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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>STRESS CONCENTRATION AT EXTERNAL NOTCHES IN MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO AXIAL LOADINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/102098</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PRINCIPAL OBJECT OF THIS STUDY WAS THE DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE VARIOUS GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS CHARACTERIZING THE PROFILES OF PROJECTING NOTCHES ON THE ASSOCIATED STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS. IN PARTICULAR, NOTCHES WITH CIRCULAR TRANSITION CURVES OCCURRING SYMMETRICALLY IN A RECTANGULAR BAR SUBJECTED TO AXIAL LOADING ARE CONSIDERED. THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS USED ACCOMPLISHES THE STUDY INDIRECTLY BY CONSIDERING THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON THE MAGNITUDE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE SHEARING STRESSES ALONG THE BASE SECTION OF A PROJECTING NOTCH. AS A PRELIMINARY STEP, THE STRESSES ALONG SELECTED SECTIONS IN A PROJECTING NOTCH IN A HALF- PLANE WERE OBTAINED USING A SOLUTION GIVEN BY H. NEUBER. USING THESE DATA AND A SOLUTION FOR THE STRESSES IN A RECTANGULAR BAR RESULTING FROM SURFACE STRESS LOADS /DUE TO L.N.G. FILON/, IT IS SHOWN THAT THE MAXIMUM LONGITUDINAL STRESS ALONG THE BASE SECTION OF A PROJECTING NOTCH IS PRODUCED PRIMARILY BY THE SHEARING STRESS COMPONENT ALONG THE BASE SECTION. THE EFFECT OF THE NORMAL STRESS COMPONENT ALONG THE SAME SECTION IS SHOWN TO BE NEGLIGIBLE. THIS HAS LED TO THE OBSERVATION THAT THE MAXIMUM STRESS IN A PROJECTING NOTCH MAY BE REASONABLY APPROXIMATED BY THE LONGITUDINAL STRESS IN A PLAIN RECTANGULAR BAR SUBJECTED TO AN AXIAL LOAD AND A SURFACE-SHEAR STRESS LOADING OF THE PROPER MAGNITUDE AND DISTRIBUTION. USING THE RESULTS OF THE EQUIVALENT SURFACE-SHEAR LOAD METHOD, WHICH APPROXIMATES THE STRESS-RAISING ACTION OF A PROJECTING NOTCH, A PROCEDURE WAS DEVELOPED FOR ESTABLISHING A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR AND THE GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS CHARACTERIZING THE PROFILE OF PROJECTING NOTCHES. THE PROCEDURE DEVELOPED ALLOWS THE EXTENSION OF RESULTS OF CALCULATIONS FOR A RELATIVELY FEW CASES TO A WIDER RANGE OF VALUES OF THE GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS. THE RESULTING RELATIONSHIPS, OBTAINED FOR THE CASE OF NEUBERS NOTCHES AND ALSO FOR IDEALIZED PROJECTING NOTCHES /IN WHICH THE STRESSES WERE OBTAINED USING A FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION/, PROVIDE A CLEAR INDICATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE VARIOUS PARAMETERS CONSIDERED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/102098</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOCAL CORROSION RESISTANCE STEELS WITH HIGH STRENGTH, BETTER LOW- TEMPERATURE NOTCH TOUGHNESS AND WELDABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397543</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors studied the effects of microstructures and alloying elements on local corrosion of 60 kgf/sq mm class high strength steels in seawater, and determined the requirements for preventing local corrosion.  Based on the results, they developed 60 kgf/sq mm class high strength steels for icebreakers with a high base metal notch toughness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397543</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRAIN-CYCLE FATIGUE OF SHEET AND PLATE STEELS III: TESTS OF NOTCHED SPECIMENS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189773</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effect of steel grade on reversals to crack initiation in notched specimens 2N sub i essentially reflected differences in tensile strength. The higher strength grades (B80RK,RQC100) required a greater value of the notch parameter K sub f delta S for a given 2N Sub i than the lower strength grades (1020,A36,B40P0). Stress ratio R had a significant effect on 2N Sub i with 2N sub i increasing as R decreased from 0 to -1. The various predictive models studied (local strain, nominal stress, empirical) gave similar results in terms of the variability in estimates of 2N Sub i and the relation between the predicted and observed values.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 May 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189773</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDIES ON THE EVALUATION OF CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION LIFE ON NOTCHED STEEL PLATE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/86716</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the ballast tank of oil tanker and offshore structures, corrosion damage caused by the sea water and fatigue damage occurring by wave-induced forces are induced simultaneously. So the fatigue cracks are often initiated in the members of such structures, even if stress lower than the fatigue limit in the air acts on those in the sea water.  In this study, fatigue crack initiation life N sub c of a notched steel plate subjected to pulsating tensile load in the air or sea water was analyzed theoretically by applying Neuber's rule with stress-strain function D proposed by Topper et al as a parameter of damage.  Experiments were carried out with notched plate specimens, of which the elastic stress concentration factor K sub t were varied from 1.0 to 6.0, under pulsating tensile loading fatigue test in order to verify the theoretical analysis.  The completely reversed strain controlled fatigue test was conducted with a smooth round-bar specimen in consideration of a reversed stress state induced at the notch root under pulsating tensile loading.  