<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7TWV0YWwgY29hdGluZyZxdW90OyIgb3JpZ2luYWxfdmFsdWU9IiZxdW90O01ldGFsIGNvYXRpbmcmcXVvdDsiIC8+PC9maWx0ZXJzPjxyYW5nZXMgLz48c29ydHM+PHNvcnQgZmllbGQ9InB1Ymxpc2hlZCIgb3JkZXI9ImRlc2MiIC8+PC9zb3J0cz48cGVyc2lzdHM+PHBlcnNpc3QgbmFtZT0icmFuZ2V0eXBlIiB2YWx1ZT0icHVibGlzaGVkZGF0ZSIgLz48L3BlcnNpc3RzPjwvc2VhcmNoPg==" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>The effect of airline service quality, perceived value, emotional attachment, and brand loyalty on passengers’ willingness to pay: The moderating role of airline origin</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2447351</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Passengers’ willingness to pay (WTP) has become a critical factor for airlines, particularly during the current political and economic conditions that have led to a massive increase in airline ticket prices. Nevertheless, the current literature on passengers’ WTP has concentrated on economic models that address supply and demand determinants, while marketing and psychological determinants still need further investigation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how airline service quality, perceived value, emotional attachment, and airline brand loyalty influence passengers’ WTP for airline services, and to what extent passengers’ perceptions of airline origin can moderate these effects. Data were gathered using questionnaires and were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modelling (SEM), and multi-group analysis. The results revealed that airline service quality, perceived value, and brand loyalty significantly contribute to passengers’ WTP. It also proved that passengers’ biased perceptions towards national airlines can strengthen the positive effects of these variables on their WTP for national airlines and vice versa for their WTP for foreign airlines. Finally, the study presented several theoretical contributions to airline travel literature and practical implications for airline service marketers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:45:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2447351</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wear Resistance of Fe–Cr–C Hardfacing Deposited by Flux-Core-Double-Wire GTAW in Rubber Wheel Abrasion Test</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The wear resistance of metals can be improved by using the hardfacing technique. Different processes can produce it with the desirable microstructures and mechanical properties. This study presents an original method, flux-core-double-wire of gas-shielded tungsten arc welding, in which wires of different compositions are used simultaneously to obtain different microstructures. The deposition was controlled through the following parameters: welding speed, deposition current, standoff distance, torch angle, and pulse frequency of wire feed. Four coatings were deposited on AISI 1020 steel substrate by combining the cored wires: Fe–Cr–C, Fe–Cr–C–Nb, Fe–Cr–C–Mo–Nb, and Fe–Cr–C–Mo–Ti. The combination of these wires resulted in a hypoeutectic microstructure with niobium and titanium carbides, with an average hardness of 650 HV0.3. The hypereutectic microstructures were formed by different niobium contents, with a microhardness range from 820 to 1,020 HV0.3. The performance of the hardfacing was evaluated in the rubber wheel abrasion test described by ASTM G65, Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus (Superseded), procedure B. The results revealed that the carbide cracking distinguished the wear resistance, and the hardness was not enough to separate the wear behavior. Still, the volume fraction of carbides was a decisive microstructural parameter.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Oct 2023 10:37:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259054</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Effects of Electroless Ni-P Coated SiC on the Properties of Magnesium Composite</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2128105</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reuse of magnesium alloy is an essential approach to protecting the natural resources, and it eliminates the waste products dumped in landfills, water, and air. Therefore, the first time the scrap magnesium alloy materials are collected and fabricated, the newly formulated magnesium composites use different techniques, such as vacuum, squeeze, and stir casting. AZ91 alloy from the automobile scrap is used as matrix material, and silicon carbide (SiC) is used as reinforcement. Electroless nickel-phosphorous coating is applied to the ceramic particles to avoid unwanted chemical reactions during the casting process. The adhesion between the matrix and reinforcement is improved by masking the surface of the nonmetallic SiC particles. Magnesium composite is most commonly used in automotive and aerospace applications to reduce weight and improve the strength of the component. The magnesium composite is fabricated through four different methods, and the substrates are tested and analyzed for better results. The sample results taken from the composites are compared to the magnesium alloy obtained from the scrap stock. Comparatively, the substrate produced using squeeze casting shows a lower porosity level of 5.5 %, and it is clearly shown in optical images. Significant improvements in the mechanical properties, such as hardness and compression strength, are obtained, and the wear rate in the prepared composites is reduced to 28 % for the sample produced using squeeze casting instead of the vacuum and stir casting processes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Apr 2023 