<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>ICE LENSING, THERMAL DIFFUSION AND WATER MIGRATION IN FREEZING SOIL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/124233</link>
      <description><![CDATA[WHEN A SURFACE LAYER OF THE SOIL FREEZES, BOTH HEAT AND WATER DIFFUSED FROM THE UNFROZEN SOIL BENEATH TO THE FROZEN REGION. OFTEN THE SOIL DOES NOT FREEZE HOMOGENEOUSLY BUT DISTINCT ICE LENSES FORM. AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFUSION AND ICE NUCLEATION PROCESSES SUGGESTS CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH ICE LENSING CAN BE EXPECTED; IN PARTICULAR, IT IS SHOWN THAT MULTIPLE ICE LENSES CANNOT FORM UNLESS THE SOIL THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY IS GREATER THAT THE WATER DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT. ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CASE (A SEMI-INFINITE MASS OF HOMOGENEOUS SOIL WHOSE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS SUDDENLY LOWERED) GIVES THE TEMPERATURE AND WATER-CONTENT FIELDS AS FUNCTIONS OF TIME; THESE AGREE WITH THOSE OBSERVED IN A EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FREEZING CLAY. /RRL/A/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/124233</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF FROZEN SOILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/128156</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF FROZEN SOILS-STRENGTH, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, DIELECTRIC CONSTANT, AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY-ARE AFFECTED BY THE PHASE COMPOSITION OF WATER IN SOIL I.E., THE RATIO OF UNFROZEN WATER TO ICE. THE MAIN FACTORS DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF UNFROZEN WATER ARE TEMPERATURE, SURFACE AREA, AND SALT CONTENT. MINOR FACTORS ARE MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND PRESSURE. THE AMOUNT OF UNFROZEN WATER IN FROZEN SOILS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CAN BE CALCULATED, USING A THERMODYNAMIC TREATMENT, FOR CLAYS FROM SWELLING PRESSURE DATA, AND FOR GRANULAR SOILS FROM MOISTURE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. THE CALCULATED DATA SHOW GOOD AGREEMENT WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA. THE UNFROZEN FILM CONDUCTS WATER AND IONS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS, ELECTRICAL GRADIENTS, AND EXTERNAL PRESSURE DIFFERENCES. THE RATE OF MIGRATION DEPENDS ON THE SURFACE AREA AND THE THICKNESS OF THE FILM OF UNFROZEN WATER. SINCE THE THICKNESS OF THE FILM DECREASES WITH DECREASING TEMPERATURE, THE RATE OF MIGRATION OF WATER THROUGH FROZEN SOILS RAPIDLY INCREASES AS THE FREEZING POINT IS APPROACHED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Aug 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/128156</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WATER AND ITS CONDUCTION IN SOILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126956</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CONTENTS: INTRODUCTORY REMARKS, HANS F. WINTERKORN PROPERTIES OF WATER SUBSTANCE, WORTH H. RODEBUSH, ARTHUR M. BUSWELL WATER STRUCTURE AND BIOENERGETICS, ALBERT SZENT-GYORGYI ORGANIZATION OF WATER ON CLAY MINERAL SURFACES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROPERTIES OF CLAY-WATER SYSTEMS, RALPH E. GRIM INFLUENCE OF LIQUID AND CLAY MINERAL TYPE ON CONSOLIDATION OF CLAY-LIQUID SYSTEMS, WALTER C. WAIDELICH MECHANISM OF MOISTURE EQUILIBRIUM AND MIGRATION IN SOILS, B. V. DERJAGUIN, N. K. MELNIKOVA MOVEMENT AND EQUILIBRIUM OF WATER IN SOIL SYSTEMS AS AFFECTED BY SOIL-WATER FORCES, PHILIP F. LOW INFLUENCE OF SURFACE FORCES ON FLOW OF FLUIDS THROUGH CAPILLARY SYSTEMS, E. A. FLOOD MECHANISM OF SOIL MOISTURE EXTRACTION FROM A PRESSURE- MEMBRANE APPARATUS, HITOSHI FUKUDA MATHEMATICS OF ISOTHERMAL WATER CONDUCTION IN UNSATURATED SOIL, W. R. GARDNER SOIL WATER MOVEMENT IN THE FILM AND VAPOR PHASE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, M. HALLAIRE ON THE CORRELATION OF HEAT AND MOISTURE PROPERTIES OF SOILS, F. E. KOLYASEV, A. I. GUPALO MOISTURE FLOW INDUCED BY THERMAL GRADIENTS WITHIN UNSATURATED SOILS, W. L. HUTCHEON ON THE MECHANISM BY WHICH WATER MOVES THROUGH A POROUS MATERIAL SUBJECTED TO A TEMPERATURE GRADIENT, J. M. KUZMAK, P. J. SEREDA PHYSICS OF WATER MOVEMENT IN POROUS SOLIDS, J. R. PHILIP WATER MOVEMENT IN SOILS UNDER PRESSURE POTENTIALS, WERNER E. SCHMID SOME CONCEPTS PERTAINING TO THE FREEZING SOIL SYSTEMS, ALFREDS R. JUMIKIS PRESSURES DEVELOPED IN A POROUS GRANULAR SYSTEM AS A RESULT OF ICE SEGREGATION, EDWARD PENNER IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN FORMATION OF SOIL STRUCTURE, W. CZERATZKI, H. FRESE EFFECT OF WATER MOVEMENT ON SOIL, EDWARD S. BARBER MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN SOIL IN RELATION TO HIGHWAY DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE, D. CRONEY, J. D. COLEMAN, W. P. M. BLACK FIELD STUDIES ON SUBGRADE MOISTURE CONDITIONS, JOHN W. GUINNEE MOISTURE CONTENT AND THE CBR METHOD OF DESIGN, F. L. D. WOOLTORTON HYDROPHOBIC EARTH AS A MEANS OF MOISTURE-, THERMAL-, AND ELECTRIC-INSULATION, F. E. KOLYASEV, A. G. HOLODOV FLOW OF WATER IN HARDENED PORTLAND CEMENT PASTE, T. C. POWERS, H. M. MANN, L. E. COPELAND MASS TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN MOIST POROUS SYSTEMS AS VIEWED FROM THE THERMODYNAMICS OF IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES, HANS F. WINTERKORN.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Aug 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126956</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FACTORS AFFECTING WATER MIGRATION IN FROZEN SOILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/285493</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Soil-water potential was measured on three soils and influencing factors, including water content, soil texture, dry density and temperature, were investigated.  