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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Nebraska: Highway Safety Improvement Program 2017 Annual Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696973</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is a core Federal-aid program with the purpose of achieving a significant reduction in fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. As per 23 U.S.C. 148(h) and 23 CFR 924.15, States are required to report annually on the progress being made to advance HSIP implementation and evaluation efforts. The format of this report is consistent with the HSIP Reporting Guidance dated December 29, 2016 and consists of five sections: program structure, progress in implementing highway safety improvement projects, progress in achieving safety outcomes and performance targets, effectiveness of the improvements and compliance assessment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 14:40:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696973</guid>
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      <title>Characterization Of Sediment Loads and Size Distribution in Nebraska Roadway Runoff</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) must manage sediment, and pollutant loads from roadway runoff to meet stormwater regulations. The SAFL Baffle, a hydrodynamic separator used by NDOT, depends on reliable estimates of total suspended solids (TSS) and particle size distribution (PSD). However, limited data exists for Nebraska roadways. In this study stormwater runoff was monitored at four NDOT-maintained sites, two in Lincoln and two in Beatrice, over 1.5 years to characterize TSS and PSD and to evaluate SAFL Baffle performance using the SHSAM model. Results showed large variability across sites and seasons. Median TSS ranged from 158 to 580 mg/L, and median particle size (d50) from 16 to 322 μm. Finer particles dominated at most sites, likely due to runoff from gravel or exposed soils off the roadway and especially outside of the NDOT right of way. Higher TSS in spring was observed and reflected low vegetation cover and winter sediment buildup. SHSAM modeling showed that the SAFL Baffle alone may not achieve 80 percent TSS removal, as it is less effective for fine particles. However, if off-site sediment loads are credited toward compliance, performance goals could be met. The study highlights the need for local sediment data and for accounting for off-site sources in NDOT stormwater design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 11:37:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686245</guid>
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      <title>Equitable Resilience-Informed Strategies for Flood Risk Mitigation in Nebraska's Transportation Infrastructure
</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627065</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This proposal focuses on enhancing the equitable resilience of Nebraska's transportation infrastructure against flood hazards. In light of the substantial damage caused by flooding, the project aims to introduce a robust framework for designing and retrofitting, especially bridges, to withstand flood impacts. A novel simulation based approach promoting equitable and resilience-informed decision-making will be implemented, focusing on individual bridges within Nebraska. The methodology developed will produce cost estimates for implementing flood design upgrades, ensuring new retrofit level requirements are met for existing bridges. The research will contribute to the Mid-America Transportation Center for Transportation Safety and Equity (MATC-TSE) theme of improving transportation resilience and align with the U.S. Department of Transportation's strategic infrastructure investment and innovation goals. The anticipated results include a robust simulation-based framework for designing and retrofitting bridges, an optimized policy framework for flood hazard mitigation, cost estimates for implementing flood design upgrades, and a comprehensive report detailing the research findings.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 15:04:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627065</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Groundwater Flooding on Highways in the Nebraska Sandhills: Applying Remote Sensing, Precipitation and Groundwater Modeling to Determine Depth, Cause and Frequency</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596433</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate change significantly impacts infrastructure sustainability, particularly through shifts in precipitation patterns, intensity, and duration. These precipitation dynamics may increase the occurrence of surface water and groundwater flooding. Groundwater in the Nebraska Sand Hills (NSH), including the thickest portions of the High Plains Aquifer, extends close to the land surface in interdunal areas, making the NSH vulnerable to groundwater flooding. Recent events involving heavy precipitation, snow melt, and rising groundwater levels have caused prolonged highway flooding, disrupting transportation networks. This study estimates groundwater flood inundation depth, duration and frequency in the highways of NSH using remote sensing techniques and groundwater modeling. Results indicate that in 2019, 18 highway sections experienced inundation depths ranging from 0.04 to 0.63 m for up to five months. This flooding was not caused by a single storm event but resulted from cumulative precipitation in 2018 and 2019. Using MODFLOW, the authors analyzed historical flooding (> 1 m increase in water level over a one- and two-year period) from 1940 to 2009 for ten highways within the NSH and model domain. Flooding frequencies ranged from 0% to 2.7% and from 1.4% to 11% for the two-year periods. These findings provide critical insights for the Nebraska Department of Transportation to prioritize highway improvement efforts in mitigating future flood risks through future construction projects to raise these highways. Observed trends in increasing precipitation, stream discharge and groundwater levels over recent decades, and their role in contributing to