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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Concept for the Urban Space and Transport Infrastructure Development Taking into Account International Experience</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407883</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concepts for the urban space and transport infrastructure development play an extremely important role in the socio-economic life of the society. Transport systems, creating a global transport and communication framework of world cities, occupying vast territories in modern cities around the world, retain the problems not only in the ecological, economic, but also at the general social level, thus determining the quality and standard of living of the population, demonstrate a real need for open public space, in increasing the use of the technical and economic potential of transport lines by creating a longitudinal tunnel corridor (tunnel-type bridge) with a large number of various public buildings and structures built on the superstructure (theaters, universities, squares, gardens and parks). World practice and the analysis carried out show that in the conditions of megalopolises, within the framework of the territorial frameworks’ development concept and the space expansion, the most promising is the use of the technology for the construction of residential and commercial structures over the existing transport infrastructure. The research work presents a feasibility study for the use of load-bearing platforms over the existing transport routes in a dense urban development. A scientific and technical hypothesis is proposed and an economic justification of an innovative project is carried out on the example of the city of St. Petersburg.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2025 11:32:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407883</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Factors and Problems of Sustainable Development of Passenger Shipping Companies in the Inland Waterway Transport of St. Petersburg</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406958</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper deals with the concept, factors, problems and opportunities for sustainable development of shipping companies operating in the market of passenger transportation by inland waterways of St. Petersburg. The heterogeneity of shipping companies in terms of the state of the resource potential is revealed. Statistical data on the reasons for the low level of investment and innovation activity in this area of ​​business, as one of the key elements of sustainable development, is considered and analyzed. The systemic nature of the reasons hindering the increase in the efficiency of the carrier companies and the dependence of the implementation of their sustainable development strategy on government support is noted. The key problem in the field of sustainable development is the high level of physical and moral deterioration of the transport fleet. Among the main factors influencing the sustainable development of ship-owning companies, there are: gaps in legal support for the development of green technologies, underdeveloped infrastructure for electric ships; insufficient state support measures for green shipping, insufficient public attention to environmental protection issues, low level of financial and investment potential of passenger shipping companies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2025 11:31:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406958</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Method of the Fatigue Failure Control Point Determination of Structural Sections of Tunnel Escalators</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407853</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During the operation of tunnel escalators risks of passenger injury are large. To a great extent it is connected with the unduly technical state of the escalator itself. The technical state proceedings is often complicated by the control necessity of latent defects. Especially it is actual for the fatigue damage control of structural sections. Now scientists have a large data volume of this control by means of the coercive force meter in respect of metal structures of tunnel escalators installed in underground station of Saint Petersburg city. During the realization of the control procedure scientists have faced to the necessity of the foundation of control points of fatigue damages of metal structures of the escalator because the traditional approach based on the subjective experience can be not enough precise. Therefore it was suggested to determine such points on the basis of 3D modeling in the automated projecting system. In this work such modeling was realized that has allowed determining a new set of control points. Further control results of fatigue damages of metal structures of one of tunnel escalators at points installed on the basis of the traditional approach and by means of 3D modeling were compared between each other. It enabled to suppose that the suggested method can be effective. The mathematical processing of received data has allowed determining the volume of preliminary research for the adequacy evaluation of the 3D modeling for needs of this method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2025 10:32:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407853</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>River Transportation in the Sphere of Passenger Transportation: Problems and Modern Ways of Their Solutions (Case Study of St. Petersburg, Russia, and Foreign Countries)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406920</link>
      <description><![CDATA[River transport plays an important role in many cities around the world as part of the overall urban passenger transport system. It allows increasing communication between city districts, reduce traffic congestion and other types of public transport. With proper architectural and economic planning, competent operation and logistics, urban passenger water transport can be economically beneficial for city residents, as well as increase the attractiveness of the city for tourists. There are a number of problems in the field of river passenger transportation in St. Petersburg, Russia. This paper describes the key problems of river passenger transport in St. Petersburg and suggests ways to solve them, taking into account the experience of St. Petersburg and foreign countries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2025 09:51:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406920</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Development of Criteria for Assessing the Tourist Attractiveness of Yacht Ports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Yacht tourism is an important component of the development of coastal regions and is centrally promoted at the level of the European Union. However, in St. Petersburg, yacht tourism is very poorly developed. The authors consider some aspects that hinder the development of local and international yacht tourism. The paper describes some of the features of the sea passage to St. Petersburg. The places of yacht berths, shelters, passage options are briefly described, and criteria for assessing yacht ports are proposed. Ten main yacht ports located on the territory of the city were analyzed according to the formulated criteria. The main problems that hinder the development of international and local sailing on yachts are formulated. For example, there is insufficient information about underwater hazards, not all berths have full-fledged wave protection structures, most clubs do not have a designated guest place for mooring and further payment. According to the authors of this work, the development of yachting tourism will attract additional funds to St. Petersburg and increase tourist interest, including through the holding of events. In the future, it is planned to develop a system of expert assessments and substantiate the methodology for the formation of the final criterion for assessing the convenience of anchorage in the yacht port.