Results of pulsating tensile loading fatigue test of the notched specimen were in a good agreement with theoretical values evaluated with stress-strain function from completely reversed strain-controlled fatigue test results.  The corrosion effect factor K sub c of notched specimen was expressed as an exponential function of corrosion time T sub c corresponding to N sub c irrespective of K sub t value, and the K sub c of smooth specimen was less than that of notched specimen because of the difference of corrosion action.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/86716</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MULTIAXIAL STRESS-STRAIN APPROXIMATIONS FOR NOTCH FATIGUE BEHAVIORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/59115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of the fatigue notch factor k sub f Neuber's rule is shown to be identical in the elastic range to the assumption of the Hookian stress concentration factor K sub t, a multiaxial stress state, and a maximum principal strain criterion for fatigue life.  The adequacy of assuming the fatigue notch factor K sub f is demonstrated for mild notches.  Arguments are presented in favor of assuming a multiaxial stress state at the notch for highly constrained notches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/59115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF POST-TENSIONING CABLES TO STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/47925</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Post-tensioning cables having ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 270 ksi (1862 MPa) and satisfying ASTM Standard A-416 were stressed to 80 to 95 percent UTS and exposed to 3.5 percent sodium chloride and saturated calcium hydroxide solutions, where pH values ranged from 8 to 12.5.  After 900 hours, since no failures were experienced, cables were forced to rupture.  No appreciable reduction in strength resulted, except in cables that were artificially notched (strength losses were not due to corrosion).  However, rapid failure at 95 percent UTS occurred when cables were immersed in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution where pH values ranged from 1 to 2.  Time-to-failure at pH 2 averaged about 100 hours, whereas at pH 1 time-to-failure was about 1 hour.  /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jun 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/47925</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY ON ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOR AND FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF NOTCHED PLATE TENSILE SPECIMEN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/24886</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Elasto-plastic behavior for both center notched and side notched plate specimens were studied as a first step toward prediction of fracture.  Elasto-plastic analysis by finite element method and brittle coating were used to approach the problem.  At each stress level, brittle coating cracks formed at high strain range showing contours of equal strain were in good agreement with the predicted shape using the finite element method.  Fracture test results on both center notched and side notched specimens were compared.  And they were discussed on the basis of elasto-plastic analysis. From examination of the properties of matrices, it was made clear that a computed result for a given condition of a specimen can directly be applied to obtain a solution in a different state if (i) geometric similarity exists in specimens; (ii) the Young's modulus and strain hardening coefficient are varied while the ratio between the two is kept constant; (iii) yield stress is varied in specimens.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Dec 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/24886</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CRACKED BODIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/9207</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing application of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics in the fields of fracture safe design and the investigation of structural failures has increased the need to determine stress intensity factors for practical structural configurations. The report presents a method of estimating stress intensity factors for two dimensional cracked bodies using finite element methods which will give results of sufficient accuracy for general engineering purposes and avoid the high costs associated with using larger computer systems.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/9207</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF NOTCH ON DUCTILE FRACTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/6405</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present work is an attempt towards a proper understanding of the fracture mechanics of ductile materials.  Experiments were carried out to find the notch ductility of four materials: stainless steel, brass, copper, (all annealed) and mild steel (normalized).  The crack propagation takes place when the strain just ahead of the crack reaches a critical value.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 20 Oct 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/6405</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CORROSION FATIGUE STRENGTH IN WELD METAL AND H.A.Z. OF HIGH STEEL WELDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4817</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the corrosion fatigue properties in weld metal and heat-affected zone of butt welded joints of high strength steels in order to investigate reduction of their respective fatigue strengths in saline water.  