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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>WAYS TO IMPROVE NAVIGATION CONDITIONS ON RIVERS IN REGIONS WITH A SEVERE CLIMATE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On the basis of long-term investigations, recommendations were evolved for improving navigational conditions on hampered stretches of rivers flowing in regions with severe climates. An analysis is presented of the results of researches aimed at improving conditions on the northern rivers of Western Siberia, where the daily temperature averages 0 deg C for a period of 230 days each year and the ice thickness in winter reaches 110 to 150 cm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MARKING OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES, NOVEMBER 1984, AS AMENDED 1987</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/398883</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document comprises an update of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities' recommendations published in 1965. The current guidelines delineate the revised technical requirements for the installation of light and sound signals, identification panels, buoys, and radar beacons to mark offshore structures. The recommendations apply to all structures that extend above the surface of the sea and constitute obstructions to navigation. The document also contains the texts of regulations issued by Norway and the United Kingdom for the marking of offshore structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/398883</guid>
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      <title>MARINE APPROACHES TO U.S. PORTS: A FLEXIBLE AND OBSTRUCTION-FREE SYSTEM IS NEEDED</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/71080</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A controversy between energy and maritime interests over common use of the ocean caused by exploration for oil and gas resources of the Outer Continental Shelf needs prompt resolution.  The Congress should: Authorize the Coast Guard to designate obstruction-free shipping routes on the Outer Continental Shelf.  Require the Coast Guard to relocate or adjust designated shipping routes when necessary for the exploration and development of oil and gas deposits. Authorize the Coast Guard to veto any obstruction to designated shipping routes until the shipping routes can be relocated or adjusted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Jul 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF OBSTRUCTIVE BRIDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1966 the U.S. Coast Guard took over various bridge functions from the Corps of Engineers and one of these functions is the program of altering bridges that obstruct navigable waters. This program requires the Commandant to make a determination if a bridge is an unreasonable obstruction to navigation before he can proceed to have it altered. The primary purpose of this study is to develop criteria that can be used for that determination. A system analysis will be developed where the relevant factors are modeled. A ranking criteria will be established within a decision framework to permit the determination of obstructiveness. This same model can then be used to rank all new cases in order to establish priorities for the Planning, Programming and Budgeting System by updating specific data inputs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 May 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUSH ICE IN THE GREAT LAKES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/37571</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of slush ice and to develop techniques for their measurement. Slush ice is a mixture of fresh water ice and water.  It becomes an impediment to navigation when wind and water current transport the ice fragments into a restricted channel or harbor.  The characteristics of slush ice identified and measured were draft, ice to water ratio (surface aspect only), and ice particle size distribution. Draft was measured using a sonar transducer set on the bottom of a channel and echoing off the underside of the slush ice.  The water to ice ratio was obtained from photographs of slush ice taken from a helicopter.  The ice particle size distribution was obtained by physically measuring ice particles in the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Aug 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>NEW ECONOMIC LIFE FOR THE GREAT LAKES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15946</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the economic significance of the Great Lakes Basin area will be established.  It will be shown that this region is very dependent upon bulk commodity flows and, therefore, the Great Lakes marine transportation industry is a vital link to maintaining the competitive position of this region both nationally and internationally.  The introduction of pelletized ore products which can be shipped during the winter months has made new shipping opportunities available.  Traditionally, the shipping season has been approximately eight months in duration; now a twelve-month season is envisioned.  The problem of overcoming the navigation obstacles were solved through a system approach. Many new operating policies had to be adopted by both private and public organizations.  New technologies were developed and applied through the cooperation of several research organizations, privately owned steamship companies and many governmental agencies.  This paper will trace the history of the season extension program and summarize many of the changes and improvements which have been necessary to attain the goal of season extension on the Great Lakes. Realized and anticipated benefits accrued from the season extension portray the new economic life available for the Great Lakes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15946</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SOME PROBLEMS OF SAFE NAVIGATION OF DEEP DRAFT VESSELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4756</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The presence of sea mounts on the ocean floor presents a hazard to the safe navigation of deep draft vessels.  New sea mounts are being discovered as the oceans are more fully explored.  Some are presented in this paper but more important is the need for adequate echo sounding gear on deep draft vessels and the training of deck officers in the general features of seamounts and how to recognize the danger thru proper interpretation of echo sounder recordings before a casualty occurs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 27 Oct 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4756</guid>
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      <title>MANUAL OF GREAT LAKES ICE FORECASTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4363</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tutorials are presented on history of ice forecasting, thermal regime of the Lakes, physical processes affecting propagation for the purpose of updating and refining aircraft noise measurement standards and improving aircraft noise prediction techniques.  The effort involved acquisition of acoustical, meteorological, aircraft tracking, and aircraft operational data.  The sound source was a Lockheed T-33A aircraft, propelled by a single Allison J33-A-35 turbojet engine, operating at constant thrust in level flight.  Microphones were located near the ground in an array normal to the flight track.  All tests were conducted at the Pendleton Municipal Airport, Pendleton, Oregon during two separate time periods in July and September 1970.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Aug 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4363</guid>
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