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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Characterization of Aggregate Susceptibility to Polishing Using the Micro-Deval Test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598679</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Skid resistance is a critical pavement surface property affecting roadway safety, especially under wet weather conditions. This study evaluated the frictional characteristics of a wide variety of aggregates used in roadway construction in Ohio. The micro-Deval test was used to apply different levels of polishing (0, 60, 180, and 360?min) to each aggregate material, and the frictional properties of the unpolished and polished aggregates were evaluated using a British pendulum tester (BPT) and a dynamic friction tester (DFT). Texture and angularity of the unpolished and polished aggregates were also evaluated using the second-generation Aggregate Image Measurement System (AIMS2). Carbonate aggregates were generally found to exhibit higher initial friction than natural gravels, but some carbonate aggregates provided poor friction retention after polishing. Slag aggregates were found to have high initial friction properties and good friction retention, while the trap rock used in this study exhibited relatively low initial friction and poor friction retention. It was found in this study that mass loss after abrasion in the micro-Deval test is not a good indicator of the aggregate’s resistance to polishing. Some aggregates exhibited high mass loss but maintained high friction properties, while others showed low mass loss and poor friction retention. The AIMS2 texture was also found to have a relatively low correlation with direct contact friction measurements obtained using the BPT and the DFT. These findings confirm the need for direct contact friction measurements to properly characterize aggregate susceptibility to polishing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Sep 2025 17:46:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598679</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Durability Performance of Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) in Wet Conditions Using Micro-Deval Test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2196595</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a practical scenario, it is very common that an open graded friction course (OGFC) layer is subjected to repeated traffic loadings during the rains. Even after the rain, water can be clogged inside the voids. This entrapped water can accelerate OGFC layer’s overall abrasion damage under wheel loads by causing moisture damage to the material. This study employed the Micro-Deval (MD) test to evaluate the durability performance of an OGFC material in wet conditions. It is found that the MD test is effective in measuring the durability performance of an OGFC with satisfactory repeatability. While comparing the effects of binder grade on the OGFC’s performance, it is observed that the OGFC made with a lower PG grade performs poorly than the OGFCs made with higher PG grades. While evaluating the effect of aggregate gradation on the OGFC’s performance, it is found that the OGFC made with a larger aggregate has more damage than the OGFC made with a smaller aggregate. This study found that the MD test is more effective in ranking OGFC materials based on their durability performance than the traditional Cantabro abrasion (CA) test. The correlation between MD and CA test results is also found to be poor because of the differences in loading and test conditions. As the loading and test conditions in the MD test are more field representative, this study recommends the MD test for evaluating the durability performance of OGFC materials in wet conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Aug 2023 09:34:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2196595</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Optimized Compaction Energy for Coarse Aggregates by Gyratory Compactor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1850823</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aggregate durability is crucially important for performance of granular roadways. Therefore, proper laboratory durability evaluations of aggregates that will be used during construction and maintenance of granular roadways are very critical. Los-Angeles (LA) abrasion and Micro-Deval tests were two conventional methods that are used for laboratory during tests. However, it is very well known that these tests are not adequate to simulate the durability of aggregates under vehicle and compactor loads. The current study proposes to use the gyratory compaction method to evaluate the durability of aggregate materials. During gyratory tests, gradations, shear resistances, void ratios, and maximum dry unit weights of each material were monitored before and after tests. The results of this study showed that the fines content of the materials did not change significantly, while the gravel and sand contents of all materials changed considerably. It was also observed that the energy required to gain the optimum void ratio and dry unit weight were always higher than those required for the modified and standard Proctor tests energy levels. However, two out of three materials achieved 90% of the maximum shear strength at lower energy levels that were required for the modified Proctor test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 2021 11:59:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1850823</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>3D Characterization of Aggregates for Pavement Skid Resistance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1580444</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aggregate morphological characteristics can play an important role in aggregate resistance to polishing and degradation. The Aggregate Imaging System (AIMS) has been one of the most widely used instruments for aggregate-property measurement during the last decade. This paper investigated the effectiveness of a newly developed laser triangulation–based portable three-dimensional (3D) scanner with ultrahigh resolution for exploring the changes of aggregate surface characteristics in 3D before and after the Micro-Deval abrasion and polishing process. The most typical aggregate types produced in Oklahoma were acquired and tested in the laboratory