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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Proximity to Urban Function Induction Facilities and In- and Outmigration Populations Using a Geographically Weighted Regression Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2613402</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aims to propose a framework to estimate in- and out-migration populations in meshes and clarify the relationship between proximity to urban function induction facilities and in- and out-migration populations using a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. The results of a case study of Nagasaki city showed that the in-migration populations were related to the proximity to supermarkets, convenience stores, and hospitals, in addition to the accessibility of tram and bus transportation services. In contrast, the out-migration populations were less related to the facilities excepts for universities and hospitals. To achieve residential concentration, the results support policies to control the location distribution of the related facilities, guiding the place of residence of in-migration populations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 2026 17:40:22 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>A Study for Effort in Changing Propeller Material to CFRP within Fisheries Training Vessel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2499140</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, ships equipped with marine propellers made of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) have been introduced, and the Nagasaki Maru, a fisheries training ship of the Faculty of Fisheries of Nagasaki University, was also replaced with a CFRP propeller during the January 2023 dock. However, there has been little verification of the effects for changing propeller material on an actual ship, so in this study, the authors compared effects of changing propeller material between metal and CFRP on an actual ship in terms of underwater radiated noise, onboard noise and vibration environment, and fuel consumption. Of these, underwater radiated noise was measured with a small memory hydrophone at a depth of 20 m, and noise and vibration were simultaneously measured at seven locations on board. In addition, fuel consumption was compared in terms of cruising distance per liter. The results showed as follows, ①underwater noise was reduced by an average of 2 dB, ②onboard noise was below the standard value of the IMO Shipboard Code before the conversion, still more noise was further reduced, ③vibration was clearly decreased in the 100-150 Hz, and ④compared in cruising distance per liter of oil of up to more than 40% at research mode.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 11:38:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2499140</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Characteristic for Anchorage in Nagasaki Port from the Classification of Sediment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2344902</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study was carried out focused on relationship between anchorage characteristic and classification sediments including moisture content (hereinafter referred to as “moisture content”) in order to prevent marine accidents caused by dragging anchors under strong winds. Total 35 seabed sediments were collected at inside or nearby Nagasaki Port using a Smith-McIntyre Bottom sampler onboard the Kakuyo Maru, a training ship of the Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University. The bottom sediment was classification based on the sediment symbol on the nautical chart, and one sample was extracted from each category to obtain the moisture content. Furthermore, the maximum holding force was measured using three types of model anchors: JIS type and Danforth type. As a result, the sediments were roughly divided into four groups and almost station was Si-fS based on the grain size composition of sediment. Moisture content was ranged from 21% to 47% and became larger around the quarantine anchorage area. The model anchor experiment showed that average holding coefficient of the Danforth anchor became more than 10 at St.1 and St.35, but JIS type anchor average holding coefficient was less than 4 at all stations even in regardless of the moisture content.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Mar 2024 17:04:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2344902</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Propulsion Efficiency During Cruising Phase of Cutter Race With Focus on the Rowing Power of Oars</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1898564</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To increase boat speed during cutter races, improving the rowing efficiency of oars is important. To clarify the characteristics of rowing cutters, total 17 patterns rowing experiments were carried out at Togitsu Port in Omura Bay, Nagasaki Prefecture. At this experiments, total 6 scullers rowing power were measured and estimated total rowing power or rowing efficiency with changing scullers positions, respectively. Moreover, the boat speed was also recorded using a portable GPS device. Experimental results showed a difference of more than twice the rowing power was observed when the rowing position was changed even with the same rower, showing strengths and weaknesses. However, no correlation was observed between a subject’s average rowing power and their physique (height, weight, body fat mass, muscle mass, BMI, and FFMI). Furthermore, the rowing power may be attributed to factors other than physique. The average mean total rowing efficiency was 25.7% ± 2.1% (± S.D.) during headwinds. Even when the members are together, the rowing efficiency showed a difference of more than 7%, simply because the scullers were arranged in different positions. The rowing power and technical factors were suggested to be important factors influencing the rowing efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Jan 2022 17:29:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1898564</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proposal of an activity-based elderly mobility index focusing on public transportation convenience</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1887787</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a new index of elderly mobility