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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Education-Related Disparities in Reported Physical Activity During Leisure-Time, Active Transportation, and Work among US Adults: Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007 to 2016</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1661867</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Understanding socioeconomic disparities in physical activity is important, given its contribution to overall population-wide health and to health disparities. Existing studies examining trends in these disparities have focused exclusively on physical activity during leisure-time and have not investigated the potential moderators of socioeconomic disparities in physical activity. Using self-reported data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007 to 2016 for 29,039 adults aged 20 years and over the authors examined education-related disparities in overall (total) moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, and in its sub-components, recreational (leisure-time) and non-recreational (active transportation and work) activity. The authors also examined if education-related disparities in physical activity were moderated by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate disparities in physical activity according to education group and their moderation across age, gender, race/ethnicity, and time-period.  Overall activity levels (% >=150 min/week) were highest amongst highly educated adults, yet contrasting education-related disparities were found for recreational and non-recreational activities (active transportation and work), favoring the highest- and lowest-educated groups respectively. Within each domain of activity, associations were moderated by age and race/ethnicity, and by gender for work-based activity. The net result was that education-related disparities in total activity were substantially larger in older adults (P < 0.001) and amongst women (P < 0.001). For example, the estimated difference in the probability of being active in the highest versus the lowest educational groups was 23.1% (95% CI: 19.1, 27.2) amongst those aged >=60 years, yet 10.8% (95% CI: 7.1, 14.6) amongst those aged 20-39. Education-related disparities in physical activity persisted from 2007 to 2016. The results suggest that understanding and addressing these disparities requires assessment of their multiple domains, and identification of the demographic sub-groups for which the disparities are more or less pronounced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Nov 2019 09:42:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1661867</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A dose-response model of road development and child nutrition in Nepal</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1568942</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation development accompanies economic development, both as a driver of growth and as an outcome of economy-wide investments made possible by growth. Evidence of the effects of roads and road quality on human well-being is limited. This paper studies the association between district-level transportation infrastructure and district-average child nutrition outcomes in Nepal. The authors combine two rounds of nationally representative data on child growth from the 2006 and 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys with district-level information on roads and road quality. The authors estimate a dose-response function for height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores. Results suggest that roads and road quality matter for short- and long-term nutrition outcomes for children under five years of age. Using a spatial econometric model the authors also observe statistically significant geographic spillovers from roads, suggesting broad and beneficial health and nutrition payoffs from transportation development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Dec 2018 09:43:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1568942</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Infrastructure mitigates the sensitivity of child growth to local agriculture and rainfall in Nepal and Uganda</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1511160</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Incorporating agriculture into nutrition policy requires an understanding of how agricultural performance, rainfall, and the economic and physical environments in which children reside relate to linear growth and weight gain. This paper combines anthropometric data from children below the age of 5 y in Nepal and Uganda with rainfall data and other information to measure these connections. Anthropometric outcomes are positively correlated with rainfall prior to birth, during the first year, and during agricultural growing seasons preceding child measurement. High rainfall is found to be deleterious to child growth in some settings. Evidence points to the need for agricultural adaptation to low rainfall, as well as broadly based economic development, including continued investments in health and transport infrastructure, to help improve child nutrition.This paper investigates linear growth and weight gain among 11,946 children below the age of 5 y in Nepal and Uganda, testing the hypothesis that child growth is sensitive to precipitation during key periods in a child's early life. The paper also tests the importance of the economic and physical environments in which children reside. Outcomes are not completely explained by agricultural performance or the observed characteristics of children or their households. Associations between height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) and rainfall are generally positive, but patterns are heterogeneous. At the mean, an increase of 1 SD in agricultural season rainfall is associated with a 0.05- to 0.25-point higher z-score, which translates into increases of roughly 4–13% for HAZ and 1–7% for WHZ. Nutrition sensitivity to rainfall is greater in Nepal, where rainfall is lower on average and wider ranging, than in Uganda. Health and transport infrastructure help to buffer children from the deleterious nutritional effects of precipitation shortfalls, underscoring the role of broadly based economic development in promoting child nutrition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 May 2018 09:26:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1511160</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Analysis of Food Accessibility Using the USDA Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1497346</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Health