRODUCTION OF THE CRUSHING MACHINES CAN BE INCREASED BY A SUPPLY OF SMALL-SIZE MATERIALS, WHEN DIFFICULT GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS PRECLUDE DRILLING AND BLASTING OPERATIONS, WHEN THE DAILY OUTPUT JUSTIFIES THE USE OF RIPPERS, OR WHEN BLASTING CAUSES THE TERRAIN TO BECOME LOOSE IN THE VICINITY OF THE SITE. MINIMUM PRODUCTION IS 400 T/H AT THE PRESENT TIME. A WIDER USE OF THE TECHNIQUE IS LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEAVIER AND MORE POWERFUL MACHINES. THIS ARTICLE IS IN GERMAN.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:38:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077968</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ESSAIS DE REPARATION DES ORNIERES REALISES SUR LA N. 1 (PROVINCE DE MADRID) A L'AIDE D'UN EQUIPEMENT SPECIAL.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075782</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ON DECRIT LES CARACTERISTIQUES DE MACHINES UTILISEES POUR CORRIGER DES ORNIERES. CET EQUIPEMENT SE COMPOSE D'UNE MACHINE AUTOPROPULSEE QUI CHAUFFE LE REVETEMENT AUX INFRAROUGES (140 DEGRES C) AU MOYEN DE 60 BRULEURS ALIMENTES AU PROPANE ET RECOUVERTS D'UNE COUCHE D'AMIANTE POUR EVITER LE REFROIDISSEMENT. PUIS ELLE SCARIFIE AU MOYEN DE BARRES VERTICALES, COUPE (ENV. 55 MM) ET NIVELLE DEFINITIVEMENT, EN RAMASSANT L'ENROBE SOULEVE DANS UNE CHARGEUSE. ENFIN, ELLE PROCEDE AU COMPACTAGE PAR COMPRESSEUR TANDEM A VIBRATION. PARFOIS ON L'UTILISE POUR COUPER LES CRETES DES ORNIERES ET NIVELER, CE QUI EST UNE SOLUTION PROVISOIRE ET PARFOIS ELLE SOULEVE TOUTE LA COUCHE. SA VITESSE MOYENNE DE TRAVAIL EST D'ENVIRON 20 M/H ET LA LARGEUR DE COUPE DE 2 M. ON PRESENTE DES DONNEES CONCERNANT SON RENDEMENT DANS DIFFERENTS  TRAVAUX ET LES CARACTERISTIQUES DU TRONCON SUR LEQUEL ELLE A ETE TESTEE:  TRACE, COUCHES DU REVETEMENT, ORNIERES EXISTANTES, ET LES ESSAIS SUR DES  EPROUVETTES PRELEVEES AVANT LES REPARATIONS ET SUR DES ECHANTILLONS DE L'ENROBE BITUMINEUX ENLEVE PAR LA MACHINE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 15:08:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075782</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LES GRANDS TERRASSEMENTS ROCHEUX AU RIPPER.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075584</link>
      <description><![CDATA[L'AUTEUR COMMENCE CET ARTICLE EN FAISANT UNE BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DIFFERENTS TERRAINS ET ROCHES QUE L'ON PEUT TROUVER LORS DES TERRASSEMENTS ET EN  SIGNALANT LEURS CARACTERISTIQUES ET LA MANIERE DONT LE TEMPS ET LES AGENTS ATMOSPHERIQUES TENDENT A LES FRAGMENTER ET A LES RENDRE PLUS MEUBLES. ENSUITE, IL COMMENTE LA MANIERE DE REALISER LES TERRASSEMENTS EN ACCORD AVEC LA NATURE DU TERRAIN, DE FACON QUE LE RENDEMENT DES TRAVAUX SOIT LE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE. IL DONNE QUELQUES EXEMPLES DE TRAVAUX EXECUTES SUR DES ROUTES ET DES AUTOROUTES DEJA CONSTRUITES. FINALEMENT, IL FOURNIT DES RENSEIGNEMENTS SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES AVANTAGEUSES DE L'ENGIN TYPE RIPPER. DES DESSINS ET DES PHOTOGRAPHIES ILLUSTRENT L'ARTICLE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 15:04:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075584</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF DEMOLITION TECHNIQUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[TO ESTABLISH A THEORY CONCERNING THE DEMOLITION OF EXISTING PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES, - AS REGARDS THE SAFETY OF THE LABOUR FORCE, - AS REGARDS TECHNIQUES AND COSTS. THE EXPERIENCE IN THIS FIELD IS VERY LIMITED, AND IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DATA BE GATHERED. IN 1975, TWO FOLLOW-UP STUDIES OF DEMOLITION SITES WILL BE CONDUCTED: - THE CHAZEY BRIDGE, - ONE BEAM IN THE BLOIS REGION.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 15:01:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075419</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>QUANTIFICATION DES DISCONTINUITES DE LA ROCHE ET DU MASSIF ROCHEUX - METHODES ET APPLICATIONS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075368</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LA RUPTURE DES ROCHES DOIT S'ENVISAGER A DEUX ECHELLES DIFFERENTES. - L'ECHELLE DE L'OUTIL QUI ATTAQUE ET PENETRE LA ROCHE : C'EST CELLE DU PIC DU MINEUR, DE LA MOLETTE DE FORAGE, DU TAILLANT DU MARTEAU PERFORATEUR, DE LA  DENT DU RIPPER ; C'EST AUSSI L'ECHELLE DE L'ECHANTILLON. - L'ECHELLE DU MASSIF DANS LEQUEL ON REALISE L'OUVRAGE : GALERIE, CHAMBRE, PUITS OU TRANCHEE. LES DISCONTINUITES QUI AFFECTENT LA ROCHE A CES DEUX ECHELLES AYANT DES ROLES IMPORTANTS DANS LES PROCESSUS D'ABATTAGE ET D'EXCAVATION MECANIQUE, DEUX METHODES ONT ETE DEVELOPPEES. LA PREMIERE UTILISE L'INDICE DE QUALITE DES ROCHES, DEFINI A PARTIR DES MESURES DE CELERITE DES ONDES DANS LES  ECHANTILLONS. ELLE PERMET LA DETECTION, LA QUANTIFICATION ET LA DESCRIPTION DES DISCONTINUITES AFFECTANT LA ROCHE A L'ECHELLE DE L'ECHANTILLON (POROSITE, MICROFISSURATION). LA SECONDE CONVIENT A LA DESCRIPTION DU MASSIF ROCHEUX : UTILISANT LES POSSIBILITES DE LA MORPHOLOGIE MATHEMATIQUE ET DE L'ANALYSEUR DE TEXTURE, ELLE PERMET UNE CARACTERISATION QUANTITATIVE (EXTENSION, OUVERTURE...) DES DISCONTINUITES AFFECTANT LE MASSIF ET RECOUPES PAR L'OUVRAGE, A PARTIR DE DOCUMENTS GRAPHIQUES. LES EXEMPLES D'APPLICATION CONCERNENT L'EXCAVATION MECANISEE DES ROCHES.(A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 14:59:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1075368</guid>
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