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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Approach to a Design of Experiments for Sound Quality Evaluations of Car Interior Adjusting Noises</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1818355</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A widely common principle of sound quality engineering is the development of objective measures determining human perception. Beside stationary sound parts, auditory events that are based on time-variant attributes have a traceable influence on human perception, particularly in the field of product sound quality. In this paper the significance and identification of the relevant sound quality parameters for power seat adjusters are investigated with a specific design of experiments (DoE). This methodology was used to advance the efficiency of subjective tests. The necessity of an efficient design is given through a relatively high number of variable parameters and, furthermore, through the demands of a qualitative experiment with limited effort for each subject in the listening tests. Instead of investigating randomly picked sounds this approach concentrates on a systematic scanning of the parameter space. With the results, this paper propose both to enhance the capabilities of subjective response tests and to ensure the essential high quality claims to subjective testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Feb 2022 16:16:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1818355</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanical and durability assessment of unconfined recycled concrete aggregates and natural aggregates used in road constructions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1880732</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the past few decades, recycling crushed concrete pieces and producing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) has emerged as an effective way for controlling and managing construction and demolition wastes. Among all construction applications of RCA, its consumption in road facilities has increased significantly over the last few years. In this paper, the feasibility of utilising RCAs as an unconfined aggregate in road structure courses was evaluated. For this purpose, six types of natural aggregates (NAs) and three types of RCAs were selected. Then, various physical, mechanical, and durability tests including water absorption, specific weight, proctor test, impact test, crushing test, Los Angles abrasion test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test, sulfate soundness test and different frost soundness tests such as CSA A23.2-24A and AASHTO T103 were conducted on the specimens. The results indicated that all RCAs were acceptable for general applications in road construction. Although the sulfate soundness test suggested that RCAs were durable, they failed in both frost soundness tests. CSA frost soundness tests had the best correlation with the physical and mechanical properties of the aggregates compared to the other durability tests. Also, the AASHTO test method with its defined time-temperature cycles was not satisfactorily applicable to RCAs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Oct 2021 19:44:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1880732</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Acoustic properties investigation of an innovative railway tank wagon at selected speeds</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1867951</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article is focused on verification of noise characteristics of a prototype tank wagon Zans 95 m3 during operation. In the first part, the problematics of noise created by railway vehicles is described. The testing requirements were defined for the test of the tank wagon. The proper measurement setup was selected for weighted equivalent acoustic pressure level observation. Based on the TSI requirements, the measurement stand was assembled on the testing track, repeated measurements were performed, and the results were compared to the limit value related to wagon category.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Aug 2021 11:16:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1867951</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Freeze and Thaw Test of Chouteau Limestone</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1693980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative freezing and thawing resistance properties of a particular Chouteau Limestone found in Missouri. Three coarse aggregates which have known laboratory freeze-thaw (of concrete beams) behavior were included as a relative basis of analysis. The aggregates were graded in the laboratory and placed in the concretes after specific periods of storage in water. Freeze and thaw tests consisted of an accelerated two cycles per day method and a slower one cycle per week method. In addition, various physical properties and other soundness tests were determined on all aggregate used in this investigation. The following conclusions were made. The Chouteau Limestone used in this study, when tested by the Sodium Sulfate Soundness Method, had high percent losses indicating questionable performance when used in concrete pavements. When vacuum saturated, the results indicate the Chouteau Limestone to be a marginal performance aggregate when tested by the fast freeze-thaw cycle test. When soaked for 2 or 24 hours, the Chouteau Limestone used in this study, when tested by either the slow or fast freeze-thaw cycle test, would require an undetermined length of time for critical saturation to cause failure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2020 16:20:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1693980</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soundness Inspection of the “Jyugou Bridge”, Japan's First Post-Tensioning PC Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376427</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Jyugou Bridge is Japan's first post-tensioning PC road bridge. This historic bridge marked its 60th birthday in 2013 and remains in service to this day. A detailed inspection of the Jyugou Bridge was carried out recently to evaluate its soundness. The inspection of prestressing steel, etc., was conducted on the Itoshiro Bridge, a bridge that was built four months after the Jyugou Bridge using the same material, and which collapsed due to flood damage. The inspection showed the concrete to be dense and of high strength, with no degradation progress. Further, the quality of the reinforcing bars and prestressing steel and the grout condition was verified, and it was established that sixty years after its construction, the Jyugou Bridge remains sound.十郷橋は，我が国初のポストテンション方式のPC道路橋で，2013年で建設から60年が経過し，現在も供用中の歴史的な橋梁である。今回，この十郷橋の詳細調査を行い，その健全性を評価した。なお，PC鋼材などの調査は，十郷橋の4カ月後に施工され，同じ材料が使用されている石徹白橋（水害により落橋）にて実施している。調査の結果，コンクリートは緻密で高い強度を有しており，劣化も進行していないことが分かった。