professionals have spent years refining the definition of food deserts—research has been conducted to show how socioeconomic status and a lack of nutritional foods influence a person’s lifestyle. Poor access to a supermarket or healthy foods can cause long-term health effects and an increase in mortality rates. Metrics have been developed to determine areas, known as food deserts, in which households experience difficulty accessing healthy food options. However, these metrics vary widely in their classification of a food desert. Utilizing the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey, this study analyzes the travel patterns of 3,286 households in urban areas in the United States and finds that travel time and supermarket frequency of visits are the optimal measures of food accessibility. It was determined that most households do not shop at their nearest store, often shopping at three or more stores in a month. Lack of vehicle ownership reduces the frequency at which individuals go to the supermarket. Lastly, using Baltimore City as a case study, the authors present an alternative definition of a food desert that measures the number of supermarkets accessible within a 10-minute drive and 10-minute walk.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 2018 10:37:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1497346</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparison of Self-Rated Dietary Habits On-board and On-Land in Students</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1443018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to compare the dietary habits on-board and on-lands and investigate the healthy dietary habits for seamen. The objects were 48 students (42 men and 6 women) who were seniors at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology and had participated in the one-month sea training three times, and the questionnaire survey was done in April 2010.  “Conscious to tasty things”; and “Regular meal” were different between on-board and on-lands in men (paired t-test < 0.05). The risk factor for the body weight gain in the sea training was “Eating from each food groups” and the odds ratio was 1.25 (logistic regression analysis < 0.05). These results showed that the dietary habits of the students were better on-board than on-lands and the guidance of self-management to adjust the amount of foods was important for maintaining optimal body weight.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 2017 09:20:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1443018</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Active Transportation Surveillance — United States, 1999–2012</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1371635</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Physical activity is a health-enhancing behavior, and most U.S. adults do not meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Active transportation, such as by walking or bicycling, is one way that persons can be physically active. Considering the potentially dynamic nature and health impact of active transportation, surveillance is important for monitoring trends in participation. Although five national surveillance systems assess certain components of active transportation in the United States, this report is the first to present a comprehensive, multiyear comparison of selected estimates from these systems for 1999–2012. The findings in this report will allow public health and transportation professionals to better understand the ramifications of selecting different active transportation measures and serve as national prevalence estimates for this health behavior. The data sources used in this report include all national surveillance systems that allow estimation of a component of active transportation: the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), the American Community Survey (ACS), the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2015 09:12:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1371635</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Motivations for healthy lifestyle in railroad employees</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136510</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of a survey of railroad employees' motivation for a healthy lifestyle are presented in this paper. A specific questionnaire was developed, and a study was performed on 245 Slovene railroad workers, 168 of whom were blue-collar. 66.9%, the great majority, were found to be overweight or obese, which means they had a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or more. There was no significant difference between the blue- and white-collar workers. There was a general awareness of having an unhealthy diet and lifestyle for the great majority of the workers. 74.7% of the employees felt the need to improve, at least in part, their nutrition, and 78.0% felt the need to improve their lifestyle. Furthermore, 67.8% stated that despite the constraints of everyday life and work conditions, they could adopt a healthier lifestyle. However, 57.6% stated that they had already been trying to adopt healthier diets and lifestyles, so it seems that the effort needed to overcome constraints towards a healthier lifestyle is the key problem. 54.3% would rather choose walking than running or other more intensive exercise; 60% are not ready to exercise for more than one hour per day; and that same group is not ready to give up food that they like and is considered unhealthy permanently. At a level of 0.05, the differences in motivation for a healthy lifestyle between blue- and white-collar workers were not significant. While further research in this field is needed, it appears that there is a requirement for methods of efficient marginal modifications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Apr 2012 09:16:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136510</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dietary Effects on Cognition and Pilots' Flight Performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1125046</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diet on cognition and flight performance of 45 pilots. Based on a theory of self-care, this clinical study used a repeated-measure, counterbalanced crossover design. Pilots were randomly rotated through 4-day high-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat, and control diets. Cognitive flight performance was evaluated using a GAT-2 full-motion flight simulator. The Sternberg short-term memory test and Vandenberg's mental rotation test were used to validate cognitive flight test results. Pilots consuming a high-protein diet had significantly poorer (p < .05) overall flight performance scores than pilots consuming high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:10:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1125046</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nutrition &amp; stress : complex relation also affects controllers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1094294</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Mar 2011 10:44:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1094294</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The tale of the perfect RFID read rates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/812938</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Schiff Nutrition saw the Wal-Mart RFID mandate as a chance to gain competitive advantage. Now they're proving that building a successful RFID infrastructure isn't reserved for the Fortune 500.