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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS. PART I. INSTALLATION OF TEST FACILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/88628</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report deals with the selection of a test site, the design of a test installation, equipment selection, the installation and start-up of a pneumatic pipeline system for the transportation of tunnel muck. A review of prior pneumatic applications (Appendix A) provided knowledge on the state-of-the-art and a basic background for the design of the test equipment and development of a tentative test program. A suitable site was found four miles from the campus, and the site was prepared, equipment ordered, installed, and checked-out. The installation comprises a muck preparation unit, blower-feeder assembly, two telescoping pipes in series, 500 ft. of 10-inch diameter pipe with a vertical lift of 160 ft. on a 27 degree slope. The test unit is a full scale 100 ton per hour pneumatic transport system in a configuration suitable for application in a tunnel and capable of being extended under load to simulate service requirements. The test system developed has the capability to transport 100 tons/per hour of rock through a 10 inch pipeline approximately 550 feet long with vertical lift of 160 feet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/88628</guid>
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      <title>SPEEDY MUCKING OUT IS KEY TO TBM SUCCESS ON MANHATTAN SUBWAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/172387</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In late 1978, a $186 million contract to construct the last section in Manhattan of the new East 63 Street subway line to Queens was awarded by the Transit Authority.  It was decided to drive the tunnel with a Robbins tunnel boring machine and an effective mucking out system was evolved. The article discusses various aspects of the project, with emphasis on the haulage system designed to remove spoil from the tunnel efficiently.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/172387</guid>
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      <title>THE ADVANCE OF THE AUTOMATIC MOLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167367</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Britain's tunneling technology has been outdistanced by foreign competition, particularly developments by Japanese engineers.  Japan constructs more tunnels of all types than any other nation and has refined soft ground tunneling machines to the point where an unmanned Tele-Mole can be controlled from the surface laser targeting and TV monitoring.  The result is tunneling cheaper and safer than ever before.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 12 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167367</guid>
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      <title>MUCK UTILIZATION IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION TUNNELING PROCESS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69790</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to develop a workable approach to muck utilization for transit tunnels, including cut and cover construction, in the urban area. This report presents the results of a detailed investigation into the potential for muck utilization in the urban transportation tunneling process, and it documents the necessary technical and planning procedures that may be used to evaluate its utilization. This report provides transportation system planners and engineers with the necessary information to use more efficiently the earth and rock materials produced during excavation for transportation tunnels and large excavations. Six guideline steps for muck utilization planning are presented as well as the selection of a Muck Utilization Coordinating Committee (MUCC) for implementing these guideline steps. The muck utilization planning concepts were investigated for three U.S. cities (case studies): Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; and Baltimore, Maryland. Additionally, a trial case study of the muck utilization guidelines was made for the Baltimore Rapid Transit System.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69790</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MATERIALS HANDLING RESEARCH FOR TUNNELLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72842</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent research at the Colorado School of Mines has focused on the materials handling problem of muck haulage in rapid transit tunnels.  For the muck rates projected within the next decade, high-volume transportation modes will be required.  Hydraulic and pneumatic pipelines appear attractive as high capacity haulage systems serving a confined space.  Slurry pipelines are examined here in detail with special reference to muck preparation, extensible conveyor systems, slurry pipelining, and slurry dewatering.  Pipeline efficiency and reliability depend on a controlled particle size and distribution.  Therefore, some crushing of the muck will be necessary.  A simple means for temporarily extending the transport system between muck preparation and slurry pipeline is necessary for high capacity-continuous operation.  Assuming that the slurry water is recycled to the tunnel face, dewatering schemes must be considered.  Technical feasibility is demonstrated in these areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/72842</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>URBAN RAIL TUNNELING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM DIGEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163373</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Following a four-fold increase in urban tunnel construction costs during the 1970s, subway building now will cost up to $100 million per mile in congested urban areas.  UMTA is seeking ways to control and reduce expenditures for urban tunneling and has conducted a research and development program aimed at these objectives.  