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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>APPLICATIONS GUIDE FOR PROPAGATION AND INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS COMPUTER PROGRAMS (0.1 TO 20 GHZ)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69909</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report covers ten computer programs useful in estimating the service coverage of radio systems operating in the frequency band from 0.1 to 20 GHz. These programs may be used to obtain a wide variety of computer-generated microfilm plots such as transmission loss versus path length and the desired- to-undesired signal ratio at a receiving location versus the distance separating the desired and undesired transmitting facilities. Emphasis is placed on the types of outputs available and the input parameter requirements. The propagation model used with these programs is applicable to air/ground, air/air, ground/satellite, and air/satellite paths. It can also be used for ground-to-ground paths that are line-of-sight or smooth earth. Detailed information on the propagation models and software involved is not provided. The normal use made of these programs involves a Dapartment of Commerce (DOC) response to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ARD-60 request for computer output and reimbursement to the DOC by the FAA for the associated costs. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69909</guid>
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      <title>ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576784</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electromagnetic properties of hardened concrete specimens are measured over a microwave frequency range from 0.1 to 20 GHz. The experimentally obtained values provide information about the behavior of concrete and its interaction with electromagnetic waves.  In addition to the frequency variation, the effect of different moisture contents on the electromagnetic properties is studied.  Properties of mortar specimens and constituents of concrete, that is, coarse aggregates, sand, and cement, are also measured.  An open-ended coaxial probe method is used for the measurement of real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity of concrete.  The physical significance of the measured data in nondestructive testing, including penetration depth and detectability, is discussed.  The results of electromagnetic property measurements indicate that the dielectric constant of dry concrete appears to be frequency independent over the range from 0.1 to 20 GHz, whereas the loss factor increases over that range.  The moisture content of concrete significantly affects the dielectric constant and loss factor.  The quantitative results obtained from this research will serve as a basis in applying wideband microwave imaging techniques for nondestructive testing of concrete using radar.  The results can also be used for selecting the optimum combinations of radar measurement parameters for better detection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576784</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AIRCRAFT OBSTRUCTION OF MICROWAVE LINKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/83182</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Conversion to digital transmission has renewed the concerns about what effects aircraft obstruction of microwave links have on user quality. This is of particular concern where it is necessary to install a telecommunication system that crosses runways and taxiways where the frequency of obstruction may be great. A limited measurement program at 8 GHz at Atlanta and Chicago Airports was undertaken to determine if a condition existed that could cause excessive error rates on digital systems. Measurements were made of the received signal level together with the impulse response of the transmission medium. Measurement results indicate that during takeoff and landing, aircraft can cause signal level fades to 20 dB. Modern system margin is usually sufficient to cope with such fades. The impulse response measurements at Atlanta did not reveal any delayed or distorted pulses that would indicate excessive multipath and frequency selective fading. However, slight distortion from taxiing aircraft at Chicago was observed. The implication of this detected distortion is reflected in the potential of a distorted asymmetrical frequency response within the 15 - 20 MHz passband of a microwave digital receiver.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/83182</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SURVEYS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITIES NEAR REPRESENTATIVE HIGHER-POWER FAA TRANSMITTING ANTENNAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69780</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The National Bureau of Standards has completed surveys of electromagnetic field intensities near the antennas of typical FAA transmitters. These include aircraft radars, ground surveillance radars, instrument landing systems, navigation equipment and communication antennas. The surveys were made with rf radiation monitors having isotropic response patterns. Commercial monitors with thermocouple sensors were used to measure electric fields between 0.5 and 24 GHz and magnetic fields between 10 and 300 MHz. Probes designed at NBS with diode detectors were used for electric field between 100 kHz and 10 GHZ. These radiation monitors cannot measure (accurately) the pulse-peak field of a radar nor the field of a scanning antenna; therefore, most of the radar surveys involved fixed antennas. The intensity in the direct beam of air route surveillance radars was greater than 10 mW/sq.cm. at distances within about 14 meters from the antennas. The intensity of airport surveillance radars was above 10 mW/sq.cm. at distances within 15 meters, except for the newer ASR-8 model. The direct beam of aircraft radars exceeded 10 mW/sq.cm. at distances ranging from 2 to 7 meters. If the time-averaging effect for antenna scanning is taken into consideration, these field values would be greatly reduced. Also, the near-zone beams of FAA antennas are not normally accessible to personnel. In accessible areas the measured fields were generally less than 1 mW/sq cm. