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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Rail surface defect detection via sample generation and style transfer under extremely limited sample conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698887</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Surface defects are a major cause of railway failures and pose serious safety risks, making accurate defect detection essential. However, existing methods often exhibit limited performance due to the scarcity of defect samples and the complexity of operating environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a sample self-generation-based framework for rail surface defect detection in extremely data-scarce scenarios. A multi-mode defect generation model is introduced, enabling effective data augmentation and style transfer using only one or two real samples. By decoupling the generation process into a Feature Learning Network with a sub-discriminator architecture and a Sample Generation Network, the proposed method achieves high sample diversity and quality with low computational cost. The generated samples are used to train YOLO-based detectors. Experiments show that the proposed approach improves mAP@0.5 by over 8 percentage points on YOLOv9, outperforming models trained with twice the amount of real data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 09:10:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698887</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Laboratory Evaluation of the Rutting Performance of Different Lanes at the Pavement Testing Facility at Asphalt Binder Level</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698327</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates the rutting performance of asphalt binders used in the construction of the Pavement Testing Facility (11 lanes) at the Federal Highway Administration’s Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. The binders were either sourced directly from the asphalt plant tank during construction (“tank binders”) or extracted and recovered from asphalt mixtures sampled during construction (“recovered binders”). The researchers performed laboratory tests, including high-temperature performance grade (HTPG), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), and frequency sweep tests. Results from the overall binder ranking, based on analyzed outputs from all tests, showed the superior rutting performance of polymer-modified binders, followed by binders recovered from recycling agent (RA)-modified high-reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures, control mixtures, and the no-RAP mixture. The binder rankings based on nonrecoverable creep compliance at 3.2 kPa from the MSCR test and zero shear viscosity (ZSV) from the frequency sweep test correlated most closely with overall rankings, whereas HTPG and Shenoy parameters showed limitations in effectively classifying binders. Given the applied small strains within the linear viscoelastic region during the frequency sweep test, ZSV appeared to be the most promising viscoelastic-based parameter capable of providing robust evaluations of expected rutting resistance comparable to the MSCR test. The study further validated the effectiveness of RA modifications in accommodating elevated RAP contents while maintaining high-temperature performance comparable to control mixtures with lower RAP levels. In addition, recovered binders exhibited significantly higher expected rutting resistance than tank binders, a finding that can potentially be attributed to RAP incorporation and aging effects during production, hauling, and storage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 15:19:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698327</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Factors That Influence the Variability of Concrete Surface Resistivity of Field Cast Samples</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679070</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Before specifications can be developed for use of electrical resistivity in quality control programs, potential differences between field- and laboratory-made samples must be quantified. The present research was conducted to provide a better understanding of the effect of each of the factors studied in the variability observed between field-fabricated and laboratory-fabricated samples, to establish expected variations and formulate recommendations to reduce these offsets to expand resistivity testing to field-fabricated samples. The resistivity results showed that frequency used was significant for the least number of mixtures and should have only a minor effect. Temperature control was found to be significant for only a few mixtures (7% to 20%) and RCONᵀᴹ (13% to 27%). Time of demolding was found to be significant for more mixtures with surface resistivity than bulk resistivity. Limewater curing in a communal tank vs. in individual buckets was found significant in 40% of the mixtures in both surface and bulk resistivity at 28 days. Moisture state during testing was found to be a significant variable. Significant differences in resistivity measurements found between equipment used.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 08:45:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679070</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Suggested Test Procedure for Ultrasonic Disaggregation of Clay Forming Materials - Grain Size Distribution</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658092</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The procedure described is applicable to clay forming materials such as hardened clay soils, hard pan, shales, etc. It presents a method of preparing a sample of the material so that the grain size distribution can be determined under the most critical conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2026 08:53:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658092</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of FTIR for Quantitative Analysis of Lime: Training Manual</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582236</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) currently uses the titration method for the quantitative analysis of lime samples. The titration method is time consuming (hours if not an entire day is spent for each analysis) and it is not an accurate test due to chemical interferences and sample preparation variances. In addition, the titration method consumes chemicals that are costly and add to hazardous waste inventory. On the other hand, lime and its related materials absorb infrared rays and exhibit their fingerprint spectra that are free of spectral interferences. In this implementation project, application of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was investigated for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of lime from three forms including quick lime, hydrated lime and slurry lime. Calibration curves relating absorption relative intensities of lime-to-lime concentrations (for both quicklime and slurry lime samples) were generated that showed R² = 0.88 and will be utilized to quantify lime content of an unknown sample. Sample preparation method for different forms of lime is discussed and precautions to consider for interference avoidance are discussed. Results indicated that FTIR is a safe and straightforward method that requires minimal operator training and expertise. Finally, a testing protocol for lime quantification using FTIR was developed. This report is the training manual for this analysis method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2025 12:02:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582236</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of