using the 3D scanner. Aggregate properties in terms of areal, volumetric, and textural parameters were evaluated and compared before and after polishing. Subsequently, multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the impacts of aggregate property changes before and after polishing on pavement surface friction deterioration. Field friction data were collected 3 times at 32 different treatment sites from 2016 to 2017. The findings from this study can assist the development of aggregate selection guidelines for improved skid resistance based on aggregate morphological properties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2019 10:39:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1580444</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of a Laser Scanning System to Dynamic Friction Test Specimens: Correlation Between Texture and Friction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1565419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this implementation effort, a laser-based scanning system was adapted to test aggregates from five sources before and after Micro-Deval abrasion and embedded in a ring-shaped polyester material. Improvements to the ring-shaped specimen preparation procedure were identified. The Aggregate Ring Texturing System (ARTS) hardware and software were used on the aggregate ring-shaped specimens along with the dynamic friction tester (DFT) to obtain micro-texture and friction characteristics. The results allowed generating a model to predict friction at 60 km/h (DFT₆₀) from the micro mean profile depth results obtained with the ARTS. The aggregates from the various sources were ranked based on their texture and friction characteristics, and showed that igneous and gravel aggregates had superior micro-texture and friction performance as compared to dolomite and limestone. This type of analysis is geared toward improving the Texas Department of Transportation’s existing surface aggregate classification system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2018 16:27:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1565419</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of coarse aggregate performance based on the modified Micro Deval abrasion test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1502623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The anti-abrasion property of aggregate significantly affects the performance of the pavement. In this research, the quartzite and gneiss which were produced in Lincheng County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province were selected as test samples. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard, the Micro-Deval abrasion test was taken every 1000 rotation times until 20,000 times, and the change trend of the Micro-Deval abrasion value was obtained. Results showed that the abrasion values were in the exponential growth rate rather than linear rate. Their R-Square coefficient was 0.99142 and 0.99916 respectively. The gravel information such as area, roundness, diameter, perimeter and so on were calculated and analyzed by Image-Pro Plus software, which provided a rapid way for the 2D morphology characteristics analysis of the coarse aggregate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Mar 2018 10:46:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1502623</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Relationship Between Lifespan and Mechanical Performance of Railway Ballast Aggregate</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1465341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As lifespan is the main criterion for the selection of aggregate for ballast and for planning the maintenance of railroad, it is important to define the relationship between the particle load resistant characteristics and the ballast‘s lifetime in structure. Assessment of the quality of the ballast particles under dynamic and static loading should reflect both the toughness and hardness, and these can be identified with the values of Los Angeles Abrasion and microDeval Abrasion. In order to predict the amount of loads, expressed in cumulated tonnes, the model formerly developed by Canadian Pacific Railroads was adapted. A number of different aggregate mixtures were tested in the laboratory including dolomite and granite rocks. The results were used to assess the gross tonnage possible to transport during the lifetime of ballast until repair or reconstruction should be done. The outcome of this study is the possibility to classify the requirements for aggregates‘ Los Angeles abrasion and micro-Deval abrasion values attributing them to designed traffic volumes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Apr 2017 16:50:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1465341</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Real Time Laser Scanning of Aggregate Materials in Highway Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1440694</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The quality and service life of the roadways that make up the highway transportation infrastructure are dependent upon the selection and use of high quality aggregate materials. Five state transportation agencies participated in this Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) study, which was designed to demonstrate the use of laser scanning as a means to assess, in real-time, the quality of aggregate used in highway construction. Participating states included Kansas, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania. The referenced technology is based on a process referred to as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). In this process, a high-powered laser pulse is used to excite atoms that make up the aggregate. This excitation results in the emission of light from a range of unique wavelengths (spectrum) that can be thought of as a “fingerprint” of the material. The development of a database of spectra or fingerprints of many aggregate materials with known engineering properties provides the basis for employing numerical techniques (models), similar to “fingerprint matching,” to identify the properties of unknown aggregate material. Scanning data generated in this demonstration show that the technology can differentiate between approved and unapproved aggregate sources. It has the potential to quantify specific test parameters such as acid insoluble residue (AIR), Micro-Deval