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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>An Artificial Intelligence Based Sourcing Automation Concept for Smaller and Mid-Sized Enterprises in the Metal Industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974716</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Smaller and mid-sized enterprises in the metal industry often face problems during their sourcing and procurement processes. These problems are caused by the policies of wholesalers, which optimize their business processes by passing on better, i.e. cheaper prices for bulk procurement or even just selling products only in large quantities. These policies mainly confer benefits to big companies and leading to the elimination of small customers who want to order only small amounts of a product. That is the reason why smaller and mid-sized metal enterprises must invest a lot of time to find the right suppliers and to order the right products. To save time and money, there are already a few known approaches like marketplaces and shops. However, these solutions do neither solve the problem of finding the right wholesaler nor do they automate the whole process from order to delivery. This paper focuses on an approach to simplify the sourcing and procurement processes by automating parts of it. To achieve this goal, an automated bot technology is suggested which allows for an easy search for dealers and potential suppliers. The implemented bots will be linked to a web crawler with a matching algorithm to detect relevant offers in the world wide web. All information gathered by the crawler will then be processed automatically to start a request for quotation (RFQ) process. The artificial intelligence starts the RFQ process by (1) analyzing existing offers found in the world wide web with Natural Language Processing (NLP) and (2) generating automated written requests to dealers. The algorithm will additionally help by finding other prospective buyers, i.e. other small or mid-sized companies which are interested in the same product. This enables a group of customers to perform bulk procurement together. This paper discusses the current possibilities as well as the practical implications of the suggested approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Apr 2023 11:45:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974716</guid>
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      <title>Reducing the Environmental Impact in the Metal Finishing Industry by Employing Cleaner and Safer Production Strategies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/898675</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes how cleaner production strategies are being implemented by the metal finishing industry, in the face of increasingly strict pollution regulations as well as to deal with a permanent need to innovate. These preventive measures have a positive impact on the competitiveness of these firms as well as the environment. This is due to the diminished use of raw materials, lower energy consumption, subsequent reduction of contaminated materials and outflow, as well as inherently lessening the risks or hazards of environmental pollution. However, employing diverse, cleaner production methods is complex. Moreover, this can have a negative effect especially when the entire situation is taken into account, demonstrating the need for effective decision aids in this sector. This paper presents the conception of a diagnostic tool for cleaner and safer production (CSP) impacts. The proposed tool is based on a system of CSP indicators, which quantifies the firm’s overall impacts and estimates the level of risk generated. The main issues of this paper are: (1) environmental: considering whether the tool will help reduce firms’ impacts; (2) regulatory: because this approach helps industry to comply with existing legislation and anticipate new constraints; and (3) safety: taking into account risks generated by the implementation of CSP practices. This decision aid can be used in choosing a CSP set up strategy as well as to promote innovation initiatives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2009 12:46:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/898675</guid>
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      <title>Utilization of external accident information in companies' safety promotion - Case: Finnish metal and transportation industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/863487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Safety management systems emphasize the role of accident information as a requirement for continuous improvement. However, it is not clear how such information is actually applied in companies. The present study was carried out in the Finnish metal and transportation industries to determine if and how companies utilize accident information provided in external reports. There are 40-50 fatal workplace accidents in Finland annually. These are investigated and reported with the aim of preventing the occurrence of similar accidents. Among other things, the study charted how reporting should be developed. Ten recently reported cases and a total of 38 companies were chosen for the study. Information was collected using interviews and surveys. Although accident information contained in reports was found to be mostly accurate and useful, such information is rarely applied in practice. Typically, reports are utilized only as support material in safety management; usually as case-examples in accident prevention and hazard identification. There are several explanations for this low degree of implementation, such as lack of time or the perception that the information is of limited relevance. The findings of this study show that accident reporting is a useful tool in promoting safety, though weaknesses in the flow and application of information hinder its effectiveness. Improvements in the way accidents are reported could promote more active utilization of such information in companies' safety promotion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2008 09:23:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/863487</guid>
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      <title>A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF JUNK VEHICLE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/62389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study first presents a conceptual framework which both provides a theoretical economic explanation for the abandonment and dereliction of motor vehicles and permits an evaluation of a wide variety of public policies which have been proposed to reduce the incidence of these phenomena. Next, it develops a set of criteria for the selection of junk vehicle abatement programs for field surveying and employs these criteria to choose ten programs for detailed analysis. Finally, the study evaluates the relative effectiveness of these ten programs using the methodology derived in the conceptual framework. These evaluations demonstrate that the average cost of processing a vehicle in any of these programs is not unreasonably high and, consequently, that the development of junk vehicle abatement programs similar to the programs which have been evaluated in this study is potentially capable of producing an increase in economic efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/62389</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FATIGUE LIFE: ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/722976</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This volume, entitled "Fatigue Life: Analysis and Prediction," is 1 of 4 volumes published containing papers presented at the International Conference on Fatigue, Corrosion Cracking, Fracture Mechanics, and Failure Analysis, held in Salt Lake City, Utah, from December 2-6, 1985. The theme of the conference was Technology Transfer, and papers presented are applicable to fatigue-related topics in aerospace, military applications, bridge engineering, and the transport and nuclear