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2025 16:18:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406918</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Feasibility of a Pylon Station Construction from Monolithic Reinforced Concrete in the Engineering and Geological Conditions of St. Petersburg</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406886</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, the structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete are increasingly developing in the field of underground construction. This became possible thanks to such modern tunneling technologies’ development as NATM and ADECO & RS, which have firmly established themselves abroad. Foreign experience of construction in soils similar in their physical and mechanical characteristics gives reason to assert the possibility of using new technologies in Russia. However, this task requires an integrated approach to its solution. This article provides an experimental and theoretical substantiation of the feasibility of a pylon station structure from monolithic reinforced concrete in the engineering and geological conditions of St. Petersburg, using the example of the planned station of the Petersburg metro “Chernigovskaya” of the “Krasnoselsko-Kalininskaya” line under construction from the station “Obvodny Canal - 2” to the station “Yugo-Zapadnaya”.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2025 09:29:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2406886</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Study of Experience in Blended Learning During the Pandemic: Comparative Analysis of Russian Universities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407815</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The goal of the article is studying of the preferable combinations of learning formats under pandemic risks based on experience of blended learning accumulated in the year 2020 and comparative analysis of universities in Murmansk region and St. Petersburg. The utmost need in adaptation of modern universities to different types of risks to ensure sustainable educational process defines the topicality of the conducted study. The methodological basis of the research is interviewing methods and techniques. The survey developed by the authors allows to discover respondents’ preferences and perceptions regarding the most convenient combinations of the learning formats under different level of risk. The survey consists of the three chapters excluding biographic data and 11 questions in total. The analysis of the interviewing results reveals the main factors of influencing of students’ perceptions towards the most convenient combination of learning formats. The policy pursued by the universities, as well as established practices aimed at building the skills for using interactive technologies in the learning process and the prevailing living conditions in the regions are among these factors. Thus, the study confirmed that students’ attitudes towards the preferred format depend on the given region. The authors distinguish the study limitations and main directions of the future research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 09:14:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407815</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of airport renovation projects: the case of Pulkovo Airport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2317297</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of airport renovation projects. The research examines the case of the renovation project of the Saint Petersburg's Pulkovo Airport in Russia, which started in 2010 within the concession agreement of the Northern Capital Gateway and the Government of Saint Petersburg until 2040, and raises the question of how this pandemic influenced the performance of Pulkovo airport renovation project. A Cost-benefit analysis and its sensitivity analysis were used to determine how restrictive measures against the spread of COVID-19 affected the profitability and social indicators generated by Pulkovo Airport. The social effect of infrastructure renewal was determined in accordance with the Efficient Time Allocation and Generalized Cost of Travel theories. The study reveals a decrease in the Net Present Value (NPV) of the renovation project due to changes in the trends of passenger traffic and the number of take-off and landing operations, a decrease in the growth rate of airport revenue and a partial reduction in operating costs. The expected Social NPV of the project decreased by 94.32 percent, and the benefit-cost ratio drastically reduced to 1.33, from a 4.06, had the pandemic not developed. The sensitivity analysis suggests a shift in the key variables that affect the performance of the analysed infrastructure project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2024 16:58:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2317297</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ventilation Shafts Freezing Protection Under the Influence of Negative Temperatures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the winter operation process of the subway ventilation shaft freezing of the lining may occur, which during the long-term operation leads to its increased wear or even destruction with the soil release into the shaft. This article is devoted to the development of the foam glass concrete thermal insulation jackets design and methods of their construction, which allow carrying out ventilation shaft lining insulation along with its strengthening. In the course of the research, design solutions were developed, the necessary material properties were determined, and mathematical and physical modeling of the structure was performed. The studies were carried out for the conditions of St. Petersburg, but the experience gained in the framework can be used in ventilation shafts freezing protection operated in more severe conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Nov 2023 09:32:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974034</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Delivery Service in Congested Urban Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975578</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nowadays logistical costs are significant in many developing countries, for instance, basing upon the last researches, in Russian Federation they make up 20 %. No doubts that heavy traffic congestions in modern urban areas impact directly on vehicle routing costs in road networks. Moreover, logistics companies are faced with lost profits since actually they serve less number of customers then they could planned, because of traffic congestions. Thus, contemporary approaches for planning delivery routes should necessarily take into account traffic information. Herewith, accuracy of such information is crucial since all systems for traffic congestions prediction are highly sensitive to input data. Wide spread of traffic counters, plate-scanning sensors, in-vehicle guide systems can certainly provide accurate