<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Full-Scale Testing and Stringer Connection Fatigue Analysis of a Historical Swiss Military Bridge for the Rhaetian Railway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1992942</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The stringer connections of a historical “Model 1936” Swiss military bridge are investigated through a full-scale field-testing program, with the aim of clarifying modeling uncertainties and enabling a standard fatigue analysis for practicing engineers. Due to global bending, axial tension forces arise in the bridge’s stringers, which were not considered in original dimensioning. In contrast to historical steel bridges with typical riveted connections, Fritz Stüssi designed the “Model 1936” military bridge with custom bolts and nuts. Unlike rivets, these custom bolts and nuts can accommodate prestressing and enhance connection stiffness and thereby encourage potential fatigue problems. Field tests with strain measurements along the stringer beams themselves were used to determine bending moment profiles and connection stiffness parameters, and to calibrate a static model of the bridge. Following the nominal stress method with a standard load model, a basic finite-element analysis indicates that the stress range in the bridge’s stringer connections lies within the prescribed fatigue limits from standards. The implementation of a five-year periodic inspection plan further ensures the bridge’s safe use and long-term integrity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Sep 2022 09:10:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1992942</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LRFD Approach for Load Rating U.S. Army-Owned Bridges That Require Engineering Judgment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1989264</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As part of their 2020 Biennial Inspection Program, the U.S. Army is conducting a load rating effort for its bridges located at military installations throughout the United States. To date, 201 structures at 26 army bases are being evaluated for both civilian and military vehicles. Seventy-two of these structures are reinforced concrete bridges with unknown reinforcement which must therefore be rated using engineering judgment. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) Manual for Bridge Evaluation provides guidance for these structures when the live loads are civilian vehicles. For army-owned bridges, however, an allowable military load classification must also be determined. A procedure called “correlation classification” is currently used to determine the proper military load classification for a particular bridge. The current procedure, however, is based on the allowable stress method. To allow the use of load resistance factor design (LRFD), a new correlation equation and methodology using LRFD principles was developed. The methodology, however, requires the load rater to incorporate knowledge about the bridge into the load rating process. For older bridges with lighter design vehicles, and low the average daily traffic bridges, the correlation concept was also used to determine if a posting was required for state legal and emergency vehicles. This exercise demonstrated that the current correlation equation can be successfully modified to incorporate LRFD principles and applied to determine the military load classification for reinforced concrete structures that require engineering judgment. The application of the new correlation equation is illustrated with two examples: a reinforced concrete beam bridge and a box culvert.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 09:07:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1989264</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Influence of Mounting Holes Position on the Stresses Distribution in the Steel Girders of Non-standard Fixed Bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1464940</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a concept of span structure of a military bridge in which screws were used in assembly of sway braces. This type of sway braces assembly requires holes in main girders that weaken their structure. Especially holes located in the stretch zone of these girders can become a place of stress concentration, and very soon can become a place of fatigue crack initiation. The paper presents also an optimization of the location and size of the mounting holes in the steel girders of non-standard fixed bridges due to their impact on the final durability and stability of structures. To numerical analysis, there was normal IPN 400 steel I-beam adopted with a total length equal to 5.60 m. The analysed issue was related to the optimization of the structures, namely the location of the mounting holes – specifically to their endurance. The analysis showed that the location of the holes according to the proposed in this article scheme it seems to be also the optimal solution. The obtained conclusions apply to both steel I-beams and C-sections with heights ranging from 300 to 500 mm, as the most commonly used for the construction of non-standard fixed bridges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Apr 2017 10:39:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1464940</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of the numerical methods to assessment of the fatigue life of steel military bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1309489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article proposes a method for predicting the fatigue life of steel bridges based on a numerical model. Being able to predict the residual life of a damaged bridge expressed as the number of load cycles facilitates undertaking the right decisions on the time and scope of the necessary repairs. This research confirmed the applicability of the displacement correlation technique (DCT) for determination of the fatigue crack propagation rate in steel military bridges. The results of fatigue strength calculations carried out for the analyzed bridge were compared with the results obtained with the other techniques available in FRANC2D program and with the laboratory results. The software program FRANC2D was found useful in analyzing the phenomenon of crack propagation in steel bridges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2014 