industries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/722976</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PROFILES OF MATERIAL SUPPLIER INDUSTRIES TO THE AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/171353</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a study of industries supplying materials to the automobile manufacturers. As the automobile industry restructures itself to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles, many of the industries that depend on the automobile will be forced to restructure themselves as well. The industries supplying steel, castings, aluminum, glass, plastics, and paint and their trends toward restructuring are covered in this report. The organization of this report reflects an automotive focus and special attention is paid to the impact of changing automotive requirements. At the same time, an effort has been made to recognize that each industry has its own unique dynamics and that automotive demand is only one factor influencing these dynamics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/171353</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1978-79. VOLUME I. METALS AND MINERALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168954</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contains chapters on virtually all metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities important to the domestic economy. In addition, it includes a chapter on mining and quarrying trends.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168954</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MINERALS YEARBOOK 1976. VOLUME II. AREA REPORTS: DOMESTIC</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168985</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contains chapters on the mineral industry of each of the 50 States, the U.S. inland possessions in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. This volume also has a statistical summary, identical to that in Volume I.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168985</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MINERALS YEARBOOK 1977. VOLUME I. METALS AND MINERALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168986</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contains chapters on virtually all metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities important to the domestic economy. In addition, it includes a general review chapter on the mineral industries, a chapter on mining and quarrying trends, and a statistical summary.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168986</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NOISE POLLUTION ECONOMICS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The economic factors of noise pollution control and management are presented for industry, urban areas, Government planning, and transportation. The majority of reports cover the economic impact of controlling aircraft noise or the impact of motor vehicle noise on society.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143598</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NOISE POLLUTION ECONOMICS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/77596</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The economics of noise pollution control and management is presented for industry, urban areas, Government planning, and transportation. The majority of reports cover the economic impact of controlling aircraft noise or the impact of motor vehicle noise on society. (This updated bibliography contains 105 abstracts, 32 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Dec 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/77596</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A STUDY OF THE ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIABILITY OF A U.S. FLAG TOXIC CHEMICAL INCINERATOR SHIP. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/83080</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report details the economic and environmental viability of incinerating toxic chemical wastes at sea using a U.S. flag ship(s). The ocean incineration history in Europe and the United States is reviewed first. The impact of international, national, and state rules and regulations on waste quantities and ocean incineration are evaluated. Toxic waste quantities available for ocean incineration (primarily chlorinated and unchlorinated organics) are then estimated for 1977, 1983, and 1989 for the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, and Western Europe. Capital cost, operating cost, and incineration cost per ton of waste are calculated for a U.S. flag ship and compared with incineration charges for a European ship and for land-based incineration. The conclusion is that a U.S. flag incineration ship(s) is economically and environmentally viable.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/83080</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NOISE POLLUTION ECONOMICS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57586</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The economics of noise pollution control and management is presented for industry, urban areas, Government planning, and transportation. The majority of the reports cover the economic impact of controlling aircraft noise or the impact of motor vehicle noise on society.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57586</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATUS OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57627</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contents: U.S. minerals requirements; The role of minerals in the U.S. economy--1976; U.S. mineral production in relation to the rest of the world; World steel production; Import reliance; U.S. imports and exports of raw and processed minerals; Energy; Petroleum and natural gas; Uranium; Coal; Bituminous coal and lignite underground and surface mining trends; Iron and steel; Aluminum; Major nonferrous metals (copper, zinc, lead); Old scrap; Plastics; Fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphate rock, potash); Nonmetallic construction materials; Profits after Federal income taxes as a percentage of stockholders' equity; Debt-equity ratios; Index of plant and equipment expenditures; Current asset to current liability ratios; Minerals transportation (railroads, pipelines, waterways, highways).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57627</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SURVEY OF USES OF WASTE MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57593</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This survey covers the sources, amounts and disposal of major mining, industrial and municipal wastes available in the 48 conterminous states of the United States along with their present and potential uses as construction materials. In this report wastes from mining, industrial and municipal sources are treated separately and in that order. This is the order of decreasing amount of usable wastes available from each major classification. Wastes from mineral, metallic ore and coal mining operations are covered in Section 2. Industrial wastes are treated in Sections 3 to 5, with Section 3 describing a variety of important wastes which have found few markets; by-products from coal combustion, which are examples of wastes for which there are growing markets, are discussed in Section 4; and Section 5 covers slags, by-products which are already extensively used as aggregates in construction but for which there may be higher value uses. Municipal wastes, including municipal refuse, incinerator residue, glass, demolition waste and sewage sludge, are the subject of Section 6. Then Section 7 is directed towards some potential wastes which may be generated in substantial amounts by emerging technologies related to energy production and environmental protection. Obstacles to and incentives for the increased use of waste materials in construction are discussed in Section 8.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57593</guid>
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