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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS AND IMPROVED DESIGN OF GAMMA-RAY BACKSCATTERING DENSITY GAGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE NUCLEAR REACTIONS WHICH GAMMA RADIATION MAY UNDERGO IN A MATERIAL OF MEDIUM ATOMIC WEIGHT, SUCH AS SOIL, ARE DISCUSSED AND RELATED TO THE PROPERTIES OF BACKSCATTERING DENSITY GAGES. THEORETICAL REASONING AND EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ARE PRESENTED TO SHOW THAT THE EFFECT OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE MATERIAL MAY BE ELIMINATED WHEN' /A/ THE DETECTOR SEES MATERIAL NEAR THE SOURCE, AND /B/ PHOTONS OF ENERGY BELOW 0.1 MEV ARE NOT DETECTED. THE LATTER MAY BE ACHIEVED WITH A SCINTILLATION COUNTER AND PULSE SELECTOR OR BY PLACING IRON FILTERS IN FRONT OF A GEIGER-MULLER TUBE. THE GEOMETRY DEFINED BY /A/ CAUSES THE PEAK IN THE CALIBRATION CURVE TO MOVE TO A DENSITY SO HIGH THAT THE COUNT RATE BECOMES A UNIQUE MEASURE OF DENSITY, RISING OVER THE ENTIRE RANGE OF DENSITY FROM 0 TO 160 PCF. ERRORS IN THE DENSITY READING DUE TO THE STATISTICS OF NUCLEAR COUNTING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS ARE DISCUSSED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Nov 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110054</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RAILROAD ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LOCOMOTIVE VOLUME 1, SUMMARY OF E-60 CP ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION YARD MEASUREMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161935</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Results of electromagnetic emission measurements performed on E-60 locomotives at AMTRAK's Wilmington, Delaware, Maintenance facility are presented.  A description of the measurements and methodology employed is included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161935</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOME POSSIBILITIES OF REGULATING CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS ON LOCOMOTIVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/91762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Various possibilities of controlling the controlled rectifiers on electric locomotives in ac traction systems are considered.  The effects of various designs of the control circuits on the properties and possibilities of both the control and the traction are investigated and a new method, the so-called control with interlaced voltage pulses, is analyzed.  This new control method has an equal effect as doubling the number of secondary windings.  The effects on ripple are evaluated with regard to magnetic coupling between the smoothing reactor windings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/91762</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSFORMERS AND SMOOTHING REACTORS FOR A.C. TRACTION VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/79385</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors deal with the special requirements that are decisive in traction transformers.  Special reference is made to the design of transformers for feeding system-commutated and pulse-controlled rectifiers. Transformers have been developed and produced not only for the traction vehicles of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB), the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) and the Austrian Federal Railways (BB) but also for the 25 Swiss private railways electrified at 16 2/3 Hz.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/79385</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USE OF TRANSFORMERS AND SMOOTHING COILS IN ALTERNATING CURRENT TRACTIVE UNITS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72550</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transformers have been built for tractive units from the beginning of electric traction.  In many instances it is only because of continuous modification of the transformer that new vistas in tractive unit development have been opened up.  The authors make particular reference to dimensions of transformers for the supply of static convertors controlled by the network or by pulsing.  They also mention the current state of development of traction transformers for 16 Hz 2/3 and 50 Hz, and indicate future trends in this field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/72550</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESEARCH INTO POWER SUPPLY DEVICES AND RAILROAD ROLLING STOCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/31849</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This publication presents the following reports: (1) Calculation of the higher harmonic currents from electric locomotives developed on power supply networks; formulas are given for evaluations under various conditions along with the parameters for each such state.  (2) Calculation of the capacity of compensating installations and formulas for linear condensers taking into account possible overloading. Also given is distribution of condensers across the substation phases and in the power supply network. (c) Analysis of voltage interference on an AC substation with additional thyristor autotransformers; presented are the results of theoretical research on bus bars during regulation of the rectified current when controlled by supplementary transformer thyristors.  It is determined that at a specific level of regulation the interfering current grows by 20- 23 percent, which can be eliminated by utilizing the reaction of the autotransformer in one of the filter control links.  (4) Influence of parallel capacitance compensation upon wave form in the tractive network.  (5) Experimental determination of protective action of "suction" transformers with reverse feed from dangerous and interfering action produced upon communication lines by inductive effects of the traction network.  (6) Increasing economy of operation of hydraulic transmissions on diesel engines.  (7) Influence of temperature and pressure of inlet air on supercharged diesel locomotives.  (8) Theoretical evaluation of varying consumption of transmission fluid on diesel hydraulic locomotives and evaluation of fluid flow changes as locomotive speed changes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/31849</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRIFIED ROLLING STOCK WITH SEMICONDUCTOR RECTIFIERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/31851</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This publication presents the following reports: (1) The results of tests of the VL80 electric locomotive under operating conditions; (2) The adhesion coefficient of electric freight locomotives; (3) The operational effectiveness of electric locomotives with alternating current and dynamic braking on thyristor transformers; (4) Energy indices of AC electric locomotives with regenerative braking; (5) Partial artifical commutation during regenerative braking of AC rolling stock; (6) Methods for increasing the effectiveness of regenerative braking on AC rolling stock; (7) Investigations into impulsive regulation of current on experimental ER2I-CNII AC electric section; (8) Semiconductor high-voltage transformer with 30 kvt power for passenger car with air conditioning; (9) Theoretical analysis of input filter of the DC EPS transformer with current regulation; (10) Starting the compressor motors of AC electric locomotives at reduced temperature (11) Regenerative braking on electric locomotives with rectifiers; (12) Results of tests on electric locomotive with rectifiers; (13) Influence of temperature on parameters of voltampere characteristics parallel to silicon rectifiers; (14) The calculation of electromagnetic processes in auxiliary machine systems according to experimental prameters of non-symmetrical phase splitting; (15) The results of operational tests of the experimental model VL60kv electric locomotive.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/31851</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRONIC PROTECTION OF HIGH VOLTAGE LINES OF THE AUTOMATIC BLOCKING SYSTEM FROM SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS; FROM THE BOOKLET ELECTRIFICATION AND ENERGY SYSTEMS NO. 6(86)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/31795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This issue provides a description of four individual projects.  (1) Electronic protection of high voltage lines of the automatic blocking system from short circuit currents.  A full voltage recycling period on the damaged line under such protection occurs within the boundaries or 0.6 to 0.86 seconds during various rotations of automatic and repetitive connection of the reserve.  The operating time of the full cycle electronic protection is much shorter than the overlapping signal delay.  (2) The statistical voltmeter integrator allows the definition of a mean voltage value histogram in the electrical network for a determined time interval for all trains during their passage through the instrument controller stopping points.  The experimental model of the statistical integrator voltmeter passed the operational tests on the Kurskij energy feeding section of the Moscow road and the Kuzneckij energy feeding section of the Kujbyskevskaja road and displayed good results.  (3) Increasing the operational reliability of type VIPE-1 inverted rectifier units.  The work carried out by the road electrotechnical laboratories and the energy supply sections is described.  (4) Variation of the scheme and parameters of tractive substation smoothing filter No. 2; this reveals the results of theoretical and experimental research into the influence of the test filter on the performance of the No. 2 smoothing filter.  On the basis of analysis of the required partial characteristics of the filter, changes in its scheme and parameters were carried out.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/31795</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF THE HARMONICS CAUSED BY SMOOTHING FILTERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/59202</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/59202</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL 3000 V D.C. LOCOMOTIVE OF THE ITALIAN STATE RAILWAYS WITH CHOPPER CONTROL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53484</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The electrical equipment of an 84 t total weight locomotive is described.  The locomotive is equipped with four traction motors with exclusively external excitation.  Each traction motor has its own group of choppers comprising three identical units.  The pulses of the three units are mutually displaced by 120 degrees.  In addition to that, the four choppers groups are mutually phase-shifted by 90 degrees, so that a 12-pulse reactive effect is produced ahead of the line filter.  The continuous adjustment of traction motor voltage and current permits simple drive control.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53484</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESONANCE FILTERS FOR AC LOCOMOTIVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/67248</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper analyzes the possibilities of resonance filter in ac locomotives with regard to the suppression of disturbances of wire telecommunication installation.  