that is based on their daily activity patterns, in order to explicitly consider the convenience of public transportation. Although shortest path based accessibility indexes have been often used to measure the living environment, they are trip-based and thus not able to assess levels-of-service of public transportation. The authors' activity-based mobility indexes, namely the number of “available paths” and “loss time”, explicitly consider the timetable of public transport service. They can assess the inconvenience due to the low frequency or biased scheduling of public transport for elderly people to perform daily activities. As a case study, the authors calculate these activity-based mobility index together with the conventional measures for slope areas in the Nagasaki City and analyzed the relationship between the measures and area situations. The results show that the proposed index explains the patterns of house increase/decrease, which conventional indexes could not sufficiently explain.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 2021 13:56:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1887787</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study for Damage Stability Operation on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in the Revised IEC Standard</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739313</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of FOWTs (Floating Offshore Wind Turbines) is going into the commercial stage from the demonstration one. One of the key issues for success in the commercial stage is how to reduce the construction cost. For example, watertight bulkheads in narrow space of FOWTs become obstacles to the cost reduction from the perspective of structural complexity and manufacturing. On the other hand, new IEC TS 61400-3-2 standard describes the unnecessity of the damage stability requirement under certain conditions. To secure the sufficient safety without the damage stability requirement according to the IEC TS 61400-3-2, an examination method with a probability theory and the FEM analysis is proposed in this paper. The probability of collision with cruising ships, P1, around a FOWT is estimated to use by the AIS data, and the probability of structural total loss, P2, due to the ship collision is indicated according to the total loss curve which is delivered from the FEM collision analysis. The joint probability which is represented by the product of P1 and P2 is compared to the target damage probability, 10-4 per year. The detailed information about this method and the results of trial analyses for the FOWT off the coast of Nagasaki Prefecture are also introduced in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2020 09:39:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739313</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Associations of chemical composition and sources of PM₂.₅ with lung function of severe asthmatic adults in a low air pollution environment of urban Nagasaki, Japan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1628191</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Previous studies have linked ambient PM₂.₅ to decreased pulmonary function, but the influence of specific chemical elements and emission sources on the severe asthmatic is not well understood. The authors examined the mass, chemical constituents, and sources of PM₂.₅for short-term associations with the pulmonary function of adults with severe asthma in a low air pollution environment in urban Nagasaki, Japan. The authors recruited 35 asthmatic adults and obtained the daily record of morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) in spring 2014–2016. PM₂.₅ filters were extracted from an air quality monitoring station (178 days) and measured for 27 chemical elements. Source apportionment was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). The authors fitted generalized linear model with generalized estimating equation (GEE) method to estimate changes in PEF (from personal monthly maximum) and odds of severe respiratory deterioration (first ≥ 15% PEF reduction within a 1-week interval) associated with mass, constituents, and sources of PM₂.₅, with adjustment for temperature and relative humidity. Constituent sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and PM₂.₅ from oil combustion and traffic were associated with reduced PEF. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in SO₄²⁻ (3.7 μg/m³, average lags 0–1) was associated with a decrease of 0.38% (95% confidence interval = −0.75% to −0.001%). An IQR increase in oil combustion and traffic-sourced PM₂.₅ (2.64 μg/m³, lag 1) was associated with a decrease of 0.33% (−0.62% to −0.002%). The authors found a larger PEF decrease associated with PM₂.₅ from dust/soil on Asian Dust days. There was no evidence linking total mass and metals to reduced pulmonary function. The ventilatory capacity of adults with severe asthma is susceptible to specific constituents/sources of PM₂.₅ such as sulfate and oil combustion and traffic despite active self-management of asthma and low air pollution levels in the study location.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Sep 2019 17:19:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1628191</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cruise port centrality and spatial patterns of cruise shipping in the Asian market</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1591399</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the centrality of cruise ports in the Asian cruise shipping market while proposing the hubs and authorities centrality (HACC) metric as a directional synthesis of the hubs centrality and authorities centrality to explore cyclical and directional features of centrality in the cruise shipping network. With the development of the cruise shipping industry, research has been actively conducted with a particular focus on identifying the characteristics of hub ports. This paper employs social network analysis to investigate the HACC which is originally developed for analyzing the cruise port centrality problem. Empirical study implies that Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Nagasaki, Penang, Phuket, Port Klang, Shanghai, and Singapore (in alphabetical order) reflects particulars of cruise hub ports. One of the exceptional results of this paper is Ho Chi Minh City, Penang, Phuket, and Port Klang have demonstrated high HACC (refers to hub ports) while limited degree and betweenness centrality. In contrast, Busan and Keelung are not classified as hub ports.