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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Statistical analysis of waves’ effects on ship navigation using high-resolution numerical wave simulation and shipboard measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1846741</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The analysis of ocean surface waves is essential to ensure safe navigation. Since 2010, different on-board observation data from bulk carriers, including those navigating high-risk shipping regions in the southern hemisphere with strong ocean currents, have been collected for 6 years. High-resolution numerical simulations of ocean waves for four rough sea cases, considering the effect of wave-current interaction on ship navigation, have been performed using the WAVEWATCH III model. The simulations considered the ocean surface wind force from the widely used reanalysis database of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Final and European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis. To provide practical suggestions for safe navigation by avoiding possible high-risk ocean regions and construct a more effective and efficient optimum ship routing system, the model results were validated based on on-board observations, followed by discussions on the responses of ship motion and navigation to sea states at different levels. Finally, early warning criteria, including various operational ocean parameters for ballast and loaded ships sailing in rough seas were identified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 May 2021 16:21:58 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Operations</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[The Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) is part of a worldwide network created by the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide almost global coverage of volcanic ash eruptions.  The Washington VAAC is a joint collaboration between the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Central Operations (NCO) of the National Weather Service and the Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). The Washington VAAC monitors and tracks airborne volcanic ash and disseminates graphical and text messages to the worldwide aviation community.  This paper discusses the Washington VAAC's services and products, and ash detection methods.  It also presents statistics for six years of its operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2005 10:56:28 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>NOAA's NWS Volcanic Ash Program: Current Status and Plans for the Future</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates four Meteorological Watch Offices (MWO) and two of the world's nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs), and as such, plays an important role in the worldwide volcanic ash network.  The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines the operational responsibilities of the two VAACs.  The National Weather Service's (NWS) Alaska Aviation Weather Unit manages the Anchorage VAAC.  The NWS's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the National Environmental Satellite, and the Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Satellite Analysis Branch jointly manage the Washington VAAC.  All of these centers together are responsible for providing ash dispersion forecasts and volcanic ash advisories for an area that ranges widely from the Pacific Ocean eastward over the United States and much of the Atlantic Ocean.  This presentation explores NOAA's Volcanic Ash Program.  It discusses future plans and the current status in the areas of research and development, operations, and policy development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jun 2005 09:44:15 GMT</pubDate>
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