The soil-water potential in unsaturated, unfrozen soils decreases with decreasing soil water content and soil disperson, and increases with increasing temperature and dry density.  Unfrozen water contents were determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance and three factors thought to affect the unfrozen water content at a given temperature were investigated.  Of these three factors, only increasing the salt concentration caused a large change in the unfrozen water versus temperature curves.  Water migration in an unsaturated frozen soil (Morin clay) was determined in horizontally closed soil columns under linear temperature gradients.  The flux of water migration was calculated from the water distribution curves before and after testing.  The flux is directly proportional to the temperature gradient and inversely proportional to the square root of the test duration, and decreases with decreasing temperature and soil dry density.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/285493</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF MOISTURE AND SALT MOVEMENT IN FREEZING SOILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/276444</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents the results of field studies on the movement of moisture and salts during freezing of Prairie soils.  It is shown that large fluxes of water can migrate to the freezing front and move upward into the frozen soil above.  The fluxes are largest in light-textured soils (e.g., silt loam) having a water table at shallow depth. However, substantial amounts of soil moisture may also move in silty clay, silty clay loam, and clay soils under dryland farming provided there is sufficient water present to support capillary flow.  The dynamics of soil moisture transfer under natural conditions as a result of freezing involves movement of water in both vapor and liquid phases. In the shallow surface layer of soil, to a depth of 300-400 mm, vapor flow predominates; in the depth below, water usually moves primarily as a liquid.  It is demonstrated that the accumulation of ice with time increases because of the downward movement of the freezing front and the upward movement of water into the frozen soil above.  In a silt loam with large fluxes, the ice content of the frozen zone rapidly reaches a level (80-85% pore saturation) where measurable migration ceases.  Conversely, in a silty clay the movement of moisture into the frozen soil is observed to continue throughout most of the freezing period, and the ice content reaches 93% pore saturation.  The greater movement in the finer grained soil is attributed to a higher freezing-point depression, a larger number of capillary pores, and a higher concentration of soluble salts in the liquid films.  A close association is observed between changes in the ice content and electrical conductivity of a silt loam after freezing.  In a silty clay the agreement is less clear, probably the result of the exchange of ions between the migrating liquid water and the clay particles. Maximum amounts of exchangeable ions moving into a 1 m depth of soil by the freezing action are estimated to be 11.9 t/ha in a silt loam and 15.7 t/ha in a silty clay loam.  Data showing the redistribution of water and salts during thawing are also presented and discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/276444</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF FABRICS ON THE MIGRATION OF GROUNDWATER AND WATER-SOLUBLE MINERALS IN THE CAPILLARY FRINGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/187114</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Laboratory experiments are described in which soil and groundwater regimes approximating those of hot arid areas have been modelled.  The motions of saline groundwater and the solution and precipitation of phases such as halite, gypsum and calcite in the capillary fringe have been studied.  The non-woven permeable fabrics "terram" and "filtram" have been placed in the soil beds and it is shown that fabrics such as "filtram" are capable of preventing both the capillary rise of moisture and the downward penetration of water infiltrating from above.  The lower surface of the fabric may act as a locus for mineral precipitation but crystalline phases have not been found growing into the pores of the fabric.  The work is relevant to both horticultural and engineering applications of the fabrics and the first experiments have been followed by larger scale experiments, which are not yet complete, in which further details of the behaviour of permeable membranes in unsaturated soils are being studied, including their ability to protect building materials.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Jan 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/187114</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF A SNOW PILLOW ON HEAT AND VAPOR TRANSPORT IN THE BLACK SPRUCE/PERMAFROST ENVIRONMENT OF INTERIOR ALASKA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/59009</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A standard 4 X 5 foot metal snow pillow was installed in the black spruce/permafrost environment of Interior Alaska and instrumented to determine if the presence of the pillow had any appreciable effects on the thermal regime, and the possible migration of water vapor from the thick organic soils into the snowpack during the extended cold winter period.  In hopes of separating the two effects, should they both exist, a double layer of 4 mil plastic sheeting of the same size and shape as that of the pillow was installed at the same site.  The results of the first winter's operation indicate that the pillow had minor effects on the temperature profiles from the air/snow interface to a point 30 cm below the soil surface.  The primary effect appeared to be one of slowing the rate of temperature fluctuation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Nov 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/59009</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>