<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>SARS-CoV-2 Testing of Aircraft Wastewater Shows That Mandatory Tests and Vaccination Pass before Boarding Did Not Prevent Massive Importation of Omicron Variant into Europe</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2006293</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Most new SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in France occurred following the importation from abroad of emerging viral variants. Currently, the risk of new variants being imported is controlled based on a negative screening test (PCR or antigenic) and proof of up-to-date vaccine status, such as the International Air Transport Association travel pass. The wastewater from two planes arriving in Marseille (France) from Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) in December 2021 was tested by RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV2 and screen for variants. These tests were carried out between landing and customs clearance and were then sequenced by MiSeq Illumina. Antigenic tests and sequencing by NovaSeq were carried out on respiratory samples collected from the 56 passengers on the second flight. SARS-CoV-2 RNA suspected of being from the Omicron BA.1 variant was detected in the aircraft's wastewater. SARS-CoV2 RNA was detected in 11 [20%) passengers and the Omicron BA.1 variant was identified. This work shows the efficiency of aircraft wastewater testing to detect SARS-CoV-2 cases among travelers and to identify the viral genotype. It also highlights the low efficacy of the current control strategy for flights entering France from outside Europe, which combines a requirement to produce a vaccine pass and proof of a negative test before boarding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Sep 2022 09:10:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2006293</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of introducing low-cost high-speed rail on air-rail competition: Modelling and numerical analysis for Paris-Marseille</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1737077</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Given the trend of railway liberalization in Europe and Asia, the authors explore the effects of introducing low-cost high-speed rail as an answer to the railway reform on air-rail competition. In particular, by proposing a vertically differentiated model, they first derive the optimal pricing policies as well as the corresponding profits and market shares for low-cost high-speed rail (LCR), full-service high-speed rail (FSR) and air transport (Air). They do so for two types of LCR entrants, namely the incumbent entrant (to the FSR company) and the independently operated entrants. For both situations, they prove analytically that introducing LCR leads to reduced FSR and Air fares as well as to reduced Air traffic. The fare and traffic reductions increase with the passenger's time value and with the LCR travel time, while they decrease with the Air unit seat cost. Moreover, all LCR effects are stronger for an independently operated LCR. The authors apply their model to the Paris-Marseille route, based on data collected from publicly available sources. It is found that introducing an independently owned (incumbent owned) LCR on this route leads to 38% (33%) less air traffic, 20% (14%) less FSR traffic and a 37% (29%) increase in total rail traffic. Furthermore, this comes with increases of 2% (8%) in combined railway profit and 6% (5%) in total social welfare. These results support the decision of French policy makers to have LCR and FSR operated by the same company, as it comes with much higher combined railway profits and almost the same welfare increase as independently owned LCR. Further sensitivity analyses suggest that most LCR passengers would otherwise have traveled by FSR or Air, although LCR also attracts new passengers. In addition, offering a low-cost alternative is more effective if passengers value time more highly. Implications in terms of methodology and industry are provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2020 12:27:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1737077</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A functional form with a physical meaning for the macroscopic fundamental diagram</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1714759</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) relates vehicle accumulation and production of travel in an urban network with a well-defined and reproducible curve. Thanks to this relationship, the MFD offers a wide range of applications, most notably for traffic control. Recently, more and more empirical MFDs have been documented, providing further insights and facilitating their application in real urban networks. So far, however, no generally accepted functional form has been identified.This paper proposes a functional form for the MFD that is based on the smooth approximation of an upper bound of technologically feasible traffic states (uMFD). In this functional form, the uMFD can be either estimated from MFD measurements or defined a-priori, either analytically or with additional measurements in the network, while the smoothing to the uMFD is quantified with a single parameter λ. The uMFD can in principle be any multi-regime function, but the authors find that a trapezoidal shape with only four parameters, all physically meaningful, models the familiar shape of the MFD very well as shown with empirical data from Marseille, London, Lucerne, Yokohama, and Zurich. Further, the authors point to novel applications and analyses based on the interpretation of λ that would otherwise not be possible without this new functional form.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2020 10:33:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1714759</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Does Filtering by Powered Two-Wheelers Present A Risk for Pedestrians in City Centers?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1605664</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increase in the use of powered two-wheelers (PTW) in large urban areas adds to the public debate on the question of legalizing the practice of filtering when traffic is congested. In recent years, filtering by PTW riders has been authorized in cities in several Australian States. In France, this practice has been authorized on an experimental basis since 1st February 2016 on urban expressways, but for now it remains forbidden in city centers. Legalization and generalization of this practice in cities could, however, have a detrimental effect on pedestrian safety. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to estimate the risk for PTW riders of hitting and injuring a pedestrian per kilometer travelled while filtering and to compare this risk with that run while not filtering. Based on the detailed study of police reports recorded on 14 sections of urban arterials roads located in the city center of Marseille (France) and a campaign of periodical observations of powered two-wheeler practices, a relative risk and its 95 % confidence interval are estimated. The results show that the practice of filtering is associated with a significantly higher risk of collision with a pedestrian compared to normal driving in the traffic flow. On the sections studied, the risk is 5.30 higher (95% confidence interval [2.97; 9.43]). The main crash configurations are presented. In cities, filtering practices by PTW have a deleterious effect on pedestrian safety. Countermeasures concerning the road layout or enforcement seem possible to mitigate this deleterious effect.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2019 16:52:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1605664</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Urban Logistics Spaces: Supply Chain Organisation Tools to Reduce Congestion in Large Cities. Case Studies: Marseille, Monaco, Aix-en-Provence and Saint-Etienne</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1521626</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The "last mile" phenomenon appears increasingly as a strategic element in reducing negative external factors affecting urban logistics. Environmental hazards, congestion, noise, the social acceptance of HGVs, and the issue of double parked cars specific to the French Riviera area, are all problems which explain the need for a different way of organising logistics. One technical solution is the creation of Urban Logistic Spaces-ULS. This paper draws a comparison between four such ULS. These four case studies are interesting because they are on three different scales, which makes them relevant: an Urban Logistics Zone-ULZ in Marseille; an Urban Distribution Centre-UDC in Monaco; a Local Logistics Space-LLS in Aix-en-Provence, and the Saint-Etienne UDC, located in the Rhone-Alpes Region. The methodology is based around three points: 1) the collection of qualitative and quantitative information; 2) a stakeholder and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis; and lastly, 3) the results of the study synthesised into one detailed five point analysis covering project relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability. The authors can link different types of ULS to relevant scales, highlighting positives and negatives depending on the size of the territory being served. This can help stakeholders decide which types of ULS are needed in their specific area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jul 2018 14:42:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1521626</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Decision Support Tool to Enlighten Collective Transport Projects Implementations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1512974</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Users and public authority decision makers are rarely aware of the real costs of travel on public transport. This lack of transparency has a negative effect and slows down the investment decision making process: it relates not only to the economic cost, but the social and environmental costs as well. The initial objective of this work is to develop a tool to evaluate the global costs of the final kilometre of travel in a mountain environment, including different modes of transport such as cable-car, shuttle buses. The second objective is to use this tool in a project to prioritise public transport traffic on a motorway in Marseille. The tool is made up of three modules: 1) An economic analysis to separate the costs by actor (private and public) and by mode of transport; 2) An environmental analysis concerning emissions: nitrogen oxides-NOx, greenhouse gases, and particulates; and 3) A qualitative analysis to appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of the project based on around forty indicators. The use of this tool helped to clarify the public authority's decision to develop the project (2014) to reserve one lane on a motorway in Marseille for public transport and taxis. This paper presents the potentialities and prospects provided by such a decision making tool.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 May 2018 16:02:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1512974</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integration of a Freight Module in a Transport Modelling Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1512829</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nowadays, the local institutional players would like to extend the assessment of public policies to the issues linked to the haulage of goods. The purpose of these efforts is to better integrate the problems arising from the transport of merchandise: identifying them, integrating them in the modelling and assessing beforehand global policies (including the joint issues of public and goods transport). This document aims at disclosing the initial outcome of the experiments carried out on a linkage methodology between a model of passenger travels and a specific module of urban freight. This work is mainly based on a pilot project implemented in greater Marseille. It is a pertinent case study since the local players are simultaneously challenged by the transport of goods issues within the urban and port areas. It has, on the one hand, allowed to underline the opportunities offered by such a coupling and, on the other hand, to highlight recommendations for a potential transposition of the method to another area under scrutiny.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 May 2018 16:02:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1512829</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Powered Two-Wheeler Riders' Risk of Crashes Associated with Filtering on Urban Roads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1447222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this study is to estimate the crash risk per kilometer traveled by powered two-wheeler (PTW) riders filtering through traffic on urban roads.  