さらに，鉄筋・PC鋼材の品質およびグラウトの充填性も確認でき，十郷橋は建設から60年が経過した現在においても健全な状態にあることが明らかになった。]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Dec 2015 08:08:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1376427</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Aggregate Durability Performance Test Procedures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1332702</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, eight aggregate sources were used to assess the ability of various aggregate soundness measures to quantify the performance of carbonate aggregate sources in Arkansas. In addition to aggregate soundness tests, laboratory mixture performance tests were employed to assess the performance of each aggregate when used as the primary aggregate component in asphalt and concrete paving mixtures. In terms of aggregate soundness, several test methods were used to assess the soundness properties of each aggregate source. These methods included: Sodium Sulfate Soundness (AASHTO T 104); Magnesium Sulfate Soundness (AASHTO T 104); Micro-Deval Abrasion (AASHTO T 327); Aggregate Freeze-Thaw (AASHTO T 103); Aggregate Freeze-Thaw (Deep Freeze Method); Coarse Aggregate Absorption Capacity (AASHTO T 85); and Absorption Capacity (Vacuum Saturation Method). Overall, the most advantageous parameter was percent loss by the magnesium sulfate soundness method, according to AASHTO T 104. Although this method was not identified as having the least overall variability, a very low percentage of pure error was associated with this method, unlike its sodium sulfate counterpart. It was identified as one of the most capable methods for ranking aggregate soundness performance (based on known historical performance) and it was also judged as very capable in distinguishing between varying levels of actual aggregate performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Dec 2014 12:16:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1332702</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Magnesium Sulphate Accelerated Soundness Test on Concrete Aggregates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1260492</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Although several accelerated tests of aggregates have been devised to simulate weathering, no true laboratory measure of soundness has yet been evolved. The use of magnesium sulphate solution is proposed as a substitute for the commonly used sodium sulphate. A direct relationship was found between a freezing and thawing test and the magnesium sulphate test. the absorptive power of sand was also found to bear a general relation to the results of the soundness test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Sep 2013 08:06:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1260492</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash: Executive Summary</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1218894</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research assessed the long-term performance (durability) and the environmental effect (corrosiveness to adjacent metal structures) of Indiana bottom ashes, based mainly on laboratory investigation. The 5-cycle sodium sulfate soundness tests and the 50-cycle freeze-thaw tests were conducted to examine the physical durability. Four electrochemical characteristics (electrical resistivity, pH, soluble chloride, and soluble sulfate) were used to estimate the corrosion potential of Indiana bottom ashes.  Evaluation criteria for durability and corrosiveness of bottom ash, based on appropriate specifications for aggregates and past experiences for soils, were developed. The comparison of test results and the above criteria shows that Indiana bottom ashes are durable but may be corrosive. The bottom ashes with a high corrosion potential should not be utilized in highway construction where metal structures are involved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 2012 17:54:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1218894</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Alkali Silica Reactivity Testing of Four Taconite Ledges for Potential Use as Aggregate in Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1134981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report includes the test results on aggregates from four taconite strata from the Mesabi iron range of Minnesota for concrete qualities including Los Angeles Rattler (LAR), absorption, flatness and elongation, magnesium sulfate, ASTM C 1260, and ASTM C 1293. The strata are identified as LC-8 Bed from United Taconite, LC-5 Bed from Ispat Inland/Mittal Steel (Laurentian Pit), LS-2 Bed from Ispat Inland/Mittal Steel (Laurentian Pit), and LUC Bed from United Taconite. A granite source, known to have moderately low expansion characteristics was also tested for comparison. All ledges tested well for Los Angeles Rattler and magnesium sulfate soundness. Ledges LUC, LC-8, and LS-2 had excellent results for ASTM C 1260 and ASTM C 1293 expansion, while the LC-5 ledge performed very poorly. The Coal Creek fly ash used in the ASTM C 1293 tests mitigated ASR expansions much better than the slag mixes. As with any natural aggregate source, the physical and chemical properties of the taconite ledges vary. Because of the high variation in expansion potential, each potential concrete strata should be tested within a mine using ASTM C 1293. A Quality Control plan should be developed for each source. Specific gravity may be used to screen out potential deleterious strata, and should be performed frequently, perhaps on each blast. ASTM C 1260 tests should also be used on a frequent basis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Mar 2012 16:06:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1134981</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Potential Approach to Evaluating Soundness of Concrete Containing MgO-Based Expansive Agent</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/919067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper will discuss how MgO-based expansive agent (MEA) has increasingly been used to compensate for the effects of thermal shrinkage of concrete in China. Long-term soundness of concrete containing MEA attracts much attention; however, the autoclave test, which is used to assess the soundness of cement caused by excessive intrinsic dead-burnt MgO, seems to be inapplicable to the reactive lightly burnt MEA due to its harsh and unreliable autoclaving condition. This study seeks a reasonable accelerated approach for ascertaining the relevant soundness of concrete made with this admixture. The effects of temperature on accelerating the hydration of MEA are investigated by curing cement pastes containing three types of MEA at 25, 40, 60, and 80°C (77, 104, 140, and 176°F) in water, respectively. Results of the expansion measurement of cement pastes and X-ray diffraction analysis on the hydration products of MEA indicate that the hydration of MEA is accelerated most effectively at 80°C (176°F), and it is fully reacted within a