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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Study to Support Assessment of the EU Road Safety Policy Framework 2021-2030 at the Mid-point</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This forms the executive summary accompanying the final Deliverable for the Study to support assessment of the EU road safety policy framework 2021-2030 in the mid-point.The study was awarded by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE) to the Consortium led by Ramboll Management Consulting, and further consisting of TML and Isinnova. The contract was signed on 02/09/2024 and ran for nine months until 02/06/2025. Its ultimate aim is to support the Commission with the provision of a study to be carried out by an external consultant which will be used to provide inputs to DG MOVE’s assessment of the current state of the EU and Member States’ road safety measures, developed in the respective policy frameworks and strategies for the decade, and to compare it with its targets, i.e., the reduction by 50% in road fatalities and serious road traffic injuries by 2030 and ‘vision zero’ by 2050. Supporting DG MOVE in assessing needs and formulating recommendations for the second half of the current decade (2025-2030) to achieve the road safety targets will be done through the following specific aims of the study, which are to: - Assess the current state of the EU and Member States’ road safety measures, focusing on measures put in place since 2021 and focusing on EU efforts - Compare measures with their targets - Analyse the performance of the road safety policy at European and national levels, focusing on measures put in place since 2021 and focusing on EU efforts - Complement the current monitoring exercise of the European Road Safety Observatory -Support DG MOVE in its assessment of policy measures of its policy framework (and those of Member States) for the remainder of the current decade - Identify issues for road safety policies requiring attention by the EU and its Member States - Make suggestions for improvements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2026 10:49:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672489</guid>
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      <title>How do regulations and safety perceptions affect the willingness to use e-scooters?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2645479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The growing popularity of electric scooters has been accompanied by discussions about the regulations needed to reduce the externalities associated with their use. This study analyzes the influence of regulations and perceptions of road unsafety on the willingness to use e-scooters. For this purpose, we developed a hybrid discrete choice model (HCM). The model links sociodemographic characteristics and regulations on operational attributes using data from a stated preference survey conducted in Bogotá, Colombia. The influence of regulations is mixed. Results suggest that road safety measures, such as mandatory helmet use and restricting e-scooters circulation to bike lanes and streets (banning them from pedestrian walkways), increase the willingness to use e-scooters. In contrast, parking restrictions, high fares, and the imposition of fines for violations negatively impact the intention to use e-scooters. Furthermore, perceptions of road unsafety negatively influenced the willingness to use e-scooters. A significant interaction was observed between perceptions of road unsafety and regulations, suggesting a greater acceptance of these policies among individuals who perceived e-scooters as unsafe.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2645479</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>National Commercial Driver’s License Program Assessment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673050</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main goal of this project was to identify opportunities to strengthen the National Commercial Driver's License (CDL) program and help the ability of State Driver Licensing Agencies (SDLAs) to maintain compliance with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) 49 CFR 383 and 384. The Research Team completed a comprehensive environmental scan to identify all CDL program support resources currently available to states from national associations, third parties, universities, and national and state government agencies. A master resource guide reference document that catalogued all resources available was created, and the CDL Resource Guide website was developed (https://www.cdlresourceguide.org/). A survey was conducted of state level CDL stakeholder groups including SDLAs, judiciaries, and law enforcement to identify which resources are most accessed and identified by end-users as meeting their needs. In addition, challenges and issues stakeholders face with CDL program implementation, management, and maintaining compliance with FMCSRs were identified. Working with the stakeholder groups, a comprehensive suite of program enhancements were developed that can be used to address the stakeholder issues identified. A pilot test was conducted of a subset of the program enhancements designed to address stakeholder-identified challenges and issues. Results were compiled in a final report and presented to stakeholder groups through presentations at national association meetings, webinars, and other stakeholder engagement activities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:54:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2673050</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Effects of Trucking Regulatory Relaxations on Freight Safety in Oregon</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610791</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study explores the effects of pandemic-related trucking relaxations on freight safety in Oregon. A historical review of trucking relaxations before and during the pandemic is conducted and compared. Using traffic volume levels and key pandemic dates, three time periods were chosen for analysis: (1) pre-pandemic, (2) a low VMT pandemic period with trucking relaxations in effect, and (3) a normal VMT pandemic period with trucking relaxations in effect. These periods were considered for a descriptive analysis in which a series of proportions tests were conducted to identify overrepresentations. Following the descriptive analysis, a series of freight safety behavior models were developed to describe three key safety performance measures: crash frequency, crash rate, and injury severity. In addition to disaggregate data models and transferability tests, pooled models were developed to determine the effects of the time periods on these safety measures. Results from the analysis are compared across time periods (relative to the pre-pandemic period) to determine if there were significant changes in the periods coinciding with trucking relaxations. This study concludes by providing a comprehensive conclusion and recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2025 16:53:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610791</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of occupational accidents on board fishing vessels – What scope of regulations to prevent accidents involving deck machinery?