loss, and specific gravity, as well as to identify the presence of deleterious materials, such as reactive chert, ASR and ACR, and D-cracking susceptible aggregate. It can be used to identify the aggregate source or sources of a stockpile of unknown material(s). A total of 113 aggregates supplied by the participating states were laser-scanned using a field prototype system located in a field materials testing laboratory in South Bethlehem, New York. The analyses in this demonstration focused on specific gravity (bulk and SSD) and absorption, D-cracking, acid insoluble residue, Micro-Deval, and Los Angeles (LA) Abrasion Loss. The results show that laser scanning can successfully predict the properties of aggregate, opening up a whole new way of analyzing aggregate materials. Based on the results presented, recommended future work is outlined, some of which has been initiated and presented herein to refine the scanning and modeling process to enhance data quality.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jan 2017 17:16:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1440694</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lightweight Aggregate Abrasion Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1371954</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid increase in the use of lightweight aggregates in structural concrete has created a number of problems for the Materials Engineer in evaluating this type of aggregate. Exhaustive studies are being made of a number of properties of lightweight aggregates. This report covers only one phase of the nationwide search for information. The Los Angeles abrasion test, ASTM Method: C 131, does not make any provision for the density of aggregates in that it requires a certain sample size, by weight, regardless of the weight-volume relationship of the material. Consequently, when the aggregate is lighter, the resulting volume charged into the drum is larger. With very light aggregates, this may affect the results, due to the cushioning effect of the additional volume, giving an erroneous lower abrasion loss. Furthermore, all aggregates, during the abrasion test, will break to smaller sizes. This breakage does not necessarily increase the percentage of material passing a No. 12 sieve. Nevertheless, when two different aggregates are tested and one shows a higher breakage on larger sieves, both aggregates may show the same standard loss. Consequently, the value of this test in the evaluation of the wear characteristics of lightweight aggregate has been quite questionable. This investigation was designed to evaluate the behavior of different lightweight aggregates at various stages of the abrasion test and a charge corrected to furnish samples of approximately the same bulk volume. Additional tests were run to compare the results of the Los Angeles test with the Deval Abrasion Test. In addition to the lightweight aggregate, two reference gravels were also included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2015 18:03:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1371954</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Implementation of AIMS in Measuring Aggregate Resistance to Polishing, Abrasion, and Breakage</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1311857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The feasibility of using the Micro-Deval apparatus along with the second-generation Aggregate Imaging System (AIMS) to develop a procedure for measuring aggregate polishing resistance, and to measure aggregate shape properties was investigated. Eleven aggregate sources from the state of Illinois and neighboring states were selected to develop an aggregate polishing experimental procedure using AIMS and Micro-Deval. AIMS was used to measure aggregate shape properties with a special focus on aggregate angularity and surface texture, while Micro-Deval provided the needed polishing/degradation. Mathematical, statistical, and rate of texture loss analysis indicated that all aggregate sources reached terminal texture at 210 minutes or less. Aggregate angularity followed the same trend, and terminal angularity was achieved at 210 minutes or less. As the polishing procedure was finalized, aggregate shape properties were tested for 77 aggregate sources. Shape properties were measured before polishing and after polishing in Micro-Deval at 105 and 210 minutes, and a database was developed using Microsoft Excel. The research team also studied the number of aggregate particles that must be scanned in AIMS. Random sub-sampling and asymptotic analyses were conducted and it was concluded that 120 particles were required. This finding was further evaluated by manual sampling of 120 aggregate particles. The manual sampling proved that 120 particles were enough for AIMS angularity and texture measurements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2014 09:41:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1311857</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recommendations for Achieving Adequate Surface Friction and Predicting Skid Values in Class P Concrete Containing Manufactured Fine Aggregates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1238017</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report summarizes findings and recommendations regarding the usage of manufactured fine aggregates in portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP). The supporting research included both field and laboratory testing of aggregates and concrete properties that relate to skid resistance. Results show good correlation between friction values obtained using a Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) and the micro-Deval test for fine aggregates (ASTM D7428). After comparing skid trailer values with Circular Track Meter (CTM) and DFT values, a correlation between the skid trailer and the DFT was established. Recommendations on how to blend carbonate sands with low acid insoluble residues to achieve good friction are presented in chapter 1 of this document.  