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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>How Transit Benefits People Who Do Not Ride It: A Conservative Inquiry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/813349</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the benefits accrued to individuals who are not transit riders.  These benefits include the following: conservation of resources, reduction of traffic congestion, increase in property values, monetary savings, and the option of using public transit on an occasional basis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jul 2007 08:21:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>AN EXPLORATION OF TRIANGULATION OF METHODOLOGIES: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY FUSION IN AN INVESTIGATION OF PERCEPTIONS OF TRANSIT SAFETY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/660943</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches to transit research provides an innovative tool in both determining and understanding the needs of users and non-users.  The present work builds upon the usefulness of each method and integrates them in the assessment of non-users' perceptions of transit safety and security.  The results from the quantitative and qualitative studies are examined in the context of integration and comparison and a new concept called triangulation of methodologies is introduced.  Recommendations are made as to how transit agencies might improve the perception of a safe and secure transit environment among non-users.  An epistemological discussion of methodological integration is also provided.  The two methods are in concordance with one another, verifying that people don't use transit because it is inconvenient, not because of safety issues.  However, the triangulation of results produces an enriched data product, with qualitative results expanding motivations behind non-use of transit and quantitative results linking the responses to certain demographic groups and quantifying the results.  Triangulation is an effective research tool which yields a product in which the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.  In addition, a comparison of transit user versus non-user perceptions of transit safety is included to verify if the reasons which non-users gave for not using transit are valid.  In the transit user survey, participants were more concerned about safety than transit non-users.  Transit users would like for the system to be more convenient in aspects of travel time and ease of use, but they were more worried about safety.  Women and seniors were especially worried about their safety while using the system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>JUST-IN-TIME AND THE USE OF TRANSPORTATION BY MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN MANUFACTURERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/410200</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this report, just-in-time (JIT) is defined to mean that physical goods arrive just in time to be used, processed, or transported.  The objectives of the study were to determine (1) the extent to which manufacturers in Minnesota and Wisconsin have adopted the JIT concept for inbound or outbound movements; (2) what kinds of firms can successfully use JIT in terms of their size, plant location, products produced, and type of manufacturing (repetitive or non-repetitive); (3) for those manufacturers that have adopted the JIT philosophy, what their reasons were for doing so and, for non-users of JIT, why they had not done so; and (4) to what extent the assumptions concerning the use of transportation in a JIT environment are supported by the experience of manufacturers in Minnesota and Wisconsin, i.e., what was the effect of their participation in JIT on their use of transportation.  The methodology used in the study was a mail questionnaire sent to a random sample of 281 manufacturers with fifty or more employees in Minnesota and Wisconsin.  The return of usable questionnaires was 97, or 34.5%.  Of these, 29, or 29.9%, were users of JIT.  Ten of the JIT users and ten of the non-users of JIT were interviewed personally on an in-depth basis.  Among the findings are the following:  The motivation for using JIT is often to reduce the amount of inventory held, frequently associated with a co-objective of improving the quality of the products or materials involved.  The assumption that the manufacturer should have control over transportation in JIT systems was generally supported among inbound JIT companies but less so among outbound JIT companies.  The assumption that the adoption of JIT leads to smaller shipment size was partially supported.  As to frequency of shipments, there is evidence that whatever increase in frequency occurred after implementing JIT systems would have happened without JIT.  There is no evidence that the institution of JIT has any effect of shortening the length of haul.  There is no support of the assumption that the adoption of JIT results in a reduction in the number of carriers used.  The modal choices of the JIT firms generally conform to what would be expected of JIT users, although non-users made similar choices. The modes of transportation used by JIT users and non-users were Truckload Common, Truckload Contract, Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) Common, LTL Contract, Air, Water, Pipeline, Railroad, Intermodal Rail-Truck, Supplier's/Customer's Truckload Private, Own Truckload Private, Supplier's/Customer's LTL Private, and Own LTL Private.  Transportation cost increases usually do not occur after JIT is implemented, contrary to what is usually assumed about JIT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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