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2578410</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sea fishing is one of the most dangerous occupations and various studies show that deck machinery is often involved in the most serious accidents. In terms of health and safety, European and French regulations provide design requirements for these devices and for the layout of workstations on board fishing vessels. The aim of this article is to analyze accidents involving hauling and hoisting gear on board French fishing vessels between 2016 and 2023 and to examine the impact of the regulations that aim to prevent them. To this end, mixed methods research was carried out. It combines quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative analysis is based on a statistical approach (Chi2 calculations) of data contained in forms describing the circumstances of the accidents. To better understand the causal factors of these accidents, a qualitative method of three accidents was undertaken, using the causal tree method (CTM). The quantitative analysis shows that out of 5649 accidents, 262 were caused by hauling or hoisting gear. There is a highly significant relationship between the involvement of this element and the severity of the accident, the accidental process and the operation performed. The qualitative analysis highlights the role of organizational and especially technical factors related to the design of fishing vessels and gear. For both levels of analysis, results highlight the limited impact of regulations in terms of both enforcement and effectiveness. They also question the ability of regulations to be a resource for prevention and lead to proposals for different courses of action.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Aug 2025 15:29:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2578410</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Roadside Assistance Vehicle Lighting: Review of Scientific Research and State Regulations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539982</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tow trucks and other roadside service vehicles (RSVs) must operate safely in an extremely diverse range of roadway environments, from lightly travelled rural roads to congested urban freeways with severe traffic incidents. These operations occur in wide-ranging environmental conditions, from sunny afternoons with almost unlimited visibility to murky combinations of darkness, smoke, fog, and snow. RSV visibility in these diverse operating conditions is paramount and static and flashing emergency or hazard vehicle lighting are common countermeasures to enhance the conspicuity of vehicles stopped or working on the roadside. The objective of this report is to gain an understanding of the current state of knowledge and practice related to RSV warning lights and vehicle markings, the current project aimed to (a) review and synthesize available studies on different properties of RSV lighting and (b) review state regulations that currently guide the selection of warning lights for roadside service vehicles, for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The literature review sought to address two main questions: (1) Which lighting combinations, in terms of color, flash pattern, and luminous intensity, among other properties are most effective at promoting RSV conspicuity without compromising the visibility of roadside workers? (2) Which vehicle markings are most effective at promoting RSV conspicuity for passing motorists? The outcomes from the literature review and the regulatory scan are presented in this report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2025 08:48:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539982</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Road Safety Performance Review: Moldova</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2422596</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Road Safety Performance Review assesses the national road safety system in Moldova. The first section offers a snapshot of the country's characteristics. The second section examines road safety trends for the years 2015 to 2022, including road infrastructure, the country's road vehicle fleet, and road safety indicators. The third section describes five road safety system areas: road safety management, safer roads and network, safe vehicles, safe road user behavior, and post-crash care. The fourth section looks at safe urban mobility. The fifth, concluding section lays out a table of prioritized recommendations for improving Moldova's road safety in the context of its rapid rate of motorization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Nov 2024 09:48:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2422596</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Modern Locomotive Crashworthiness Performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2425445</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The goal of this project is to assess crew safety of existing locomotive crashworthiness requirements using existing modern freight locomotive crash data analyses and simulation techniques. This project will evaluate the impact of the crashworthiness standards defined in Subpart D of 49 CFR Part 229, and in the AAR S-580 Locomotive Crashworthiness Requirements, on the safety performance of the modern locomotive through a combination of statistical analysis, finite element modeling and simulation, as well as validation tests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 07 Sep 2024 