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jun 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69780</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY RATIONALE REPORT: RADIATED TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS IN AIR TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/47575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report summarizes the technical efforts and conclusions resulting from an investigation of requirements for a radiated electromagnetic emission and susceptibility test standard applicable to equipments in air transportation facilities. Recommendations are provided regarding the tests that should be performed, acceptable test configurations and procedures, applicable frequency ranges and performance limits. These recommendations are documented in the format of Federal Aviation Administration notices to be attached to MIL-STD-461A and MIL-STD-462. The recommended test configurations, procedures and performance limits, when properly imposed on equipment procedures, will be manifested as improved flight safety, scheduling, and reliability. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/47575</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY RATIONALE REPORT, CONDUCTED TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS IN AIR TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/47576</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report summarizes the technical efforts and conclusions resulting from an investigation of requirements for a conducted electromagnetic emission and susceptibility test standard applicable to equipments in air transportation facilities. Recommendations are provided regarding the tests that should be performed, acceptable test configurations and procedures, applicable frequency ranges, and performance limits. These recommendations are documented in the format of Federal Aviation Administration notices to be attached to MIL-STD-461A and MIL-STD-462. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/47576</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>POTENTIAL INTERFERENCE OF THE DISCRETE ADDRESS BEACON SYSTEM (DABS) ON THE X AND Y MODE TACAN SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The impact of ten proposed signal formats of the Discrete Address Beacon System (DABS) on the performance of TACAN/DME equipments was investigated. The susceptibility of the individual TACAN/DME equipments to interference was then used to assess the interference impact of a hypothetical DABS environment on the operation of TACAN/DME systems. Worst case characterizations were used in some respects. A set of frequency-distance separations was developed that would prevent DABS interference to the TACAN interrogator, and limit the generation of deadtime in the TACAN beacon.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/23521</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MULTIPATH IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FREQUENCY BANDS. VOLUME I. CLASSIFICATION OF MULTIPATH, EFFECTS OF MULTIPATH ON SYSTEMS, AND CAUSES OF MULTIPATH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23600</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The handbook has collected theories and techniques which have one or more of the following qualities: It has been in frequent use by engineers; it has been shown to be accurate; it can be applied to a wide variety of problems; it offers an easily obtainable upper or lower bound. Most of the problems arising because of multipath cannot be solved or described precisely, but instead involve assumptions or approximations, the effects of which cannot be quantified. The responsibility for the decision on which approximation or assumption to use for a particular problem is with the reader. Since the handbook is directed toward air traffic control (ATC) frequencies, most of the material presented is oriented toward frequencies above VHF, and toward line-of-sight paths. Two special sections, one on Omega and one on Loran are included. No information on HF propagation or ionospheric scatter is included. Finally, selection of the material in this handbook has been heavily influenced by the systems presently used by the FAA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/23600</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MULTIPATH IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FREQUENCY BANDS. VOLUME II. CHAPTERS CIII THROUGH GIV, GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23601</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The refractive index in the troposphere between 100 MHz and 100 GHz; Tropospheric multipath mechanisms; Other atmospheric effects; Techniques for computing refraction of radio waves in the troposphere; Global scintillation model; Molecular transfer characteristics of air between 40 and 140 GHz; Doppler effects; Methods for reducing the effects of multipath; Multipath calculations for a VOR site; Multipath effects at low frequencies with particular reference to the Loran-C Radio Navigation System; Multipath for the Omega System; Multipath problem for beacon radar.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/23601</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENTS OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND VOLUME OF SEA-SURFACE OIL SPILLS USING MULTIFREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/10134</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Multifrequency passive microwave measurements from aircraft have been made of eight controlled marine oil spills.  It was found that over 90 percent of the oil was generally confined in a compact region with thicknesses in excess of 1 mm and comprising less than 10 percent of the area of the visible slick. It is shown that microwave radiometry offers a means to measure the distribution of oil in sea-surface slicks and to locate the thick regions and measure their volume on an all-weather, day-or-night, and realtime basis. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Nov 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/10134</guid>
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