16:19:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2128105</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of Service Life of Aluminized Steel Corrugated Pipe with Visible and Not Visible Coating Deficiencies within the Lock System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1942772</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The electrochemical behavior of aluminized and galvanized steel is investigated to determine the corrosion performance of coating deficiencies generated within the lock-seams during the fabrication of aluminized and galvanized steel corrugated pipe. Electrochemical techniques and visual and profilometric analysis are used to assess the ability of the aluminum and zinc coating to provide sufficient galvanic protection to the underlying steel in the presence of a crevice. Also, crevice coupons and lock-seam samples were used in this investigation in different environmental conditions simulating natural water conditions to relate the corrosion rate with the level of protection that the coating will provide. In addition, a model was developed to identify the influence of the confined geometry of the lock-seam on the corrosion rates at a defect location. The results have shown that defects in the aluminum coating can act as initiation sites for the corrosion of the steel. However, defects located external to the lock-seam may corrode at higher rates than those within the lock-seams due to the limited availability of oxygen.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Apr 2022 10:06:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1942772</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of the Low Contact Resistance Plating for Aluminum Power Busbar</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899821</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aluminum is needed as power busbar for electric vehicle in place of Copper, which has price hike risk and weight problem. However, Aluminum surface generates insulative oxides easily, so that Aluminum power busbar needs surface plating. This reports Nickel coating development for Aluminum busbar that solved both cost and electrical performance issues. This technique would be applied for power battery of mass-produced electric vehicle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Jan 2022 12:15:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899821</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advanced Finite Element Analysis of a Lightweight Nanometal-Polymer Hybrid Component with Experimental Validation, and Its Applications to Vehicle Lightweighting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1560586</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The presence of engineering plastics in the automotive, aerospace, and defense industries is rapidly increasing; the lightweight and cost-effective nature of these materials, coupled with improvements to their mechanical performance, is driving the replacement of more traditional materials. However, the stiffness of engineering plastics cannot rival that of their metal counterparts, making metal replacement challenging in cases where stiffness is paramount. Nanometal-polymer hybrids, which are engineering plastics reinforced by a thin high-strength metal coating, provide an innovative solution to this problem. However, implementing this hybrid material into innovative designs remains a challenge, as relatively little information about mechanical behaviour or appropriate modeling techniques for this complex material are available. In this article, an efficient and effective finite element modeling approach for the structural analysis of nanometal-polymer hybrids is presented. The modeling approach is then utilized to assess the performance of a component which is under consideration for metal replacement by nanometal-polymer hybrid material. The geometric and modeling complexity of the component is representative of that found in typical engineering design environments. The results of the finite element model were assessed and validated through direct comparison to experimental data, and demonstrate that the proposed modeling approach provides a level of high degree of accuracy suitable for practical engineering applications.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2018 11:00:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1560586</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Benefits and Challenges Faced by Aftermarket Catalyst Manufacturers in Implementing Advanced Coating Techniques in TWC (Gasoline Applications)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1462381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The automotive aftermarket industry is an extremely cost competitive market to say the least. Aftermarket manufacturers are sought by customers primarily for their ability to replace an OES (Original Equipment Supplier) for a fraction of the cost. This forces the manufacturers to yield on performance abilities to get a share in the market place. The TWC system in gasoline vehicles not only acts as an emissions reduction device but is an integral part of the overall vehicle performance itself, especially since the introduction of OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) II systems in 1995. An inefficient catalyst not only leads to excessive tailpipe emissions but also acts detrimental to vehicle fueling and hence overall performance. The aftermarket catalyst industry which is regulated by EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and CARB (California Air Resource Board) for gasoline engines is subject to meeting a mandatory performance standard for the same reason. There are several advancements in catalyst technologies to gain performance but this may or may not apply to the aftermarket manufacturers.         