16:34:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2425445</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Road Safety Performance Review: Uzbekistan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2399818</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Road Safety Performance Review assesses the national road safety system in Uzbekistan. The first section offers a snapshot of the country's characteristics. The second section examines road safety trends for the years 2015 to 2021, including road infrastructure, the country's road vehicle fleet, and road safety indicators. The third section describes five road safety system areas: road safety management, safer roads and network, safe vehicles, safe road user behavior, and post-crash care. The fourth section looks at safe urban mobility. The fifth, concluding section lays out a table of prioritized recommendations for improving Uzbekistan's road safety in the context of its rapid motorization and growing economic activity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2024 13:22:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2399818</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Changing World of Underwater Bridge Inspections</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2235428</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1968, following several highly publicized fatal collapses of bridges in various parts of the country, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) bridge inspection program was mandated as a part of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of that year. This mandate required that the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) be established to require states to identify bridge deficiencies in order to protect the traveling public. Over the next two decades, various modifications to the NBIS were made: the 1970 Federal-Aid Highway Act; the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978; and the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. This final federal act required states to have underwater inspections performed at a minimum of every five years if components of the bridge were in more than four feet of water. Just two years after the NBIS was established, the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 brought about reform in protecting the safety of workers on the job. This act was in response to decades of poor on the job worker safety and several major fatal incidents that happened in the late 1960s. From this act, the Department of Labor established the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to develop worker safety standards to protect employees in the work place. Over the next several years, OSHA developed directives as part of the OSHA standard to address numerous areas of job safety. In 1978, OSHA published the directive 29 CFR 1910 Subpart T, which addressed commercial diving operations and specific safety requirements that these operations were to follow. Since 1987, divers have been following the requirements of the NBIS and adhering to the OSHA safety standards when conducting underwater bridge inspections. However, over the last two years (starting in 2005), both the NBIS and OSHA directive addressing commercial diving operations were changed. Divers must follow these new regulations in order to legally and safely perform underwater inspections of substructures of the nation's bridges. Of course, the changes make improvements on the requirements to help insure that the traveling public remains safe; that the deterioration of bridges is identified and mitigated; and those conducting the inspections perform them safely.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jun 2024 09:31:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2235428</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reaching EU Road Safety Objectives: Time to Move up a Gear</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2352876</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 2022, 20 640 people were killed in road accidents in the EU, with pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists particularly at risk. The EU aims at halving road fatalities and serious injuries by 2030 and getting close to zero by 2050. The authors assessed whether the Commission had been effective at setting up the EU Safe System approach and supporting member states in the achievement of those objectives. They concluded that the Commission has set up a comprehensive approach. However, they identified shortcomings in the Commission’s actions. At the current rate of progress, and without additional efforts from the EU and member states, these ambitious objectives are unlikely to be reached. The authors made recommendations to increase the effectiveness of the Commission’s initiatives in the area. ECA special report pursuant to Article 287(4), second subparagraph, TFEU.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 08:38:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2352876</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safety of internal mechanical transport in the upper-tier establishments in Poland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319417</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this article is to present the safety rules in internal mechanical transport in plants operating under the Seveso Directive. Although the regulations of the Seveso Directive regulate many aspects of safety in the operation of these plants, not all important issues are sufficiently addressed in the directive. One such issue is the regulation of internal transport safety. The following article will discuss the current regulations, which are found in various legal acts and present some current standards for safety in internal transportation. The topic of internal regulations in plants will also be discussed. The case study will present solutions of this type in one of the largest plants in the Lubuskie Voivodeship - SWISS KRONO Ltd., which is classified in the category of the upper-tier establishment. The presented scope of analyzes is the basis for cooperation in the preparation of training materials for drivers and employees in the field of internal transport safety. The presented scope of documentation is the basis for the preparation of training and analyzes of the working day to increase the sense of safety at work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2024 