In chapter 2, a model for estimating skid numbers on concrete pavements with a mortar surface finish is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2013 17:08:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1238017</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modified Micro-Deval Procedure for Evaluating the Polishing Tendency of Coarse Aggregates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1092324</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Coarse aggregates in asphalt concrete should be tough and durable to withstand hot-mix asphalt production, transportation, construction, traffic loads, and environmental effects. The morphology of such aggregates plays an important role in aggregates’ mechanical properties and influences asphalt pavement skid resistance, an essential characteristic of pavement performance. The predominant aggregate resources in western Virginia are carbonate rocks. The mineral components tend to be relatively soft, and when subjected to abrasive wear under traffic, the aggregate surface polishes fairly rapidly. This situation leads to smoothing of the surface and creates potential safety issues due to loss of surface friction. Considering all aspects, the increasingly popular Micro-Deval (MD) apparatus was used to assess the abrasion–polishing (A-P) resistance of coarse aggregates suspected to show a range of polishing characteristics. Although the conventional focus of the MD test is on attrition or degradation (mass loss) reflecting particles’ durability, such attrition or degradation also induces a polishing effect on susceptible particles and consequently was selected for this study. Hence, a suite of carbonate and noncarbonate coarse aggregates from 10 Virginia sources was tested in the MD with the standard procedure and a cyclical A-P procedure. Also, two-dimensional digital aggregate images, before and after abrasion, were obtained and analyzed with the use of specialized software to characterize morphological parameters (shape, angularity, texture). Testing results showed that wear-resistance aggregate groupings based on the A-P procedures were consistent with the polishing tendency based on lithologic characteristics. Abrasion effects induced by both MD procedures were subjectively discernable. Trends could be perceived in the image analysis data, but the differences were not statistically verified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2011 14:13:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1092324</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Geomaterials 2008</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/874607</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This collection of 11 papers on the subject of geomaterials examines the following specific topics:  the Micro-Deval test for coarse aggregates; the Micro-Deval test for fine aggregates; anisotropic behavior of aggregate bases; permanent deformation of natural bituminous sands; stiffness of unbound aggregate bases; shear strength of recycled glass; performance of chemically modified subgrade soils; rutting of cement-treated base material; physicochemical behavior of cement kiln dust-treated kaolinite clay; lime in full-depth reclamation; and cement and fiber-stabilized soil rapid assessment using roller-integrated compaction monitoring.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Nov 2008 16:17:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/874607</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance Evaluation of Concrete Pavement Granular Subbase–Pavement Surface Condition Evaluation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/869486</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research project covered a wide range of activities that allowed researchers to understand the relationship between stability, pavement distress, and recycled portland cement concrete (RPCC) subbase aggregate materials.  Detailed laboratory and field tests, including pavement distress surveys, were conducted at 26 sites in Iowa.  Findings show that specific gravities of RPCC are lower than those of crushed limestone.  RPCC aggregate material varies from poorly or well-graded sand to gravel.  A modified Micro-Deval test procedure showed that abrasion losses of virgin aggregate materials were within the maximum Micro-Deval abrasion loss of 30% recommended by ASTM D6028-06.  Micro-Deval abrasion loss of RPCC aggregate materials, however, was much higher than that of virgin materials and exceeded 30% loss.  Modulus of elasticity of RPCC subbase materials is high but variable.  RPCC subbase layers normally have low permeability.  The pavement surfaces for both virgin and RPCC subbase across Iowa were evaluated to fulfill the objectives of this study related to field evaluation.  Visual distress surveys were conducted to gather the detailed current pavement condition information including the type, extent, and severity of the pavement distresses.  The historical pavement condition information for the surveyed field sections was extracted from the Iowa DOT's Pavement Management Information System (PMIS).  The current surface condition of existing field pavements with RPCC subbase was compared with the virgin aggregate subbase sections using two different approaches.  The changes in pavement condition indices (PCI and IRI) with time for both types of pavements (subbases) were compared.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2008 16:18:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/869486</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Results of Micro-Deval Test for Coarse Aggregates from Virginia Sources</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/848194</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aggregate is the most widely used construction material, and a key aspect of aggregate quality is durability. In this study, the Micro-Deval test was studied to evaluate its suitability for assessing the durability of coarse aggregates from Virginia sources. Results obtained with the Micro-Deval test and several commonly used aggregate tests were compared. The Micro-Deval test showed a very high potential to evaluate aggregate durability with better precision than did the conventional tests. It was able to differentiate between good- and poorly-performing aggregates at least 70% of the time and was able to identify the quality difference between similar aggregate types with varying degrees of weathering. Thus, the Micro-Deval test is recommended for use as a quality control tool for aggregate assessment to supplement the current measures of aggregate quality.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Mar 2008 08:16:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/848194</guid>
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