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Apr 2019 17:18:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1591399</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A study on shopping behavior to nearby islands by residents in Goto regions in consideration of traffic condition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1565480</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Japan has many remote islands in its territorial waters. The isolation yields intense depopulation under aging society in Japan. Improvement of its life surroundings is important challenge for these arias. Some of researches indicate the necessity of the connection to other area, such as nearby bigger islands or main islands. This study focus on shopping of remote islands residents, especially going out to other areas. This study had a survey in Goto, Nagasaki, and confirmed the resident's activity to other areas for making up their demand for shopping. Then, to examine the transportation policies and the replacement of shopping facilities, this study built the shopping model that can predict the frequency of shopping in other islands in relation to transportation parameters like travel time. The model showed the good fitness for shopping behavior of residents in Goto reasion.本研究は近年の著しい高齢化、過疎化の進む離島の生活環境を改善し、離島の生活圏を構成するための政策を検討するための基礎的な材料を提供するものである。いくつかの研究より指摘されている自島での生活需要の不足をより大きな商業施設や生活施設を有する島や本土の都市で補う活動があり、これらは交通環境の改善などにより、よりよく促進されることが報告されている。本研究は、特に買い物行動に着目し、島内での買い物の不足分を島外の地域の求める行動を交通環境、都市の持つ供給能力から表現できるモデルを構築し、長崎県五島列島における10の島で買い物行動の調査を行い、島外、島内での買い物行動を把握した後、モデルの現状の再現性を確認し、パラメーターを求めた。]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Oct 2018 10:47:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1565480</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Visualization and Quantification of the Performance for Pedestrian Rambling in City Center</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1441528</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recently, the centers of Japanese local cities have experienced urban decay, and many of them are now in need of brisk pedestrians' rambling activities to reactivate themselves. However, there are not so many cities with well-appointed walkable environment. This study evaluates actual city structures from the viewpoint of the performance that accelerates pedestrians' rambling activities. To indicate lucid results, the performance indexes are ramified into numerical indexes and visual indexes. The indexes consist of six elements; origin, destination, commercial environment, walking environment, promotion or deterrence of walking, and rest place. As the targets of this study, Oita City and Nagasaki City are selected, and compared for relative assessments. Each city's characteristics and problems are clarified through the investigation.近年、日本の地方都市における中心市街地の衰退が問題となっている。中心市街地の賑わいには回遊行動が必要と言われているが、実際には充実した歩行空間が少ない。本研究では、回遊性能という観点から市街地のハード面を評価した。そのために6つの要素（1.起点、2.終点、3.商業環境、4.歩行環境、5.歩行促進・抑止、6.滞留場所）から数値指標と可視化指標を提案し、大分市及び長崎市に適用した。また指標を適用した両都市を比較分析し、その特徴と課題を明らかにした。]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Feb 2017 09:04:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1441528</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study on Location Control of Large-Scale Customer-Drawing Facilities by Prefectures: Case studies of Fukuoka Prefecture and Nagasaki Prefecture</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1427935</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The location of large-scale customer-drawing facilities, such as commercial facilities and public facilities has a great influence on urban and regional spatial structure. It has been rarely controlled in Japan, however, which resulted in suburbanized spatial structure oriented by automobile traffic. Two prefectures searched in this study, therefore, began to tackle the issue from regional aspect. The purpose of this study is to uncover the effects and challenges of the location control of large-scale customer-drawing facilities by these prefectures. Key conclusions of this study are the importance of the consistency between plan and actual situation regarding the possibility of large-scale facility location in the planning process, the importance of the collaboration between prefecture and local government, or furthermore the active engagement of local government. The authors also indicate the importance of consistency of plan and regulation in the realization process.大型商業施設をはじめとする大規模集客施設の立地は、広域的な空間構造に影響を与えることになる。しかしながら日本では、その広域的コントロールが必ずしも十分であるとは言えず、そのために拡散的な広域的空間構造が形成されている状況にある。この問題に対応するため、一部の都道府県では即地的な計画を活用した立地誘導という、独自の動きを行うようになってきている。そこで本研究では、このような都道府県レベルの即地的誘導区域の設定を通じた大規模集客施設の立地コントロールの効果と課題を明らかにすることを目的とする。結論として、計画プロセスにおける実態的な大規模集客施設の立地可能性の検討の必要性、計画・運用における県と市町村との連携、さらには市町村の主体的参加の重要性等について指摘した。]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2016 13:24:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1427935</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON CAUSES OF VACANT HOUSE AND LOT IN SLOPED URBAN DISTRICT FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF WALKING ENERGY EXPENDITURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1421210</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Japan, even though sloped area is much larger than plain area, plain area is used for public facilities and industrial sites preferentially, and consequently, there are a lot of sloped urban districts which are commonly for residential use. Generally in sloped urban districts, there are various inconveniences for living due to the physical characteristics, such as insufficient road networks and many steep hillsides/stairs, so these inconveniences are viewed as the key elements inducing some problems such as depopulation and increased number of vacant house/lot at such districts. Therefore, in this study, the problem related to vacant house and lot is focused as the subject to solve among various kinds of problems emerging at sloped urban districts, and Nagasaki city is chosen as the targeted city to conduct a series of researches. In the first half of this study, through a statistical analysis on the relationships between the emergence of vacant house/lot and physical residential environment which were investigated based on an on-the-spot survey, some