16:55:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319417</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of the Current Requirements and Testing Procedures of UNECE Regulation 131: Advanced Emergency Braking of Three Heavy-Duty Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2315273</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report summarizes a research testing campaign on three Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDV) for the Advanced Emergency Braking system (AEB), in the framework of the Commission’s Market Surveillance activities on vehicle safety and the related pre-normative research activities. The aim was to identify shortcomings in current requirements, gain ADAS testing experience, and analyse the performance of different braking systems. The authors tested the vehicles according to Regulation no. 131 of the United Nations’ Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and performed additional tests with varying speeds and scenarios. They recorded vehicle kinematics, reviewed crash investigations, and used AI to gain insight on common knowledge. The first vehicle consistently stopped, the second vehicle avoided impacts up to regulatory speed, and the third vehicle just met the regulatory requirements. This suggests different system’s objectives and strategies. The authors' conclusions recommend future AEB Regulation modifications to focus the assessment on real driving conditions and real-world environments. The authors urge the inclusion of their tested scenario in approval and surveillance tests. Priority should be given to AEB systems that effectively stop vehicles in various situations, rather than relying on driver warnings and last minute interventions to mitigate impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 2024 14:17:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2315273</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploration and Analysis on the Supervision System of Autopilot Taxis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2292535</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To support the commercial application of autonomous driving technology in taxis, and to solve the issues such as whether, what, and how to obtain transport operation qualifications for application subjects that have not been clearly defined by China, to avoid some cities not allowing intelligent connected vehicles to operate on charges due to the “lack of upper level legal support”, and to promote the current related transport operation management regulations to adapt to the management needs of the commercial operation and development of intelligent connected vehicles, the following 4 principles for the governance of autonomous passenger transport are proposed: (1) adhere to the principle of inclusiveness and prudence, and create a space for platform development; (2) adhere to the principle of full chain supervision and implement comprehensive supervision; (3) innovate regulatory concept and method to improve collaborative regulatory efficiency; and (4) respect the extension of existing institutional design, and fully consider new regulatory trends and requirements. It is proposed in the key regulatory system that it is recommended to adopt an administrative licensing approach for the admission system. The operating subjects allow multiple subjects to jointly apply and relies more on the self-regulation of the operating subjects. To explore a sandbox regulatory model for vehicle technology management and to ensure vehicle operational safety based on test and demonstration application results, practitioners are required to have the ability to be familiar with and master the autonomous driving technology system in their professional abilities, and reference can be made to the service quality requirements for cruiser and ride hailing drivers. The pricing mechanism is managed according to market adjustment prices and maintains a reasonable and relatively stable markup standard. To increase the coverage of carrier liability insurance and encourage the exploration of new types of insurance for the insurance mechanism, it is suggested to propose a regulatory system for autonomous driving taxis, to research and develop management measures for autonomous driving passenger transport services at the industry level, to establish a regulatory platform for autonomous driving passenger transport services, to strengthen interdepartmental regulatory cooperation, to promote third-party organization construction, to exert the self-discipline role of associations, and to timely revise relevant regulations on road passenger transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2023 12:07:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2292535</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Empirical Study on the Development of Driving Environments for Personal Mobility Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2227547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Personal mobility vehicles (PMVs) are the potential future travel mode, typically for “first-mile and last-mile trips,” in urban areas. Accordingly, the popularity of PMVs is increasing, and the purpose of using PMVs is diversifying in South Korea. Before revision of the law concerning PMVs, the driving ways and roads for PMVs were not defined by regulations in South Korea. Therefore, most PMV users preferred to drive on sidewalks and bicycle lanes to avoid collisions with larger vehicles. Furthermore, PMVs have been involved in many accidents. To solve these problems, the government of South Korea revised the Road Traffic Act to permit PMVs to travel on bicycle lanes and considered building a new type of lane for PMVs based on the results of field experiments conducted in this study. In these experiments, the minimum turning radius with various speeds, driving performance on roads with vertical alignments, lateral placements in curved sections were examined. In addition, conflicts and inconvenience of PMVs driving on bicycle lanes were tested. In the experiments, three different types of PMVs—electric scooter (e-scooter), electric unicycle (e-unicycle), and segway—were used. Through the experiments, the feasibility of using PMVs on bicycle lanes was assessed, and the design criteria for PMV lanes were derived.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Aug 2023 10:14:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2227547</guid>
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