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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Dynamic Buckling of Masts of Large Sail Ships</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1498826</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design of sail systems is a fascinating topic that naval architects have been facing since many centuries and nowadays is revived because of the increasing size of modern pleasure and racing yachts. It is hence surprising that empiricism largely drives mast and rigging design even at the present time. Actually, while structural dynamics is explicitly considered in current scantling design of hull structures, this is not usually the case for mast and rigging. However, numerical simulations can now be successfully applied to assess effects of load variations in time. Considering the governing limit states and the typical behaviour of a pre-tensioned slender structure, the dynamic buckling of the bottom panel of a typical large mast is evaluated in this paper, showing significant differences from the widely applied quasi-static approach. The obtained results provide a new perspective for the scantling assessment of sail systems, overcoming the current empirical and prescriptive approach proposed by rules of classification societies and international standards.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Jun 2018 16:40:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1498826</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hybrid square riggers : fossil-free power provides the ultimate green ships?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1107215</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Jul 2011 12:18:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1107215</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIENCE WITH THE NEW BRITISH AND EUROPEAN DESIGN CODES FOR MASTS AND TOWERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/511635</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The new British Standards, BS 8100 and the recently drafted Eurocode, ENV 1993-3-1 for the design of steel towers and masts have both embraced the latest theoretical and research studies undertaken in this field.  Initial experiences of the use of both these documents are provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/511635</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AESTHETICS IN MAST AND TOWER DESIGN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/511636</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The very rapid increase in the need for telecommunication also heavily influences the required number of masts and towers. Especially, the exponential growth in the cellular telephone area gives rise to numerous new masts and towers spread all over the landscape and in the cities.  Both local authorities, nature conservancy organizations, etc., set forward requirements for reducing the impact on the landscape from new antenna masts and towers.  This has already resulted in more attention and concern from the telecommunication companies towards an aesthetic approach in the layout and design of new antenna supporting structures.  This paper gives a brief introduction to the problem, and discusses the new approach to design based more on aesthetics than the engineering functional and economical optimization principles that normally govern the design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/511636</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTRODUCTION TO THE ASCE GUIDE FOR THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LATTICE TOWERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/511638</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The information regarding the dynamic response of lattice towers is scattered throughout the literature, making it difficult for the practicing engineers to obtain the necessary information for design purposes.  The Task Committee prepared the Guide by compiling and clarifying current methodologies in a single source.  Both self-supporting lattice towers and guyed lattice masts are included in the Guide, which is targeted to practicing design engineers.  The topics covered in the Guide include, among others, dynamic analysis, response to wind loads, ice shedding, seismic input, and vibration control.  Extensive bibliography, divided into six topics, is appended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/511638</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VIBRATION CONTROL IN LATTICE COMMUNICATION TOWERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/511641</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Lattice communication towers are sensitive to dynamic environment generated by wind, ice, earthquakes, impact, blast loads and mechanical failures, such as guy rupture.  The vibrations excited by these environments cover an ample spectrum of frequencies which affects the towers in different ways, ranging from serviceability problems, to fatigue or collapse. The control of such vibrations by supplemental damping devices in the categories of Active and Passive Control Systems have been implemented in lattice towers.  The active system may be more effective in guy towers, but is more expensive, difficult to implement and requires continued supervision.  The paper will focus on passive control devices for self supporting towers, tower masts and guys.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/511641</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>KEEPING AN EYE ON THE ENEMY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480109</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Several navies are looking at non-penetrating masts as an alternative to conventional and optronic periscopes.  The article reports on the latest developments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480109</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIMPLE MULTILAYER PANEL METHOD FOR PARTIALLY SEPARATED FLOWS AROUND 2-D MASTS AND SAILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/432604</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new multilayer panel method has been developed using superimposed combinations of vortex doublet and source/sink elements to predict the static pressure distributions found over 2-D mast/sail geometries.  The method takes into account all the partially separated regions present, and all the computations are performed without any need for iteration.  The only inputs required are: mast/sail geometry, aerodynamic incidence angle, freestream Reynolds number, and empirically determined separation and reattachment locations.  All of the base pressures involved are obtained as part of the solution.  Comparison between experimental and theoretical results showed excellent agreement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/432604</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HOISTABLE MASTS FOR SUBMARINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437300</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437300</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ICE GROWTH ON A SHIP'S MAST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438541</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The growth of saline spongy ice due to freezing of collision-generated spray on the mast of a ship is modelled. The model considers the transport of brine on the icing surface and salt entrapment in the accretion. The results are applicable for calculating the effects of ice loads due to icing on ship stability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438541</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL ON THE MAST OF WARSHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440783</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The application of an active vibration control scheme on the mast vibration reduction of warships is presented.  The pole-assignment method is used for determining the controller function.  This makes the vibration characteristics of the active structure approach the desired specification and allows the vibration to be suppressed to the required limits.  To demonstrate the advantages and feasibility of this vibration control scheme, a polemast subjected to a severe sudden wind-gust load and a periodic rolling load is studied.  Numerical examples indicate that the active system has a further superior anti-vibration property for periodical, sudden, and uniform loads than typical reinforcement constructions.  The improvement of acceleration response is especially obvious, but it is not effective in typical reinforcement types.  In addition, the execution force of the active device is shown to be practical.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440783</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF MAST-SAIL SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440926</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Theoretical presentation of the problems concern some aspects of the nonlinear structural model applied to unstayed and stayed mast-sail systems and where the arrangement of supporting structure, in the case of the stayed mast, is completely general. An aerodynamic load prediction procedure is then presented which addresses a single or two-sail system.  Applications concern a comparison of aerodynamic load prediction with experimental data for a 'Finn' sail, together with predictions of mast-sail response for the 'Finn' dinghy and a 12M America's Cup yacht.  In the latter case the influence of stay pretension in the structural model is combined with the influence of induced mastbend and forestay sag in the aerodynamic model.  A closing example addresses structural aspects related to the boom as fitted to the Whitbread yacht N.C.B. IRELAND.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440926</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPTIMISATION OF VIBRATION REDUCTION ON THE MAST BY ACTIVE STAY SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An investigation of vibration reduction at the top of a mast by an active control system is presented.  Two typical external excitations, impact and random dynamic load, are considered.  For each type of load, a cost function is defined and its optimal law is solved.  An active stay system is designed to offer an active force on the mast.  By comparing the direct stiffness increment and fixed stay auxiliary method, it is shown that the active stay system has the fastest decay property among these methods for impact induced motion.  For the random exciting load, it has a superior effect of peak suppressed in spectral density response that the other two methods and its standard variations are much lower than other cases compared.  In addition, the lateral translation and slope accelerations at the top of the mast reduced by the active stay system is also the most effective. Numerical examples demonstrate that the active stay system with optimal law is a powerful and feasible scheme for mast vibration reduction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441449</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SENSORS - PERISCOPES &amp; MASTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442622</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442622</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SYNERGISTIC APPROACH TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A RADAR MAST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/443049</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the correlation of analytical and experimental modal analysis results, several error localisation methods can be used to evaluate model assumptions due to approximations of the mass and stiffness properties of individual sub-components.  This article stresses the importance of detecting more fundamental model errors in the connections between the sub-components or in the connection of these sub-components to ground.  The synergistic approach is applied to the identification of the dynamic characteristics of the main radar mast of a US destroyer. The dynamic model of the mast is used to evaluate the structural integrity of the radar mast with respect to mounted communications equipment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/443049</guid>
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