10:18:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1309489</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identifying Magnitudes and Locations of Loads on Slender Beams with Welded and Bolted Joints Using Strain Gauge–Based Force Transducers with Application to a Portable Army Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A strain gauge–based force transducer methodology has been developed to identify magnitudes and locations of loads on noncontinuous, nonhomogeneous, slender beams with welded and bolted joints. Slopes of bending moment curves on two sides of a load are calculated from measured strains on a beam. Four uniaxial strain gauges are mounted to the bottom surface of the beam, with two strain gauges on each side of the load, to form a force transducer. A previously developed calibration method can be used to account for discrepancies between theoretical and actual scaling factors. Four or more force transducers are needed for calibration in this work. The force transducer methodology is experimentally validated on a continuously tapered aluminum beam with a series of welded joints, a half-aluminum and half-steel beam with two different cross sections and a bolted joint, and a full-scale portable Army bridge at the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Mar 2014 11:31:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Structural performance and health monitoring of military composite smart bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1221712</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Nov 2012 14:07:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1221712</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Innovative Designs for Rapid Construction of Military Bridge Systems Using Vanadium Containing High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA-V) Steel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1122176</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Army maintains a number of “line of communication” bridge types in order to ensure critical sustainment is uninterrupted along military supply routes. These bridges are considered to be “fixed” or “semi-permanent” and the designs are classified as standard (panel) and non-standard, e.g. Army Facilities Components Systems (AFCS). The AFCS bridges consist of a series of simply supported spans of lengths up to 60 ft while panel bridges are suitable for spans up to 200 ft. Both types are designed for military vehicles that do not meet current requirements, especially for the longer span designs. In addition, the volume and weights of these materials, and the need to build intermediate piers when longer gaps or heavier loads are encountered, often preclude their rapid deployment, and thus their use. A research study that was recently completed at the University of South Carolina in collaboration with the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory has identified the need of the U.S. Army for bridges which can span long gaps and are readily deployable, as well as the leveraging benefits of using Vanadium-containing High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA-V) steel in bridge applications. This relatively new steel grade is the result of research and development efforts initiated by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the United States Navy in the early 1990’s to improve the performance of high strength steel. The primary motivation for developing HSLA steels was the need for a high strength-to-weight ratio material that is easier to weld, exhibits a higher toughness, and is more resistant to the effects of corrosion than previous high strength steels. In recent years, these high performance steels have become an economical alternative for the design and fabrication of steel girders for civilian applications. However, the benefits of the HSLA-V material have been underutilized for military bridge applications, despite the demonstrated demand for heavier design loads, longer spans and rapid construction and replacement. Continuing research activities at the University of South Carolina have resulted to the development of a military bridge system that utilizes HSLA-V grade 70 steel in an innovative manner as the faceplates for a sandwich plate box girder bridge that can readily be assembled in 40 ft lengths by bolting. The proposed design is modular and suitable for single spans of overall length between 40 and 200 feet accommodating all current military design vehicles, including extreme military vehicle loads, in one or two traffic lane configurations. The system is developed and optimized based on advanced computer simulations that account for various load cases and geometry configurations. The proposed bridge adopts the “bridge in a box” concept and is suitable for rapid construction. This poster presentation demonstrates the design concepts and presents the technical details of the newly developed military bridge system for potential deployment as a Nonstandard Fixed bridge.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Nov 2011 14:51:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1122176</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Load Test and Load Rating of an Innovative Recycled Plastic Lumber (RPL) Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1093309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) bridge team evaluated the world’s first thermoplastic composite bridge to determine the appropriate military load classification (MLC) and civilian load rating of the structure. Live-load tests were conducted on bridge T-8518 located on Tuckers Road in Camp Mackall near Fort Bragg, NC. The bridge was designed to be capable of supporting loads exceeding 70 tons and to replace a dilapidated wood timber bridge, which was limited to a maximum load of 4.7 tons.  An initial load testing was required to obtain the responses of the bridge to the live loads in order to determine its load capacity ratings to establish if the recycled plastic lumber (RPL) structure could safely carry an M1 tank.  Results from the load test were used for the numerical evaluations using a finite-element analysis (FEA) of the entire superstructure. Both field data and FEA results were reasonably accurate. The RPL bridge generally performed in a normal linear-elastic manner, relatively small visco-elastic responses were observed with the heavier M1 tank. This study is used to describe the behavior of RPL bridge under a civilian and military moving load and to provide structural performance information.