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jul 2007 10:51:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/812938</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Trans fats are deep-sixed from shipboard menus</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/808079</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 14:42:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/808079</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soil Mix and Plant Materials for Washington Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/804155</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stress resistant plants and lightweight growing substrate mixtures were developed for use on roofs for environmental, economic, and aesthetic benefits as greenroofs.  The goal of this study was to evaluate different greenroof plant and substrate combinations to determine if extensive greenroof technology could be modified for low-cost reduced-maintenance bridge and roadside planters designed for the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT). Ten plant taxa: "Allium schoenoprasum" L., "Delosperma aberdeenense" (L.) Bolus., "Drosanthemum hispidum" (L.) Schwant., "Jovibarba hirta" (L.) Opiz. 'Emerald Spring' (Syn. "Sempervivum hirta" L.), "Orostachys iwarenge" Hara. (Syn. "Orostachys boehmeri" Makino; "Sedum boehmeri" L.), "Sedum hispanicum" L. 'Immergraunch', "Sedum japonicum" Sieb., "Sedum spurium" Bieb. 'John Creech', "Sempervivum" L. var. Specialty Blend, and "Talinum calycinum" Engelm., and three growing substrate mixtures suitable for greenroofs: Growing Substrate 1 (GS1; 10% field soil, 10% compost, and 80% Hydrocks™), Growing Substrate 2 (GS2; 20% compost and 80% Norlite), and Growing Substrate 3 (GS3: 40% field soil, 20% compost, and 40% Hydrocks™) were evaluated in mesocosms for use in concrete planters for bridge-top plantings.  Plant area, plant height, growing substrate water content, temperature, nutrition, and weediness were used for comparison.  "A. schoenoprasum D. aberdeenense, D. hispidum, S. hispanicum 'Immergraunch', S. japonicum" were replaced due to winter injury or lodged stems.  These five taxa were replaced with "Allium senescens" (Schrad.) Reg. var. glaucum., "Hylotelephium cyaneum" (Rudolph) H. Ohba. (Syn. "Sedum cyanum" Rudolph) 'Rose Carpet', "Sedum kamtschaticum" Fisch. 'Weihenstephaner Gold', "Sedum lineare' Thumb. 'Golden Teardrop', and "Sedum stenopetalum" Pursh.  Plants growing in GS2 or GS3 had similar area and height increases and water content, while those growing in GS1 yielded the least increases over two growing seasons.  GS2 had less weed growth, greater porosity, and higher nutrient levels than GS3.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Mar 2007 15:20:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/804155</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND DEVELOPMENT; UNITED STATES PAPERS PREPARED FOR THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE LESS DEVELOPED AREAS..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/545152</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/545152</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PESTICIDES OR HUNGER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/104047</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AMERICAN HAS ACCOMPLISHED THE MEANS TO BANISH HUNGER AND EXPOSURE FROM THE EARTH. THIS ACHIEVEMENT HAS BEEN THE WORK OF MANY PEOPLE IN ALL WALKS OF SCIENCE AND FARMING. EACH AREA OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH HAS PLAYED ITS OWN SIGNIFICANT ROLE. AMONG THESE, CHEMISTRY HAS CONTRIBUTED SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE MANY ADVANCES IN SOIL FERTILITY, PLANT AND ANIMAL NUTRITION, PEST CONTROL AND FOOD PROCESSING, PRESERVATION AND DISTRIBUTION. AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, INCLUDING PESTICIDES, ARE ESSENTIAL FACTORS IN THE EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF FOODSTUFFS AND, IN ADDITION, THESE CHEMICALS ARE PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REDUCTION AND CONTROL OF MANY OTHER MAJOR INSECT VECTORED DISEASES, THEREBY CONTRIBUTING TO THE HEALTH AND LONGEVITY OF AMERICAS PEOPLE. THE REAL DANGER TO MANY AREAS OF MANS SURVIVAL LIES NOT IN THE CONTROLLED USE OF CHEMICALS BUT IN THE HOARDS OF INSECTS AND MISAMA OF DISEASE WHICH COULD SWEEP OVER CROPS AND ANIMALS, DENUDE THE FORESTS AND LEAVE HUNGER AND DESTITUTION AND WANT IN THEIR WAKE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Apr 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/104047</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRINCIPLES OF SHOCK AND NUTRITION TREATMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189632</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the severely injured patient the treatment must be started immediately in the emergency room with administration of fluids and controlling of the ventilation. Once the airway is controlled, ventilation is adequate and external bleeding has been stopped, the cardiovascular condition must be controlled.  A shock can be due to cardiac failure, reduced circulatory blood volume or septic shock. Pump failure should be suspected in any patient in shock generally with hypotension whose extremities are cool, pale or clammy and whose veins are distended.  However, in the majority of the trauma cases, the shock is due to reduced circulatory blood volume from internal haemorrhage.  Septic shock is extremely unusual in the early period after trauma. Later on, however, the development of multisystemic failure, usually from sepsis, results in death for many traffic accident patients who survive their initial injuries. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189632</guid>
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