major flood events in 2010 and 2019, flooding risks may escalate in the future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:39:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596433</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Effect of Antioxidant Additives and Recycling Agents on Performance of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures – Phase II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509354</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in combination with recycling agents (RAs) (i.e., rejuvenators or softening agents) has gained significant attention from the pavement industry as a sustainable pavement solution, reducing the carbon footprint of manufactured products through the conservation of energy and reduction on the use of raw materials. Current research has found that RAs can improve RAP recycled asphalt mixture’s cracking resistance, while being capable of maintaining their rutting resistance. However, there are some concerns about the effect of RAs on the moisture damage resistance and the long-term performance (aging) of these additives. The current need is to maximize the use of RAP in asphalt mixtures by adopting sustainable sources of RAs, such as Triglycerides and Fatty Acids (TF) based RAs which are mostly derived from vegetable oils. However, Phase I of this project found that TF-based RAs are more prone to oxidative aging, which can hamper the long-term performance of asphalt binders and mixtures. In the current project (Phase II), the authors focused on adopting the simultaneous utilization of RA and antioxidants to prevent the oxidative aging of RA-modified binders and mixtures. To this end, different binder blends and high-RAP mixtures were developed using five different antioxidants alongside the high-RAP binder modified with one source of TF-based RA. At the binder level, rheological performance tests were conducted focusing on high-temperature rutting, and mid and low-temperature cracking assessments at short and long-term aging conditions. Additionally, at the mixture level, two antioxidants were selected to develop high-RAP asphalt mixtures modified with TF-based RA, and mechanical performance testing focusing on mid-temperature cracking, rutting, and moisture damage susceptibility were performed. At the binder level, the results revealed that the addition of TF-based RA enhanced the binder’s cracking resistance but increased the rutting susceptibility. Antioxidants did not affect the rutting and cracking parameters; however, their effect on resisting long-term aging was antioxidant-type specific. At the mixture level, the selected dosage of TF-based RA could not enhance the mixture cracking resistance significantly. Also, the effects of TF-based binders were not observed at longterm aging conditions. Similar to the binder level results, the use of antioxidants to retards oxidative aging was type-specific, and one antioxidant, Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZnDEC), provided such superior aging-resistant function.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2025 16:57:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509354</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Minimizing Take of Threatened Rattlesnakes and Optimizing Project Review in SE Nebraska</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The western massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus) and the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) are protected under Nebraska Statute 37-801-811 and listed as threatened species. These species occur in the right-of-way (ROW) along several roads in Jefferson, Gage, Pawnee, and Richardson Counties which necessitates the need for added Environmental Review (ER) from Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) staff and onsite surveys prior and during maintenance and construction to roadways. This project sought to minimize ER time, staff time, and increase the knowledge of these species in southeast Nebraska by: a) Identifying precise locations of western massasauga brumation sites; b) Mapping travel corridors from brumation site to active (summer) sites and explore how they relate to NDOT ROW; c) Developing standardized survey/search protocols; d) Documenting materials used by snakes as basking and/or refuge locations; e) Providing recommendations to avoid or minimize impacts to protected snakes for future NDOT maintenance and construction practices. Only western massasaugas were captured during this project and were tagged with GPS and radio transmitters to elucidate their movements through NDOT ROW. Thirteen massasaugas were captured and tagged with transmitters; one individual was never recovered so the authors only have data for 12 snakes. Overall, the massasaugas stayed very close to their capture location and only moved into surrounding fields occasionally and the authors rarely noted them on NDOT materials (besides the road itself). To limit take of these species, NDOT should clear vegetation the winter before work begins, ensure water connectivity and wetlands are maintained, ensure NDOT and contractor vehicles/equipment only drive and park on the staging area – which needs to be included in the pre-construction surveys, erect signage warning drivers of snakes on the road and continue to work closely with NGPC biologists.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 09:03:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521067</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Tool to Streamline and Expedite the General Permit Application</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2507241</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) plays a vital role in developing and maintaining infrastructure projects that often intersect with environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands and rivers. These projects are governed by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, which requires permits for discharging dredged or fill material into waters of the United States. Compliance with this regulation is essential to ensure responsible stewardship of aquatic ecosystems and adherence to federal environmental standards.