short period. This provides a new possible accelerated method. Soundness of concrete prisms containing MEA is investigated under the accelerated condition of 80°C (176°F) and the feasibility of this new approach is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jun 2010 12:05:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/919067</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Precision Estimates for AASHTO Test Method T 104, Determined Using AMRL Proficiency Sample Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/902048</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this study as Part 1 of 3 in Task 1 of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 9-26a study is to update and expand single-operator and multilaboratory precision estimates for the AASHTO T 104, “Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate” using the most recent sets of AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL) proficiency sulfate soundness data. This is to reflect the revisions that were made to the test method in 1991 and to include precision for testing fine aggregate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Oct 2009 16:32:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/902048</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Review of TxDOT WWARP Aggregate Classification System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/890484</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the findings from a research study that reviewed the Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT’s) Wet Weather Skid Accident Reduction Program’s (WWARP’s) aggregate classification system. It evaluated various lab test procedures that are used in the classification of aggregates as well as the field skid resistance performance of 27 different aggregate sources that belonged to synthetic, sandstone, igneous, gravel and carbonate categories. The findings showed that hard, durable aggregates characterized by >80% AIR or <8% MD losses, provided excellent to very good skid resistance regardless of the aggregate residual polish value. In general, all test methods evaluated showed better capability in separating excellent/very good quality aggregates than in identifying very poor/poor quality aggregates. In other words, the special limitation in these test methods was found to be in their ability to classify borderline aggregates into satisfactory and unsatisfactory categories. The WWARP aggregate classification system based on Residual PV, MSS loss and AIR proved to be effective in separating Excellent/Very Good (Class A) from Good/Fair (Class B) materials. However, this classification system failed to separate the few aggregate sources with poor field performance from those with good/fair performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2009 16:49:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/890484</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cement Soundness and the Autoclave Expansion Test - An Update of the Literature</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/875474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The autoclave expansion test (ASTM C 151) is used to provide an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO and MgO in hydraulic cements. Questions have arisen over the years regarding the effect of excess crystalline free MgO (periclase) on cement soundness and concrete durability under actual service conditions. It has been suggested that the autoclave expansion test is overly severe and will exclude cements that perform well in concrete under field service conditions with no reduction in long-term durability. Other experimental protocols and tests for soundness have also been developed and investigated over past years, including an update of the Le Chatelier Soundness Test and a number of other modifications in testing temperatures and time of testing. Chemical compositional influences on periclase formation and the resistance of cement or concrete to expansion have also been identified. The purpose of this literature review is to update and supplement previous reviews on this topic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2008 12:37:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/875474</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Portland, Blended, and Other Hydraulic Cements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/863025</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For different types of cement, the document shows (by percent) typical chemical composition, loss on ignition, insoluble residue, and potential compound composition. Chemical equations are shown for the primary chemical compound transformations involving tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF). Typical values for Blaine fineness are given. A table illustrates requirements for compressive strength of mortars for various cement types. Charts and graphs illustrate the effects of cement type on sulfate attack and compressive strength development. Properties discussed include fineness, soundness, consistency, setting time, compressive strength, heat of hydration, and relative density.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2008 07:44:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/863025</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparative Evaluation of Micro-Deval Abrasion Test with Other Toughness/Abrasion Resistance and Soundness Tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/859491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents the findings from a research investigation conducted to characterize the toughness/abrasion resistance and soundness of aggregates from 23 sources using the micro-Deval, Los Angeles (LA) abrasion, sodium sulfate soundness, and magnesium sulfate soundness tests. Correlations between the results of micro-Deval test and other tests were explored, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP 04-19) study  recommendation of maximum loss of 18% in micro-Deval test to characterize good versus poor aggregates was evaluated against the field performance of the aggregate. Also, the effect of aggregate gradation on the loss observed in micro-Deval and LA abrasion tests was studied. Based on the results from this study, the recommendations from the NCHRP 04-19 study appear to be valid for the aggregates evaluated. Also, a high degree of correlation was observed between the size of the aggregate evaluated and the micro-Deval loss, with smaller sized aggregates yielding larger loss. Good correlation was observed between results of sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate soundness tests, however, no significant correlation was observed between the losses observed in micro-Deval test and either of the two sulfate soundness tests or the LA abrasion test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2008 07:25:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/859491</guid>
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