sample size and outlier values on estimation of fatigue test parameters for asphalt mixes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2595373</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The viscoelastic and heterogeneous nature of asphalt mixes, combined with fatigue effects, leads to experimental variability. As fatigue parameters are widely used in pavement design, robust statistical analysis is essential. This study investigated the influence of standard compliance, sample size (total number of specimens), outliers, and variable correlation on fatigue characterization. Four two-point bending fatigue curves, following NF EN 12697-24, were used to generate 426,216 curve combinations via numerical simulation. For each, the strain at 106 cycles (ɛ6), quality index (Δɛ6), slope (1/b), residual standard deviation (SN), and correlation coefficient (r) were estimated and statistically analyzed. Results revealed minimal differences between raw and compliance-filtered data, with mean absolute differences ≤0.48%. Sample size affected the results, especially quality-related parameters, with larger sizes improving precision. Box plot analysis detected high outliers in the experimental dataset, which may lead to an overestimation of fatigue performance. Their removal enhanced model fitting, and overall, the parameters followed the same correlation patterns observed in the simulations. Affecting key parameters, outlier removal led to maximum relative errors of 2.30% for ɛ6 and 8.07% for 1/b. These findings underscore the critical need for rigorous statistical treatment to improve the accuracy of asphalt mix characterization, thereby supporting more reliable pavement design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 16:46:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2595373</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of FTIR for Quantitative Analysis of Lime</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576326</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) currently uses the titration method for the quantitative analysis of lime samples. The titration method is time consuming (hours if not an entire day is spent for each analysis) and it is not an accurate test due to chemical interferences and sample preparation variances. In addition, the titration method consumes chemicals that are costly and add to hazardous waste inventory. On the other hand, lime and its related materials absorb infrared rays and exhibit their fingerprint spectra that are free of spectral interferences. In this implementation project, application of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was investigated for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of lime from three forms including quick lime, hydrated lime and slurry lime. Calibration curves relating absorption relative intensities of lime-to-lime concentrations (for both quicklime and slurry lime samples) were generated that showed R² = 0.88 and will be utilized to quantify lime content of an unknown sample. Sample preparation method for different forms of lime is discussed and precautions to consider for interference avoidance are discussed. Results indicated that FTIR is a safe and straightforward method that requires minimal operator training and expertise. Finally, a testing protocol for lime quantification using FTIR was developed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 11:14:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576326</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ship manoeuvring model identification using mutual information clustering with stepwise regression structural optimisation under small-sample constraints</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594618</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a novel modelling approach, Mutual Information Clustering with Stepwise Regression, to address parameter drift caused by multicollinearity among hydrodynamic terms, which often occurs in model identification methods of ship manoeuvring that primarily depend on long-term training data. The proposed method initially clusters highly correlated hydrodynamic terms using mutual information and subsequently employs stepwise regression to identify those terms that significantly influence the output response. Validation is conducted utilizing the sea trial data from the full-scale YUKUN vessel, and the prediction performance is compared with the Abkowitz model, the manoeuvring model group model, and a conventional mutual information-based feature selection algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively diminished hydrodynamic parameter drift, particularly when trained on small-sample datasets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2025 15:31:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594618</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Methodology for geochemical screening of the bedrock - a case study of an arsenic-rich basement at Arlanda-Rosersberg</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598587</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The potential environmental impact of acidifying or toxic elements in the bedrock has become a major concern for handling aggregates within construction projects. A general lack of knowledge about the mineral chemistry of the bedrock, and its reactivity when exposed to water and air, challenge exploitation of the bedrock and effective recycling of rock masses in the circular economy. As a first step to reduce this lack of knowledge this study has investigated where, and in what minerals, elements hazardous to health and the environment occur in an arsenic rich bedrock in the Arlanda-Rosersberg area, north of Stockholm with the aim to find a time- and cost-efficient methodology for identification of potentially contaminating rock materials in construction projects to be applied early in the planning process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2025 10:18:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598587</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Long-Term Performance of Alkali–Silica Reactive Aggregates in a 63-Year-Old Bridge in Alaska</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577178</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The microstructure analysis of cores from a decommissioned 63-year-old bridge in Alaska provided an opportunity to study alkali–silica reaction (ASR) products found in the field under low rates of reaction. As part of the microstructural analysis, aspects of the ASR gel, such as the morphology and chemical composition, were correlated with the location and mineralogy of the aggregate particle in which the gel formed. The resulting information was compared with previously published data on ASR products in field samples. The results showed that mineral phases adjacent to the crack, other than alkali–silica reactive ones, often influenced the chemical composition of infilling gels. The ASR gels formed inside quartzite particles had higher Ca/Si and lower (Na+K)/Si values than their counterparts found in rhyolite particles. Lastly, the reactivities and alkali thresholds of the aggregates were evaluated using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) TP 144-23 (Turner–Fairbank Alkali–Silica Reactivity Susceptibility Test) and the AASHTO T 416-24 (Alkali Threshold Test), respectively. The long-term ASR performance of a similar concrete mixture to the one used in the construction of the bridge was predicted by inputting this information in a newly proposed ASR risk-assessment chart and found to be consistent with field observations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2025 