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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>RECOMMENDED METHODS OF REPORTING WELD METAL HYDROGEN CONTENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/64874</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An evaluation is made of a method, used for electrode classificaiton purposes, of reporting weld metal hydrogen contents based on deposited metal.  It is recommended that for comparing processes and predicting procedures, a different basis of reporting be used which more closely approximates true concentrations.  To avoid possible confusion between hydrogen levels reported on a deposited metal basis and the more accurate representation of concentration on a fused metal basis, two different sets of units are recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/64874</guid>
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      <title>FLUOR INTRODUCES AUTOMATIC WELDING MACHINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/38548</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This automatic pipe welding machine based on the Bauer process, a patented application of gas metal arc (GMA or MIG), can be adapted to all position welding on laybarge, rack or cross-country pipelines.  The machine has passed an acceptance test of 10 successive API 1104 quality welds on each of 12, 10, 8 and 6-inch diameter pipe, all with schedule 80 wall thickness.  On the basis of the testing results, an estimate of welding rates obtainable with this type of welding equipment on conventional barges has been prepared.  The slowest welding rates recorded during the acceptance tests conducted at Sciaky Brothers' plant in March 1973 were taken as the base rate for the automatic welding equipment.  This base rate assumes that the end of each electrode used is clipped prior to each pass, that two fill passes are made simultaneously on pipe diameters from 16 through 24-inch, and 3 fill passes are made simultaneously on pipe diameters of 30 through 60-inch.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE PROPERTIES OF UNDERWATER WELDED MILD STEEL AND HIGH STREINGTH STEEL JOINTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/11140</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This thesis is divided into two parts, the first being an investigation into the multipass underwater welding of mild steel, and the second an investigation into the feasibility of underwater welding HY-80 steel.  With the former, current underwater shielded metal-arc welding technology was employed, while with the latter, current shielded metal-arc air welding technology was adapted to underwater welding.  Multipass underwater mild steel welds are very often required and are commonly employed during underwater repair and salvage operations.  However the physics, and even the basic properties of multipass welding are not well known.  Experimental results showed that multipass underwater butt welds can be fabricated with marginally satisfactory tensile and impact strength. It appears that weld metal embrittlement due to rapid quenching causes the weld metal to become most susceptible to brittle fracture.  This is significantly different from air welding, where the heat affected zone is more susceptible to brittle fracture.  There are presently a substantial number of naval vessels afloat with all or part of their hull structure fabricated with HY-80 steel. However no investigation has been made into the feasibility of welding HY-80 underwater in order to perform voyage repairs or carry out salvage operations.  Simple lap and tee joints were fabricated underwater from HY-80 steel of various thicknesses, and tests conducted to determine joint strength and ductility as well as overall weld quality.  Both single and multipass joints were fabricated. It was found that acceptable joints could be fabricated, with joint performance comparable to that of underwater welded mild steel joints.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Nov 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/11140</guid>
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      <title>CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF MULTIPASS FILLET WELD IN HY 80 TYPE HT70 STEELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5124</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cruciform-shaped and tee-shaped weld cracking tests were performed to make clear the effects of different conditions on the cracking behavior of multipass fillet weld in eight of HY 80 type HT70 steels developed in Japan.  In the cruciform-shaped weld cracking test under severe welding conditions, a few test steels developed various welding cracks including a crack in the heat-affected zone originating from the weld root, which has seemingly been caused by hydrogen.  These cracks could be prevented by application of a high preheat and interpass temperature and adoption of a fully re-dried coated electrode.  In steel U38 having a particularly high carbon equivalent and great plate thickness among the test steels, even under this crack-preventive condition the heat-affected zone developed a crack originating from the weld root, which was considered a hot crack due to liquefaction of constituents on the grain boundary.  In the tee-shaped weld cracking test on two test steels which was carried out under as severe welding condition as the cruciform-shaped weld cracking test, development of welding cracks with great similarity in microscopic nature was observed.  It was revealed that these cracks would not occur in single-pass welding, except under severe restraint; it did occur in two or more passes and the time of crack occurrence differed depending on the welding conditions.  In Japanese.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Jul 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/5124</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PROPERTIES OF THE METAL OF THE HEAT AFFECTED ZONE IN MARAGING STEELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/11723</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the welding of heat-treated (quenched plus aged) maraging steel, softening of the HAZ metal occurs under the action of the welding thermal cycle.  The degree of softening is almost independent of arc power for welding with a linear heat input in the range 1000 to 8000 cal/cm, because under these conditions the process of softening is governed mainly by the temperature.  In multipass welds there is increase of the strength of the softened HAZ metal as a result of further aging through deposition of the subsequent beads and the effect of contact hardening of the soft interlayer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jan 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/11723</guid>
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