Currently, the permit application process is highly labor-intensive, requiring extensive manual data entry that is both error-prone and time-consuming. Applications often demand significant input and corrections from NDOT, resulting in bottlenecks that delay approvals. The repeated back-and-forth communication between NDOT and consultants, along with the substantial effort NDOT must dedicate to guiding consultants—even after training—creates inefficiencies that strain resources for both NDOT and its consultants. These inefficiencies ripple outward, delaying infrastructure projects, inflating costs, and increasing administrative burdens on both NDOT and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which oversees the review of these applications. Modernizing the permit application process is not just an operational necessity but a strategic opportunity. Developing an electronic permitting (e-permitting) tool can transform the application workflow, ensuring timely, consistent, and compliant submissions. This initiative aligns closely with NDOT’s ongoing Nebraska Environmental Data System (NEDS) project, which provides a centralized platform for managing and analyzing environmental data. Integrating the e-permitting tool with NEDS offers the potential to enhance data sharing, streamline workflows, and create a cohesive system for tracking environmental resource reviews and compliance]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Feb 2025 11:17:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2507241</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Statewide Geographic Information System (GIS) as a Predictive Tool for Locating Deeply Buried Archeological Deposits in Nebraska: Phase III-The Sandhills Region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2485290</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project developed a GIS to assist with the identification of deeply buried cultural deposits in alluvial settings across the Sandhills region of Nebraska. Soil survey data, previous geoarchaeological investigations, landform position, and other information was used to rank the potential of any stream valley setting as low, low-moderate, moderate-high, or high potential to contain buried cultural deposits. While the presence of buried soils does not necessarily translate to presence of buried archeological sites, the potential for such sites is far greater in buried soils. The GIS can be used by NDOT and other agencies with statutory historic preservation obligations, to identify tracts on proposed construction projects that might require deep mechanical testing (backhoe or coring) in search of buried archeological properties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2025 08:55:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2485290</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Decision Tool Final Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2494744</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report investigates the creation and assessment of a decision-making tool developed to aid the Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) in determining the suitability of the Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) method for bridge replacement projects. The tool utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to integrate different criteria, including Average Daily Traffic (ADT), Average Daily Truck Traffic (ADTT), detour time, railroad impact, economy of scale, and the use of typical details, which were found to be paramount in the decision-making process across the state. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the tool’s performance and identify the most significant factors influencing the implementation of ABC for average Nebraska bridges. After testing the tool on a dataset of 123 local bridges needing replacement, it identified 10 confirmed candidates for ABC, 38 requiring further evaluation, and 75 more suitable for traditional construction methods. Additionally, the developed tool was compared with two existing decision-making tools from other states, showing similar results in 80% of the bridge replacement cases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2025 11:10:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2494744</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of the Nebraska Department of Transportation Winter Severity Index – Phase II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2446894</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For the Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT), the Nebraska Winter Severity Index (NEWINS) provided an independent framework to calculate a winter season’s severity by categorizing individual winter storms. However, one of the greatest limitations of NEWINS is that it is not predictive. Thus, this study builds on the previously developed NEWINS by creating a predictive winter storm severity index known as NEWINS-Predictive (NEWINS-P). The quantitative precipitation forecast, snow accumulation, ice accumulation, and surface wind speed parameters from the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) are used to develop the five components composing the NEWINS-P framework. These components consist of snow severity (NEWINS-S), precipitation type, ice likelihood, blowing snow, and drifting snow likelihood, and attempt to forecast different in-storm and post-storm winter weather hazards over a 72 hour duration at a 6-h resolution. The NEWINS-P framework is assessed through spatial forecasts across Nebraska and temporal forecasts at Nebraska airports on select Colorado Low and Alberta Clipper Systems from the 2018-19, 2021-22, and 2022-23 winter seasons. Additionally, spatial and temporal forecast trends are investigated in each system for select components to assess their degree of change. The results show that Colorado Low Systems were forecasted to have a larger areal extent and longevity of winter weather hazards than Alberta Clipper Systems. Furthermore, the Colorado Low Systems produce a higher intensity and spatial coverage of NEWINS-S, more types of precipitation, more icing concerns, and more blowing snow concerns. Post-storm impacts such as drifting snow are not forecasted in most systems as surface wind speeds decrease rapidly following the conclusion of snow accumulation. In all systems analyzed, the forecast trends reveal an increasing intensity of NEWINS-S as the system gets closer in time. Interpretations of the NEWINS-P output can be affected by a systematic artifact within the NDFD that is caused by forecast differences between weather forecast offices. In summary, NEWINS-P is a tool that supports NDOT in its winter maintenance operations for personnel and resource planning in advance of winter storms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 2024 09:18:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2446894</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Illinois Department of Transportation E-ticketing Peer Exchange: EDC-6 Peer-To-Peer Exchanges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2413946</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) has been actively involved in e-Construction initiatives for more than six years. During this period, IDOT initially focused on electronic documentation related to construction and materials. The agency is now working on implementing an electronic payment system and transitioning toward a completely paperless approach in the management of construction projects. However, IDOT has identified several challenges it will need to overcome to achieve this objective. With its Construction & Materials Management System (CMMS) in place, IDOT aims to shift its focus to e-Ticketing to further progress toward its goals of paperless management. IDOT was interested in e-ticketing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic but gained limited experience during that time as a result of varying issues, including staff turnover. IDOT supports e-Ticketing use, and the agency currently "softly" encourages its adoption by allowing contractors to use an e-Ticketing solution if desired. IDOT has conducted pilots and achieved some successes, but results have varied based on contractors’ individual systems and practices. IDOT sought this peer exchange because the agency is eager to learn from other states’ experiences and avoid potential pitfalls. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored a day-and-a-half-long peer-to-peer exchange in Springfield, Illinois, on June 21 and 22, 2022. The meeting included representatives from FHWA, State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) that have successfully implemented e-Ticketing (i.e., the lead agencies), three subject matter experts from the EDC consultant team, and participants from IDOT and the local construction and material industries. The lead agencies included in-person attendance from Delaware (DelDOT), Iowa (IOWADOT), and Pennsylvania (PennDOT), with Nebraska (NDOT) and Virginia (VDOT) participating virtually. The local FHWA division office hosted and provided a meeting room. The meeting included presentations, panel discussions, question and answer sessions, and a participant survey.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Aug 2024 13:19:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2413946</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of NDOT’s Sediment Barrier Practices Using Performance Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2394462</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To protect waterways adjacent to construction projects with disturbed land, a 50 ft (15 m) vegetated buffer or equivalent sediment controls are required. However, there is little guidance on the effectiveness of vegetated buffers in removing sediment or how sediment barriers can aid shorter buffers or replace buffers. A modeling methodology was developed and used to determine the performance of 11,664 50 ft (15 m) vegetated buffer configurations with Nebraska conditions; sediment capture averaged 92.6% and ranged from 18.5% to 99.5%. To determine the performance of Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) standard and modified sediment barrier installations, a large-scale testing methodology was used that subjected silt fence, slash mulch berm, and wattle silt check installations to conditions commonly found on Nebraska highway construction sites. From deficiencies noted in testing of standard installations, modifications were developed and recommended that improved structural performance, provided additional water quality treatment, and increased sediment capture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jun 2024 09:26:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2394462</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Accurate and Reliable Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) Factoring Methods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387189</link>
      <description><![CDATA[According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), “Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) estimates, with as little bias as possible, the mean traffic volume across all days for a year for a given location along a roadway”. AADT provides crucial information about road activity in terms of vehicular volume (i.e., vehicles per day) on specific road segments. As such, it plays a pivotal role in supporting highway agency activities that include planning, design, maintenance, operations, safety, environmental analysis, finance, engineering economics, and performance management. Moreover, AADT serves as a key parameter for the allocation of funds to state Departments of Transportation (DOTs). Nebraska DOT (NDOT) is required to collect and report AADTs to the FHWA annually as part of the Highway Performance Monitoring System program, as well as make these data publicly available. This is because AADTs are used by a wide range of stakeholders in Nebraska, including NDOT divisions, city traffic engineers, and private consultants. Therefore, providing accurate AADTs is imperative, while using inaccurate AADTs in one or more of the mentioned studies would result in direct economic losses for the state.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Jun 2024 15:01:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387189</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrated Bridge, Transportation Network, and Community Resilience Framework for Nebraska</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387166</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate-related disasters, such as flooding, routinely damage infrastructure, weaken economies, and significantly impact communities within the country and within Nebraska. Since 1980, 338 climate-related disasters in the United States have incurred damage exceeding $1 billion (NOAA 2022). The average number of billion-dollar disasters per year has more than doubled from 7.7 events to 17.8 events over the past 5 years and is expected to continue to increase. The State of Nebraska Long-Term Recovery and Resilience Plan specifically identifies efficient assessment, restoration, and revitalization of infrastructure systems as a priority, and the state transportation network is critical to state climate resilience. Nebraska Department of Transportation's (NDOT's) Long-Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) identified "secure and resilient transportation" as one of its six overarching goals to achieve by 2040. Climate-related disasters, such as flooding, can have initially catastrophic impacts, such as structural collapse, critical route closures, and casualties; however, the impacts can also cascade due to the interdependencies of modern communities. Given the anticipated increased frequency of major flood events combined with the potentially devastating impacts, it is critical for the state of Nebraska and the Department of Transportation to increase resilience to future hazards.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Jun 2024 08:59:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387166</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Nebraska Department of Transportation's (NDOT) Construction Stormwater Detention Measures Using Full-Scale Testing Techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387162</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Earthmoving activities associated with highway construction create increased risk of downstream pollution from stormwater runoff. Rainfall dislodges sediment and runoff mobilizes soil particles and other pollutants that can cause significant risk to receiving water bodies. Excessive sediment in waterways can harm aquatic life by increasing turbidity, reducing fish habitats, as well as increasing the risk of flooding by reducing the flow capacity of rivers and streams. The cost of sediment in surface waters is drastic, with the cost of sediment pollution being estimated at $16 billion in 1998, including the physical, biological, and chemical damages caused by unmanaged or improperly managed stormwater discharges.

]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2024 16:47:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387162</guid>
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