15:29:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577178</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Beneficial Use of Sulfur in Sulfur-Asphalt Pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2552282</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of sulfur as a means of upgrading poorly graded mineral aggregates for use in asphaltic concrete mixes has been under study by Shell Canada under the trade name of Thermopave® for approximately fifteen years. Laboratory work has been extensive and numerous field trials have been completed in Canada. The Texas Transportation Institute under the co-sponsorship of The Sulphur Institute and the Bureau of Mines instituted a program to introduce this concept to the United States. Following a 4-year laboratory effort a 3,000 lineal foot (914 m), sand-asphalt-sulfur experimental test section was placed along a portion of U.S. 77 in Kenedy County, Texas. The 3,000-foot section was divided into six subsections of various thicknesses with two sections purposely underdesigned to show distress in two to three years. This was the first demonstration of the Shell concept on a Federal Highway in this country. Following this demonstration a 36-month post-construction evaluation program was undertaken involving a series of laboratory tests of cored samples, Dynaflect deflections, Mays rideability and on-site visual inspections. At the end of this 3-year period the sulfur subsections are performing as well as the control sections. In the case of rutting, the sulfur sections are actually performing better than the control. Recommendations have been made to continue this post-construction evaluation for an additional 36 months.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2025 16:38:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2552282</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recycling Asphaltic Pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2552296</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Work began on a complete rehabilitation project on Interstate 20 in Roscoe, Texas in July of 1977. 2.9 miles of the project was selected for recycling. Research report 527-1, "Recycling Asphaltic Concrete Pavement," (also published as FHWA-DP-39-11) presents the history of the selected section, construction procedures, mix plant operations, air quality control measures, energy comparisons, laboratory sample reports, and various test results. This report briefly describes the performance of the section after its completion in June of 1978 to present as determined by visual inspection and core samples.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2025 16:38:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2552296</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Characterizing the properties of asphalt concrete (AC) at different testing conditions and loading modes by different testing methods and samples (SCB, ENDB and DCT): A comparative review of fracture parameters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2537692</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Numerous researchers have employed different specimens, such as Semi-Circular Bend (SCB), Edge Notched Disc Bend (ENDB), and Disc Compact Tension (DCT) specimens for fracture toughness and fracture energy measurement of asphalt concrete (AC) materials. Such studies aim to investigate various measurement methods applied for different types of loading, fracture modes (basic modes I, II, III and combined modes I-II and I-III), and environmental and testing conditions (e.g., temperature or mixture type) to assess the cracking resistance of AC composites and pavements. This review compares various measurement devices, specimens and approaches regarding their specific applications, advantages, and disadvantages of the available fracture toughness testing methods and specimens. The influence of different affecting parameters, including temperature, aggregate type, bitumen type and percentage, additives such as fibers, porosity, air void amount, size and type of aggregate, freeze-thaw cycles, and compaction techniques on the fracture behavior of AC mixtures is reviewed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2025 09:46:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2537692</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Consideration on Application of Nondestructive Test to Estimate In-Situ Compressive Strength of Concrete: A Case Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2526245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To comprehensively explore the utility of non-destructive tests (NDT) results for structural diagnosis, this study collected NDT results and core compressive strength test results from aged bridges. Girders and slabs were obtained from seven such bridges, and after sectioning, rebound hardness test (RHT) or ultrasonic pulse velocity test (UPVT) were conducted alongside coring. The standard equations for estimation in South Korea were applied and a comparison between core strength and strength estimated using NDT results was conducted. In addition, the relationship between the static modulus and core specimen strength was determined to assess the soundness of the concrete cores, a factor that influences NDT signals. Based on the experimental results, this study deliberates on the practical applications of NDT results in structural diagnosis. A protocol for calculating the characteristic in-situ compressive strength using NDT results without coring was proposed and statistically validate this protocol via a probabilistic simulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Apr 2025 16:55:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2526245</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Laboratory-to-field correlation and validation of performance specifications for bituminous mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2503034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study emphasizes the significance of performance testing and specification in pavement design, for ensuring resilience and durability. The present study investigates the correlation and association between different compaction methods (in laboratory, plant, and field) and their influence on pavement performance, focusing on permanent strain (PS, in %) and cracking tolerance index (CTIndex) values. Field test sections were constructed on NH-330A (National Highway) of India to validate the Marshall mixtures initial threshold specification. Performance test results indicate that in the dynamic creep test, laboratory compacted samples show slight variations in PS (%) values as compared to plant-compacted samples. However, there was no significant difference in the variation (p-value < 0.05). However, field cores exhibited significantly (p-value > 0.05) higher PS (%) values compared to both laboratory and plant compacted samples. Further, in the IDEAL-CT test, the laboratory compacted samples have slightly lower CTIndex values. In contrast, the plant compacted samples generally have higher CTIndex values but still less than those of field cores. However, the t-test revealed no significant difference between laboratory, plant and field compacted specimens in the IDEAL-CT test since p-value < 0.05. The higher values of PS (%) and CTIndex observed in field cores can be attributed to different sample thickness and compaction methodologies. Despite the variations, the strong positive correlation (R² > 0.758) between laboratory samples and field cores for BC-1 and DBM-2 confirms that initial performance criteria are appropriate and justified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Mar 2025 09:24:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2503034</guid>
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