data collection. However, emphasize that data collection only is fruitless without intellectual data processing. The present paper is devoted to development of optimization approach which incorporates modern data collection systems and contemporary mathematical tools to cope with comprehensive delivery planning under traffic congestions in road networks. Implementation of the approach to Saint Petersburg city demonstrates reduction of actual travel time of delivery vehicles in the congested road network by 8–16%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 2023 11:39:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975578</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Valuation of unpaid time savings on toll roads using transport model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2157852</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A well-known problem known worldwide is that demand on toll roads gets overestimated when traffic intensity is being predicted. This leads to inefficient operation of highways and loss of profit. Therefore, it is important to accurately predict flexible demand when designing a toll road. Flexibility of demand depends on VTTS and is usually determined by public polls. The purpose of this article is to develop a method for estimating the amount of unpaid travel time savings on toll roads. The value of travel time savings is calculated on basis of a sociological survey. The amount of travel time savings is estimated on basis of objective data acquired, i.e., information about actual motorists’ trips in St. Petersburg on both free and paid roads. The value of travel time savings allows to realistically tune the parameters of a transport model for agents planning their trips. As a result, the transport model allows to estimate the total amount of time saved daily with a toll road. The cost of the travel time savings for St. Petersburg drivers as well as the total amount of unpaid time savings on the toll road is calculated. It turned out that the price of the time saved by motorists on most routes did not correspond to the established road fares. The research results show the potential to set up toll road fares based on the actual cost of the saved travel time, which could optimize toll road revenue.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 May 2023 13:28:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2157852</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Formation of Loads on the Interstation Tunnels at Deep Grounding Subway Stations in the Geotechnical Conditions of St. Petersburg</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2119437</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the unresolved issues in the design of subway structures is the formation of loads on the interstation tunnels near subway stations on deep ground. There are three ways to determine the pattern of load changes from the full weight of the uppers soil above the station tunnel to the weight of the soil in the collapse vault above the interstation tunnel: mathematical modeling, full-scale field experiment or physical modeling. In the article, the authors analyze this problem and propose to solve it by physical modeling using the method of equivalent materials. The laboratory bench simulates the massif of the Upper Kotlin hard clays, the interface section of the station tunnel and the interstation tunnel, as well as the load from the overlying quaternary soils. In the next stages of the experiment, it is planned to simulate tunneling and take readings from the contact pressure sensors on the tunnel lining. The results of the research will allow the authors to proceed to a reasonable mathematical modeling of the law of distribution of loads, as well as perform adequate verification of the subsequent mathematical models.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Apr 2023 17:21:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2119437</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>System Modeling in Solving Mineral Complex Logistic Problems with the Anylogic Software Environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2119467</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is devoted to the study of the efficiency of solving logistic problems of mineral complexes by system modeling methods using the AnyLogic software environment. The oil terminal in St. Petersburg, which is a part of Russia's Multimodal Transportation System (MTS) in the North-West, was chosen as the study subject. A simulation model has been created in AnyLogic software that uses Agent-Based and Discrete Event Methods (ABM and DEM). A computational experiment was conducted based on the developed full-factor plan using a simulation model. The process of the terminal operation was optimized; as a result, to increase the absolute throughput capacity, it was proposed to increase the unloading speed, which will decrease the tankers' servicing time and thereby increase the throughput capacity practically twice. People have come up with ideas for how to put the technical solution into action. The main idea is to update the pipeline system and fittings so that they can pump oil products more quickly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 08 Apr 2023 16:09:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2119467</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Discrete event simulation model of the railway station</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1993344</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper considers the issue of simulation modeling of the railway station operation. For this, a discrete event simulation model of the movement of passengers and trains has been developed. The architecture and content of the model, its interface and graphic part are described. The main goal of this work is to develop algorithms that allow increasing the detail level of agents’ behavior in the model. To achieve this goal, algorithms for the arrival of trains and navigation of passenger flows in the station building have been developed. To test the proposed algorithms, a discrete event simulation model was developed. As a simulated object, the Baltiysky railway station (St. Petersburg) was chosen. Based on the scale scheme of the station, a simulation model has been developed to assess the adequacy of the proposed solutions. The following tools were used: AnyLogic software simulation environment, Java object-oriented programming language.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Aug 2022 09:33:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1993344</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Three variants of orderliness dynamics of regional and urban road safety systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1993274</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper discusses the issues of comparing the dynamics (2004...2020) of the most important characteristic of orderliness of road safety systems (RSS) – Relative system Entropy Hn RSS. The comparison was made for road safety systems of three Russian regions (Moscow, Leningrad and Tyumen regions) and their regional centers (Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tyumen). It has been established that, despite the positive dynamics of changes in the orderliness of RSS in all three cases, each of them has a certain specificity determined by the rate of changes in Hn RSS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Aug 2022 11:13:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1993274</guid>
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