This booklet has individual chapters dealing with each of the major facets of the R&D program: Cost estimating; socioeconomic and environmental impacts; contracting and management; construction monitoring; subsurface exploration; ground-support systems; excavation technology and muck transport; design and construction guidelines; lining and support systems.  A glossary and bibliography of pertinent UMTA reports are also included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163373</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MUCKING OUT -- SOME EQUIPMENT YOU COULD USE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/147254</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Getting the muck out of a tunnel calls for organization and efficiency -- whether the bore is large or small.  A careless spoil removal operation brings nothing but trouble for the tunneller, retarding advance rates, pushing up costs and wasting valuable manpower.  There are many ways of doing the job and a variety of equipment to consider for efficient, economical operations.  This article discusses some currently available equipment that has proved effective on part projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/147254</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS. PART II. TEST PROGRAM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/88629</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study is the final phase of a muck pipeline program begun in 1973. The objective of the study was to evaluate a pneumatic pipeline system for muck haulage from a tunnel excavated by a tunnel boring machine. The system was comprised of a muck preparation unit, solids feeder and air blower, telescoping pipes and 500 feet of 10-inch diameter pipe. The system transported up to 100tph of simulated tunnel muck with maximum sizes ranging from 1/2 inch to more than 3 inches. The system components were tested for reliability and flexibility, wear and maintenance requirements, capacity, noise and dust levels, effect of moisture content, extensibility, and power requirements. The system was found to be low in capital cost, easy to operate, and readily extensible. The pneumatic pipeline was power-intensive and susceptible to elbow wear. For the pneumatic transport of coarse muck, moisture content was more important than particle size. Noise levels were high at the blower and muck preparation unit but could be reduced in actual practice. The system was found to be reliable except for the elbow wear.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/88629</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE TRANSPORTATION OF TUNNEL MUCK BY PIPELINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/70011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The view reflected herein is that if the advancement of the technology of muck removal does not keep pace with advances in tunneling machine technology, muck removal can become the limiting constraint on the forward movement of the tunnel face, and hence on the growth of tunneling. The objective of this study is to advance the technology of tunnel excavation by increasing the rate of muck removal from the tunnel face. The highlights in this report are on muck haulage systems by pipeline, and the emphasis is on investigating better techniques and technology, rather than costs. This report updates muck quantities and to some extent muck quality (in terms of its hardness and geology). Crushing equipment is examined as is extensible conveyor belt equipment. A survey of extensible equipment is made to aid in suggesting approaches for their application in tunnels to pipeline muck haulage. Recent headloss data for coarse slurries are presented for the hydraulic muck haulage system. Consideration is given to a jet pump eductor for feeding a centrifugal pump from a mixing tank. A more compact and less expensive dewatering system is also analyzed. Appendixes A through D provide background material for the systems and concepts herein and include: Pneumatic Pipeline Systems, CONOCO-CONSOL System, Dewatering Equipment, and Coal Hoisting in the U.K. A previous and related study, 'Pneumatic-Hydraulic Material Transport System for the Rapid Excavation of Tunnels' (DOT-TSC-75-17), suggested a transportation system for muck haulage with a pneumatic pipeline or a slurry pipeline.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Aug 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/70011</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HYDRAULIC TRANSPORTATION AND SOLIDS SEPARATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS IN TUNNELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57118</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hydraulic transportation of tunnel muck can be safe and economical; however, it is not in wide use except in Twin Cities area of Minnesota.  There, it was developed along with hydraulic cutting for tunneling in the weak St. Peter sandstone.  This combination has produced some of the lowest cost urban civil works tunnels in the United States.  Most of the system used in the St. Peter sandstone could be used in soils and various soft rocks of other areas.  It is the objective of this research project to increase the use of hydraulic transportation for tunnel muck by documenting the system which is now in use and by developing solids-water separation methods which will make the system compatible with the urban environment.  Systems for solids-water separation have been designed based on tests at the laboratory scale.  Three basic systems are proposed: discharge into public waters, disposal into sanitary sewers or re-use in the tunneling operation.  These systems would added about thirty dollars per lineal foot of tunnel (8 ft ID) for a total cost of about $630.  The system for re-use of the water will be tested in the field at full scale. /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57118</guid>
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