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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>BASIC MECHANISMS OF NOISE GENERATION BY HELICOPTERS, V/STOL AIRCRAFT AND GROUND EFFECT MACHINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/24308</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The basic mechanisms of noise generation due to mass introduction, applied force and applied stress are discussed with reference to their implications for helicopters, V/STOL aircraft and ground effect machines.  The significance of the dimensional dependence of monopole, dipole and quadrupole fields is shown.  The results of a new theory giving the effects of system accelerations on noise are presented.  This theory is especially relevant to noise problems for these machines because of the centrifugal accelerations associated with many of the noise generating components.  System accelerations give rise to higher order poles in the sound field which become particularly important at high speeds.  An expression for the sound field produced by fluctuating lift and drag forces in a rotating and convected system is given.  As a further example of the application of the general theory the sound field radiated by a hovering helicopter is analyzed.  It is shown how a previously unrecognized source of sound arises from the outward components of force induced by the effects of blade coning angle and lag.  The source of sound has its maximum in the plane of the rotor disc.  The importance of including the proper momentum terms in calculations of noise radiated by moving mass sources is demonstrated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Sep 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE GENERATION, RADIATION AND PREDICTION OF SUPERSONIC JET NOISE. VOLUME I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/88839</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The work presented in this report forms a continuation of the fundamental studies on the generation and radiation of supersonic jet noise, reported in technical reports AFAPL-TR-72-53 (six volumes), AFAPL-TR-74-24, and AFAPL-TR-76-65 (four volumes). The total noise from a supersonic jet is taken to consist of contributions from three independent noise sources: (1) small-scale turbulent mixing noise, (2) noise from large-scale turbulence structure, and (3) shock-associated noise. The generation, radiation and prediction of each of these noise components is described in this report. In addition, the mean and turbulent flow characteristics of heated and unheated, subsonic and supersonic jets, measured by a laser velocimeter system, are also presented. Finally, a computer program for the prediction of jet noise, based on fundamental principles as far as possible at the present time, is presented and described in the form of a user's guide. A complete listing of this computer program is given in the Appendix volume (Volume 11) of this report. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE GENERATION, RADIATION AND PREDICTION OF SUPERSONIC JET NOISE. VOLUME II. APPENDIX. COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/83161</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This appendix volume presents a complete listing of the unified jet noise prediction computer program (UNIJET), developed to predict the total noise from a subsonic or supersonic jet under static conditions. In addition, a listing of the computer program (called INTEG) to predict absolute turbulent mixing noise levels at 90 deg to the jet axis, using laser velocimeter turbulence measurement, is also given. A detailed description of these two programs in the form of a user's guide is given in the main volume of this report. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/83161</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ANALYTICAL STUDIES FOR THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. VOLUME VIII. NOISE ABATEMENT: POLICY ALTERNATIVES FOR TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/75162</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report is a comprehensive discussion of the policy and legal issues involved in Noise Abatement Programs. It includes: information on the distribution of noise in the U.S., the trends in noise generation, the methods of noise measurement. It also provides an analysis of cost/benefit calculations with some illustrative examples.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Aug 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/75162</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BASIC AERODYNAMIC NOISE THEORY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/68386</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present state of knowledge in the theory of aerodynamic noise generation and propagation is outlined, with emphasis on the identification and the physical and analytical modeling of the major sound sources associated with turbulent airflows.  The importance of source coherency with regard to flow inhomogeneities is outlined, and the relevance of studies into the sound propagation from acoustic singularities embedded in a sheared flow is discussed with respect to the jet noise problem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/68386</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAN NOISE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/68389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The nature of aircraft engine fan generated noise is described in terms of both spectral and radiative properties both statically and, where possible, in flight.  Basic concepts and theoretical approaches are considered, including dimensional analysis, and thus features of the sources deduced.  It is found that fans produce both tonal and random noise.  While the sources of the tonal noise are several, they can be defined quite specifically, and consist mainly of regular lift fluctuations created on individual blades by inflowing distortions.  For the exceptional case of supersonic relative velocity, the tonal noise is dominated by the steady pressure field relative to the blade row becoming at high supersonic speeds, a shockwave-expansion pattern.  The significant sources of broad band noise are less well defined but could be produced equally well by self-excited phenomena on blade rows.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/68389</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF FORWARD MOTION ON ENGINE NOISE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69486</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Methods used to determine a procedure for correcting static engine data for the effects of forward motion are described. Data were analyzed from airplane flyover and static-engine tests with a JT8D-109 low-bypass-ratio turbofan engine installed on a DC-9-30, with a CF6-6D high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine installed on a DC-10-10, and with a JT9D-59A high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine installed on a DC-10-40. The observed differences between the static and the flyover data bases are discussed in terms of noise generation, convective amplification, atmospheric propagation, and engine installation. The results indicate that each noise source must be adjusted separately for forward-motion and installation effects and then projected to flight conditions as a function of source-path angle, directivity angle, and acoustic range relative to the microphones on the ground.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69486</guid>
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      <title>METROPOLITAN AIRCRAFT NOISE ABATEMENT POLICY STUDY-CAPE KENNEDY REGIONAL AIRPORT, MELBOURNE, FLORIDA. TECHNICAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/49308</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is an analysis of the relationship between noise generated by aircraft operations and the use of affected land surrounding the John F. Kennedy Regional Airport in Melbourne, Florida.  It includes a presentation of current land use information and the prospects for change. Proposals have been developed to encourage and enable the local governments involved to achieve compatible development through cooperative intergovernmental measures: comprehensive planning, capital improvement programming, mapping, zoning, annexation, land acquisition.  The ecological impact is considered in a separate section.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Sep 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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