In order to obtain numerical calculation, the author sets out from a simple equivalent diagram of the circuit with a rectifier as the current source of higher harmonics and from some assumptions concerning the spectrum of the harmonics established by measurements.  The results confirm some fundamental relations between the selection of the lowest filtered harmonic, the number of filters, and the resultant effect.  Most of the parameters were ascertained by modeling and measuring with the use of an analog computer.  The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the influence on the disturbances, on the content of higher harmonics, on the energy parameters, on the conditions in the dc circuit, and on the stress of the filter itself.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/67248</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DETERMINATION OF THE DISTURBING CURRENT AND SMOOTHING FACTOR OF FILTERS ON ELECTRIC TRACTIVE UNITS FITTED WITH IMPULSE CONVERTERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/67259</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article determines the main indices for the efficiency of smoothing filters on this type of rolling stock and proposes a method of measuring the disturbing current and smoothing factor of one and two-section filters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/67259</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FILTER CIRCUITS FOR HIGH POWER LEVELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/65760</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Theoretican investigations of filter circuits for the DC link in railway traction systems are considered.  The mathematical treatment of the conventional arrangement of the filter circuit between rectifier and motor current circuit yields the characteristic of currents and voltages with respect to time during the transient period and in the steady state.  By reference to the results of numeric calculations it is shown how information may be obtained about the space requirement and weight of a filter circuit for high transit power and definite smoothing properties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Dec 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/65760</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INCREASE IN ENERGY QUALITY ON AC TRACTION SUB-STATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/31766</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book gives research results for processes of constructing and improving indicators of electrical energy levels in complex nonsymmetrical and nonsinusoidal alternating current traction road networks during established operating conditions; it also discusses characteristics of transformer electric locomotives under natural conditions, as well as in the presence of longitudinal and transverse (both regulated and nonregulated) compensation.  The book is intended for scientific workers, graduate students, students in the higher educational institutions, as well as technical engineering workers concerned with problems of energy quality in the traction networks.  The topics are as follows: (1) Experimental investigation of traction load quality.  Energy quality under natural operational conditions of transformer electric locomotives.  (2) Research into indicators of energy quality of transformer electric locomotives during absence of means for raising it; choice of methods and models for investigating energy quality; electrical locomotive currents and voltages when R does not equal O; application of alignment methods and quick lowering for evaluation of solid mass of initial values of current, voltage, and ignition and commutation angles; formulas for the definition of basic indicators of energy qualities and transformer electric locomotive characteristics; characteristics of basic indicators of energy quality and energy estimates of electric locomotives; physical process of established operating conditions of transformer electric locomotives when R/X does not equal zero; characteristics of formation of electromotive force by electrical trains; utilization of established power of electric locomotive; established work conditions of transformer electric locomotive and its limitations; voltage losses in primary circuit of electric locomotives in the traction network. (3) Established operating conditions of transformer electric train in presence of transverse capacitive compensation; currents and voltages by phases; definition of initial values of currents, voltages, and commutation and ignition angles; evaluation of basic indicators of energy level of electric trains.  (4) Energy quality of transformer electric train in presence of capacitive compensation; basic indicators of transformer electric locomotives. (5) Problems of application of reactive regulated batteries for raising energy quality on AC roads; three-phase regulated reactive batteries; single- phase regulated reactive batteries with voltage regulated by modulus and amplitude; three-phase/two-phase regulated reactive batteries; efficient regulated reactive battery arrangements; regulated numbered transformer and elements of the regulated reactive battery control device. (6) Technical economic effectiveness of applying statistical sources of reactive power in traction networks; principles of evaluating technical-economic effectiveness of sources of reactive power.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/31766</guid>
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