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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>AN APPARATUS FOR STUDYING THE NEURAL CONTROL AND BIOMECHANICS OF BILATERAL COORDINATION IN CONVENTIONAL VERSUS NOVEL PEDALING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/211276</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An unusual stationary pedaling system has been built to test the interaction of neural control and biomechanics during difficult bilateral coordination tasks.  Subjects are tested during both conventional and novel pedaling. Neuromuscular and biomechanical data (electromyograms, kinematics and pedaling forces) are collected as the subject pedals.  A brief discussion of the study's rationale, theoretical approach and preliminary results is presented as background to an understanding of the functional design features of the apparatus.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ACUTE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/194859</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Four components of 20 horizontal saccadic eye movements (latency, mean and maximum velocities, and duration) were measured in 16 students under the influence of alcohol and also in a control situation.  Experimental procedures were standardized and automated as much as possible to find a sensitive, quantitative neurophysiological measure for detecting effects of small alcohol doses on motor performance and to distinguish the effects of alcohol from those of fatigue.  Latency (simple eye reaction time) was not affected by alcohol in blood concentrations of 0.056-0.116%.  Mean and maximum eye velocities decreased by about 9%, and the duration of saccades increased by 11%. Maximum changes occurred 90-120 minutes after the start of alcohol ingestion.  Changes in velocities and durations correlated more closely with feelings of intoxication than with blood alcohol concentrations.  Marked intrasubject and intersubject variations were observed in reactions to alcohol.  The close resemblance between effects of certain psychotropic drugs or alcohol and fatigue, and decreased attention to eye movement control suggests that these factors may act upon the same nervous structures in the brain stem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>NEUROMUSCULAR CERVICAL SPINE MODEL FOR WHIPLASH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/54368</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A computer model of the neuromusculature and passive elements of the cervical spine during whiplash is presented. The model indicates that the neuromusculature increases the rotational stability of the cervical spine during low level accelerations.  This results in decreased bending but increased axial compressive stresses in the passive structures and increased axial tensile stresses in the neuromusculature.  Increased neural feedback augments peak acceleration and stress because the "active" neuromusculature causes a flexion response near the end of the acceleration pulse.  A decrease in neural delay time allows the muscles to act earlier and decrease peak accelerations and bending stresses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO STIMULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/37788</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A major impediment in the design of transportation systems is the opinion that the passenger may give about his comfort.  In a global sense, the passenger's opinion is determined by three factors: (a) the physical characteristics of the ride; (b) neurological factors in processing and rejecting information; and (c) psychological variables in processing information.  Changing the passenger's opinion by manipulating the first factor is an engineering problem.  The third factor is notoriously complex, and will be avoided here as far as possible.  This report will discuss mostly the second factor, the passenger's neurological response to stimulation.  Some measures of individual differences in responsiveness will be discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>RELATIONSHIP OF NEUROMUSCULAR PERFORMANCE TO THE BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/31804</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The intent of the study was to determine if neuromuscular impairment occurring as blood alcohol concentrations increase or decrease through corresponding ranges of concentrations; and, the effect on neuromusclar control of maintaining peak BAC's. Group A, 11 subjects, were to determine effects of a rapidly changing BAC; Group B, 6 subjects, demonstrated effects of maintaining high BAC after an initial rapid rise. The Koerth type pursuit rotor was the means of measuring motor control. Subjects' reaction time was measured with a modified electronic counter for 30 sequences. All were administered 95% ethanol in an 8:1 concentration with standard D5W intravenously. Stephenson Breathalyzer determined BAC's. All subjects underwent a control session 1 day prior to alcohol infusion. Data shows no definitive correlation between reaction time and motor coordination deterioration during alcohol intoxication. Peak BAC leads to impairment, descent increases reaction time but deteriorates motor coordination. /SRIS/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/31804</guid>
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      <title>THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA ON A MANUAL TRACKING TASK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/21558</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two projects have been carried out to determine the usefulness of employing human operator describing functions in the study of the influence of alcohol and marijuana on subjects performing a visual-manual control task. Significant alterations in the linear operator models were observed and interpreted as changes in the time delay, neuromuscular system, and operator noise injection.  The results provide the basis for a linear model capable of describing the dynamic response of human operators while under the influence of the two drugs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/21558</guid>
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