This paper will discuss three established coating techniques in TWC (Three Way Catalyst) catalyst and their influence on PGM (Precious Group Metal) reduction, emissions performance, and cost reduction and production feasibility. The first method is referred to as slurry coating and possibly the easiest coating method, PGM+WC (Wash Coat) slurry where all precious metals and the supporting washcoat is mixed and applied as one slurry. The second method is referred to as layer coating where the Palladium is in the slurry solution with the washcoat and coated as the first layer on the substrate and then the Rhodium is layered on top as a metal impregnation. The third method is referred to as zone coating where the palladium is in the slurry with the washcoat and it is coated in the inlet of the substrate, while the Rhodium is in the slurry with the washcoat and it is coated in the outlet of the substrate.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 2018 12:09:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1462381</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of CNC Turning Operations with Multiple Performance Characteristics using Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1486389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the optimization of CNC turning operation parameters for Al6061 nickel coated graphite (NCG) metal matrix composite using the Taguchi based grey relational analysis method. The turning operations are carried out with carbide cutting tool inserts. According to the Taguchi quality concept, 3-level orthogonal array was chosen for the experiments. The experiments are conducted at three different cutting speeds (125, 175, 225m/min) with feed rates (0.1, 0.15, 0.2mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.5, 1, 1.5mm) and different % of reinforcement (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%), signal to noise ratio and the analysis of variance are used to optimize cutting parameters. The effects of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness and MRR are analyzed. Mathematical models are developed by using the response surface method to formulate the cutting parameters experimental results shown that machining performance can be improved effectively by using this approach, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to identify the most significant factor for the turning operations according to the weighted sum grade of the GRG. The predict responses shows the models have more than 95% of confident level of R2 value, from the obtained confirmation experiment result, it is observed, there is a good agreement between the estimated value and the experimental value of the grey relational grade. This experimental study reveals that the grey-Taguchi and RSM can be applied successfully for multi response characteristic performances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Nov 2017 10:53:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1486389</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Heat Loss Analysis of a Steel Piston and a YSZ Coated Piston in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Using Phosphor Thermometry Measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461517</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Diesel engine manufacturers strive towards further efficiency improvements. Thus, reducing in-cylinder heat losses is becoming increasingly important. Understanding how location, thermal insulation, and engine operating conditions affect the heat transfer to the combustion chamber walls is fundamental for the future reduction of in-cylinder heat losses. This study investigates the effect of a 1mm-thick plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating on a piston. Such a coated piston and a similar steel piston are compared to each other based on experimental data for the heat release, the heat transfer rate to the oil in the piston cooling gallery, the local instantaneous surface temperature, and the local instantaneous surface heat flux. The surface temperature was measured for different crank angle positions using phosphor thermometry. The fuel was chosen to be n-heptane to facilitate surface temperature measurements during non-skip-fire, thermally stabilized operating conditions. Assuming one-dimensional heat transfer inside each piston, the local instantaneous surface heat flux was calculated using the heat transfer rate to the oil in the piston cooling gallery and the surface temperature measurements. The results from this study show that the surface temperature variation is similar for both pistons. The instantaneous heat flux during combustion is however significantly greater for the steel piston than the coated piston. The heat release analysis also indicates that combustion is slower for the piston with the yttria-stabilized zirconia coating.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2017 13:00:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461517</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MARITIME TRANSPORTATION, "SHIP REPAIR" SERIES: RESTORATION OF PARTS OF SHIP MACHINERY BY MEANS OF THE `SOLID STEELING` PROCESS (MORSKOY TRANSPORT, SERIYA `SUDOREMONT`)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/393455</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the ways of improving ship repair efficiency is to restore parts of ship machinery by various methods of applications of metal coatings.  This paper discusses one such method, called `solid steeling,` that was adopted in the USSR in 1956. This method--which involves the building up of solid electrolytic iron--is described in detail and its introduction at the Riga Ship Repair Facility is discussed briefly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/393455</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR ALUMINUM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106545</link>