significant environmental factors were clarified. Then, in the last half of this study, utilizing the concept of walking energy expenditure, accessibility from each residential site to daily facility were digitized in order to quantitatively detect and assess the relationship between the emergence of vacant house/lot and the walking energy expenditure. The results obtained through this study can be concluded as follows: (1) It was difficult to renew or convert buildings and lands due to the legal responsibility of having a building site join the frontal road in sloped urban districts which comparatively has small number of roads in the past; however it has now become easy to do so even in sloped urban districts since designated streets have been implemented. Consequently, “join-the-frontal-road” issue is no more one of the influential factors to the vacant house/lot emergence. On the other hand, the car access-related factors such as the presence of garages and the width of frontal roads show significant impact on preventing houses and lots from being vacant. (2) For the residents whose main travel mean is walking, accessibility to out-of-house facilities is highly important, and the walking energy expenditure which is utilized as an index to evaluate the accessibility has statistically significant effects on the emergence of vacant houses and lots. Specifically, the distribution rate of vacant houses and lots is low in the districts which show high accessibility to educational facilities (e.g. kindergartens and elementary schools) and the place where residents can take public transportation. (3) Dissimilarly to general urban planning for plain sites which have few slopes and undulation, not only distance to walk but also undulation of routes significantly influence the energy consumption when it comes to sloped urban districts, and so the undulation of routes is needed to be involved in the calculation of accessibility. Considering the results above, for the further progress of solution toward the issues related vacant houses/lots in sloped urban districts, the necessity to evaluate accessibility utilizing the concept of walking energy expenditure is highlighted. Also, it is implied that there is a clear need to construct road networks and conduct locational induction of facilities based on the result of such evaluation on walking energy expenditure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Sep 2016 11:17:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1421210</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Navigation System for Sightseeing Wandering -Transit from Tram to Walking in Downtown Nagasaki-</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1321387</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nagasaki light rail transit (LRT) Navigation Promotion Council provides the Service named DOKONE. It is a system that distributes the position information of the low-floor vehicle operated by Nagasaki Electric Tramway to the mobile terminal. This system detects tram and user's positions by using global positioning system (GPS), and transmits data via mobile network (3G or long term evolution (LTE)). Users can determine the position of the tram by the map displayed on the screen of the mobile phone. In addition, they can reserve getting on from a specific stop. This service started in October, 2011, and reached 40,000 by the number of accesses in one year. The authors' Promotion Council is composed by the university, private companies, and local governments (City and Prefecture). The authors developed a new navigation system for sightseeing that used Ucode and the near field communication (NFC) tag based on DOKONE in 2012. This article reports on the process of the evolution of the navigator.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2014 14:24:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1321387</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Route Selection for a New Transportation System in Hillside Urban Areas: A Case Study in Nagasaki, Japan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/782918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In hillside urban areas (HUA) gradual change in surrounding topography and inability of road environment to cope with these changes hinders the development of an efficient transportation network. Further, high growth of elderly residents in HUA developed into a big problem. In this study, the writers present a potential solution to this problem by examining the possibility of introducing new traffic means (minimonorail) using geographic information systems, taking the case of a hillside urban area in Nagasaki, Japan. The attribute data included gradient, control point, housing density, and distance from the roads, employed to calculate their relative importance using the analytic hierarchy process. These attribute data were converted into a quantitative score and eight possible routes were initially identified based on the spatial distribution of the total scores. Finally, three routes were selected by considering the average score of each route and the local aging rate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jul 2006 08:11:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/782918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RUBBER RESISTANCE: CABLE DAMPING ON MEGAMI BRIDGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/750286</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Its beautiful harbor and the quality of engineering found in its many shipyards have made the Japanese city Nagasaki famous. Discussed in this paper is the new bridge currently under construction that is drawing on both of the above assets and is set to become a major landmark and symbol of Nagasaki. Fittingly for a city with a long history of steel fabrication and shipbuilding, the bridge is being built entirely in steel. Because of the high design wind speeds and frequent typhoons that will affect the bridge, the choice of the dampers is the Gensui damper system that uses high damping rubber elements to absorb the energy generated by cable vibrations. The Gensui system offers high performance at an economic price and is currently the most popular damping system in Japan]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Feb 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/750286</guid>
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