The tested materials are two kinds of 50 kg/sq. mm class high strength steel (A-steel is ordinary steel, B-steel atmosphere-resistant steel) and 60 kg/sq. mm class high strength steel (C-steel, quenched and tempered steel). From the test results, it is clear that the fatigue strength in 3 percent saline water on the weldment of A-steel is lower in the heat-affected zone than in the base metal while it is almost even in each zone of the weldment of B- or C-steel. The lower fatigue strength in 3 percent saline water in the heat-affected zone of A-steel is due to the high sensitivity of the notches such as corrosion pits in comparison with other steels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4817</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF WARM PRESTRESSING ON THE BRITTLE FRACTURE OF STRUCTURES CONTAINING SHARP DEFECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/97276</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE LOW-TEMPERATURE FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED NOTCHED BARS HAS BEEN STUDIED. THE FRACTURE STRESS WAS GENERALLY BELOW THE PRESTRESS LEVEL OWING TO THE INFLUENCE OF REVERSE PLASTIC FLOW AT THE NOTCH TIP ON UNLOADING. WHEN REVERSE PLASTIC FLOW WAS PREVENTED, LOW-TEMPERATURE FRACTURE OCCURRED AT STRESS LEVELS IN EXCESS OF THE PRESTRESS LEVEL. THE BENEFITS OF PRESTRESSING ARE INTERPRETED IN TERMS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF PLASTIC ZONES RATHER THAN THE INFLUENCE OF RESIDUAL STRESSES. THE INFLUENCE OF AGING AND HIGHER STRAIN RATES ON THE FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED SPECIMENS IS ALSO STUDIED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 Jan 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/97276</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAILURE ANALYSIS. THEORY AND PRACTICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/370</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The failure problem is first defined in terms of relative ductility prior to fracture as contrasted to the ductility associated with the fracturing process directly. Subsequently, the effects of temperature and stress state - considered as the two most significant factors in brittle behavior - are discussed in detail particularly in light of their effects on the various modes of fracture. Correlations between specimens and/or specimens and prototypes are associated with the nature of the fracture mode.  The significance of notched specimens is shown to stem from the marked influence the notches have on the stress state, tending to produce a hydrostatic tension field.  A number of materials evaluation tests are described which provide the designer with procedures for adequate safeguards against failure.  ( Author )]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Nov 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/370</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BENDING DEFLECTIONS AND MOMENTS IN A NOTCHED BEAM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5248</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Simplified one-dimensional field equations describing the dynamic deflections of a notched beam are developed using an elastodynamic variational principle, and solved approximately by the normal mode technique.  The assumptions involved in the approximate solution are investigated in detail, and are shown to be justified with the aid of some recently obtained results concerning the stability of notched columns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Sep 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/5248</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETES IN THE FACTORY NOTCH STRENGTH TESTS /IN FRENCH/</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/99538</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE USE OF THE NOTCH STRENGTH TEST TO FACILITATE THE PRODUCTION CONTROL OF CONCRETE IN THE FACTORY IS DISCUSSED. AND THE NEED FOR CALIBRATION CURVES FOR THE VARIOUS TYPES OF CONCRETE TESTED IS EMPHASIZED. PHOTOELASTIC METHODS AND DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS ON CYLINDRICAL SAMPLES HAVE SHOWN A CERTAIN DIVERGENCE BETWEEN THE REAL AND THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION OF STRESSES. FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE IN THE FACTORY, PRISMATIC SAMPLES ARE RECOMMENDED, AS IT IS POSSIBLE TO CARRY OUT SEVERAL TESTS ON ONE SAMPLE. FOR A CLEARLY DEFINED CONCRETE TYPE AND WITH THE USE OF PRE- ESTABLISHED CALIBRATION CURVES, IT IS POSSIBLE FROM NOTCH STRENGTH TEST RESULTS TO DEDUCE THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, TENSILE STRENGTH, FLEXURAL STRENGTH, ETC. THIS METHOD ENABLES SAMPLE AND TEST COSTS TO BE GREATLY REDUCED. /LCPC(A)/RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Aug 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/99538</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURE TESTS ON A1 STEEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110320</link>
      <description><![CDATA[RESULTS OBTAINED IN TESTS ON NOTCHED TENSION BARS ARE REVIEWED AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DESIGN AND BEHAVIOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES IS CONSIDERED. BOTH STRAIN RATE AND TEMPERATURE ARE EMPHASIZED AS IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS. SERVICE STRAIN RATES ARE REPORTED FOR A NUMBER OF STRUCTURES. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT ACCEPTANCE TESTS BE CARRIED OUT AT AN APPROPRIATE STRAIN RATE AS WELL AS TEMPERATURE FOR THE PARTICULAR STRUCTURE IN VIEW. VARIOUS TRANSITION TEMPERATURES ARE CONSIDERED. THE TRANSITION OF GREATEST PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE APPEARS TO BE THAT FROM LOCAL YIELD AND FRACTURE TO GENERAL YIELD. HIGH NOMINAL STRESS LEVELS MAY BE NECESSARY FOR BRITTLE FRACTURE. THESE MAY RESULT FROM THE PRESENCE OF SECONDARY STRESSES, STRESS CONCENTRATIONS, RESIDUAL STRESS AND IMPACT. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110320</guid>
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