      <description><![CDATA[INHIBITORS PROVIDING CATHODIC PROTECTION, ANODIC PROTECTION OF OVERALL GROSS PROTECTION MAY BE CHOSEN BY AN EVALUATION OF THEIR CURRENT-POTENTIAL RELATIONSHIPS AS DERIVED BY POTENTIODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS. INHIBITORS MUST BE CAREFULLY CHOSEN TO FIT THE PARTICULAR APPLICATION REQUIRED. THE 5000 SERIES ALLOYS, CONTAINING MAGNESIUM AS THE MAJOR ALLOYING ELEMENT, ARE SHOWN TO HAVE GREATER CORROSION RESISTANCE IN SALINE MEDIA THAN DO THE 1100 OR HIGH-PURITY ALLOYS. JEL-TYPE INHIBITORS SUCH AS AGAR-AGAR, BLOCK THE CATHODIC REACTIONS, CAUSING MARKED CATHODIC POLARIZATION. AMINE INHIBITORS ALSO AFFECT THE CATHODIC CHARACTERISTICS. THEY SHOULD PROVE USEFUL IN INHIBITING ALUMINUM CORROSION IN ACID MEDIA. CHROMATES ARE EFFECTIVE ANODIC INHIBITORS. THE INCREASED EFFECTIVENESS OF NICKEL CHROMATE OVER POTASSIUM CHROMATE INDICATED THAT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHROMATES WAS NOT ENTIRELY DUE TO THEIR OXIDIZING ABILITY. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106545</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PAINT ADHESION FAILURE MECHANISMS ON STEEL IN CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110158</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE CAUSES AND MECHANISMS OF PAINT ADHESION FAILURE ON STEEL, AS A RESULT OF THE CORROSION PROCESSES WITH AND WITHOUT A CONVERSION COATING, HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES WERE USED TO SEPARATE THE CORROSION REACTIONS AND STUDY THEIR SEPARATE AND COMBINED EFFECTS AT A DISCONTINUITY (SCRIBE LINE) IN THE PAINT FILMS. FOR OPTIMUM CORROSION PROTECTION THE CONVERSION COATING SHOULD RETARD ANODIC UNDERCUTTING AND BOTH THE CONVERSION COATING AND PAINT SYSTEMS SHOULD BE RESISTANT TO HYDROXIDE, PRODUCED BY THE CATHODIC REACTION. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jun 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110158</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106714</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PRACTICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM IS REVIEWED FOR THE NON-SPECIALIST. INCLUDED IS A DISCUSSION OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: THE RELATIVE NATURE OF CORROSION RESISTANCE, RESISTANCE CRITERIA, FACTORS INFLUENCING CORROSION RATES, COMMON CORROSION PROBLEMS, CHOOSING AN ALLOY, AND GALVANIC, DEPOSITION, CREVICE AND PITTING CORROSION. SPECIFIC INFORMATION IS GIVEN ON CORROSION IN SIX MAJOR ENVIRONMENTS. OTHER TOPICS CONSIDERED INCLUDE CORROSION OF BRAZED AND WELDED JOINTS, ATMOSPHERIC PERFORMANCE OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106714</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STAINLESS STEEL CULVERT CONSTRUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106596</link>
      <description><![CDATA[UNDERGROUND CULVERTS MUST BE CONSTRUCTED OF MATERIALS WITH STRENGTH AND CORROSION AND ABRASION RESISTANCE. STRENGTH CAN EASILY BE DESIGNED INTO ANY NEW CULVERT, BUT THIS STRENGTH REMAINS ONLY SO LONG AS THE CULVERT SUFFERS NO DAMAGING DETERIORATION. BECAUSE CARBON AND GALVANIZED STEELS MAY CORRODE IN LOW PH SOILS, TESTS INDICATE THAT STAINLESS STEEL CAN BE USED ADVANTAGEOUSLY IN CULVERT APPLICATIONS. THESE TEST CONDITIONS SIMULATED THE MOST CORROSIVE PH SOILS FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES. SIX METALS WERE TESTED INCLUDING: THE MF-I STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY, GALVANIZED AND CARBON STEELS, ALUMINUM, TYPE 201 STAINLESS STEEL AND AN-363 WHICH IS A NEW HIGH STRENGTH ALLOY. ALL THE DATA ACCUMULATED IN THIS PROGRAM INDICATED THAT THE STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY, MF-1, CAN PROVIDE EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE IN UNDERGROUND CULVERT APPLICATION. THE WEIGHT LOSS AND ANODIC POLARIZATION DATA INDICATED THAT THE STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY WILL REMAIN PASSIVE IN THE CORRODANTS INVESTIGATED. IN THE CORROSION-ABRASION TEST, THE MF-1 PERFORMED AT LEAST 20 TIMES BETTER THEN GALVANIZED STEEL.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 16 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106596</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>'METALLLIZING' PROTECTS REBAR FROM CORROSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/358804</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Harsh salt spray has corroded the steel reinforcement within the bridge piers of the Seven Mile Bridge, Florida only nine years after its completion.  The article describes how sacrificial molten zinc is being sprayed on the exposed rebar and surrounding concrete to stop accelerated deterioration of the piers.  Known as 'metallizing,' the cathodic protection process will halt corrosion of the steel rebar in a cost effective manner.  With this method, no impresed current is necessary since the molten zinc is applied directly to the exposed rabar.  Details of the process are described.  Considerable costs savings can be gained by not reapplying the concrete to the jackhammered areas.  A coating placed over the zinc reduces the loss of the zinc to atmospheric consumption.  It is thought that the system will last between 5 to 10 years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Aug 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/358804</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>