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 May 2011 10:51:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1093309</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Plastics challenge traditional thinking for bridge building</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1083021</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Dec 2010 13:58:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1083021</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>M-2 Bailey Bridge (M2BB) Palletization Test Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/863415</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report addresses the M-2 Bailey Bridge Palletization Test conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer School at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri from 7 to 12 April 1997. The objectives of this test were to verify the feasibility of the M2BB Palletization Flatrack Load Configurations using M1/M1077 PLS Flatracks and to assure that these loads could be uploaded, downloaded, transloaded, and transported safely. The test was conducted successfully and its results showed that the M2BB Palletization Flatrack Load Configurations can be used effectively and safely. Loading and tiedown procedures for palletization were documented in detail during the test. These procedures will be incorporated into the M-2 Bailey Bridge manual.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 08:27:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/863415</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Light-Weight Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Deck Panels for Extreme Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/860722</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Currently within the military there is a need for a universal light-weight bridge deck system capable of supporting extreme loads over a wide temperature range. This research presents the development, testing, and analysis of 5 different fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) webbed core deck panels. The performance of the FRP webbed decks are compared with an existing aluminum deck and with a baseline balsa core system, which has previously been tested as part of the development of the composite army bridge for the U.S. Army. The study shows that for 1-way bending, the FRP webbed core can exceed the shear strength of the baseline balsa core by a factor of 3.2 at a core's density, which is 28% lighter than the balsa baseline. In addition, weight savings in excess of 30% are shown for using FRP decking in place of conventional aluminum decking. Based on test results and finite-element analysis, the failure modes of the different FRP webbed cores are discussed and design recommendations for FRP webbed core decks are provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2008 07:41:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/860722</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RAPIDLY INSTALLED FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) PLATES FOR UPGRADE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES FOR THE MILITARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/684625</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper offers an overview of an extensive series of flexural tests conducted on beams retrofitted with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates using the mechanical fastening technique. The tests showed that strength gains close to that expected from conventionally-bonded FRP can be obtained and the failure mode is actually much more ductile than with conventional FRP upgrades. Results of several analytical parametric studies are also given, providing insight into the effect of variations in material and geometric properties of the upgraded beams.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/684625</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RELIABILITY BASED FATIGUE DESIGN CODE FOR MILITARY BRIDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/717598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper focuses on fatigue specifications for steel bridging in military structures. The research described herein has been conducted by the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Fatigue specifications, on the whole, are based on the bounds or confidence limits of laboratory SN relationships for specific details and materials. The SN equations are based on test results of experiments performed that relate life in loading cycles to constant amplitude stress/strain ranges. Based on the concepts of first order reliability theory and state-of-the-art knowledge in fatigue analysis, a procedure for the development of criteria for design against fatigue is given. The underlying precepts of the procedure are described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/717598</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMATED FULL-SCALE LASER VIBRATION SENSING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/653336</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a conceptual system for automatic laser vibration sensing of Armored Vehicle Launched Bridges (AVLB) is reported. The AVLB is a folding scissors-type assault bridge, which is hydraulically operated and is designed to be light and flexible. Ensuring the mission capability of such bridges can be critical to military operations and safety of soldiers.  Since these bridges are mobile, it is ideal to utilize automated systems to inspect these bridges.  This paper describes the development of a conceptual inspection methodology and system concept for such application.  The inspection is based on the interpretation of vibration parameters for damage detection.  The automated laser sensing system is developed to acquire the data of the bridge under controlled vibration.  This paper summarizes the research effort from the past three years on such a system at the West Virginia University.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 May 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/653336</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIMULATING BRIDGE CROSSINGS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/532552</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/532552</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>