Using the traffic injury crashes recorded by the police over a period of 3 years on 14 sections of urban roads in the city of Marseille, France, and a campaign of observations of PTWs, the crash risk per kilometer traveled by PTWs filtering was estimated and compared to the risk of PTWs that did not filter.  The results show that the risk of PTW riders being involved in injury crashes while filtering is significantly higher than the risk for riders who do not filter. For the 14 sections studied, it is 3.94 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.63, 5.89). This excess risk occurred for all PTW categories. Furthermore, no space appears to be safer than the others for filtering. Riders filtering forward along the axis of the carriageway, along bus lanes, or between traffic lanes (lane-splitting) all have a crash risk greater than the risk of those who do not filter.  All measures limiting the practice of filtering by PTWs on urban roads would probably contribute to improving the safety of their users.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Feb 2017 09:13:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1447222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Metro automation tops the agenda in Marseille</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As part of a drive to double the use of public transit in the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropole over the next 15 years, plans to automate and extend Marseille's two rubber-tired metro lines and to lengthen the tram network are proceeding, as reported here.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Dec 2016 11:29:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436795</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Marseiile the final months</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1387202</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2016 15:47:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1387202</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integration of a Freight Module in a Transport Modelling Approach for the Evaluation of Global Planning Scenario</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1372465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban freight transport represents one of the major issues of mobility policies for the coming years. It represents a performance indicator for major European cities and a criterion of competitiveness for local companies. As of now, local institutional stakeholders would like to extend the ex-ante evaluation to transport projects and policies related to the transport of goods. This preoccupation is even bigger in the Marseille stakeholders’ minds who are concerned by both urban and seaport issues in relation with goods transport. The current model developed in the Marseille area only simulates light vehicles movements. So, to deal with this problem, the first piece of work consists in integrating a freight module in this transport model in order to simulate flows of vehicles transporting goods. The city of Marseille and its seaport provide a relevant case of application for this exercise. The objective of this work is to improve the consideration of goods transport issues: its knowledge, its integration in modelling and the ex-ante evaluation of global transport projects and policies (inc. cars and trucks). Three main steps have structured the authors work. The first one involves becoming familiar with the movement (pickups and deliveries) of heavy goods vehicles. This step allows estimating travel demand related to goods transport using an urban freight transport model. Secondly, the freight transport demand matrix is integrated as input data for the model. The last step consists in evaluating planning scenarios through the “complete model” by analysing the impacts of each one of them (in terms of traffic, emissions, noise, etc.) and choosing the most suitable scenario. At this stage, and in regards to the results of the application case, the aim is to highlight the limits and possibilities of such a model for a potential use by various transport stakeholders. This paper describes the first coupling test between urban freight transport model and a passenger model.  Adding a component “freight transport” to the model allows the testing of supply scenarios from both passengers and freight points of view, and leads consequently to a more integrated approach to urban freight.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2015 09:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1372465</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Traffic Indicators, Accidents and Rain: Some Relationships Calibrated on a French Urban Motorway Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1370479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to study the link between the occurrence of injury road accidents, the prevailing traffic conditions, and the occurrence of rain. This is useful for assessing, before its implementation, the safety impact of a new traffic management. Traffic conditions were extracted from a one year traffic database which covers 150 kilometres of two or three lane urban motorways near the city of Marseille, in the south of France. 208 loop detectors provide the individual speeds, headways, arrival times and lengths of vehicles. Based on this information, thirteen aggregated traffic variables were constituted every six minutes, such as the average speed, occupancy, short time headways and a few combinations of speed, relative speed and time gaps. 292 injuries or fatal accidents occurred on the network during the same year. The French accident database provides their characteristics - location, time and type of accidents, meteorological conditions and other parameters addressing the infrastructure, the driver and the vehicle. The rain occurrence is provided, every six minutes, from a meteorological station. A set of safety performance functions were estimated, each one giving the risk of injury accident by vehicle-kilometre according to the level of one traffic variable and according to the occurrence of rain. Generally based on logistic regression models, analyses were carried out separately by lane and for two types of accidents - single vehicle accidents and crashes between vehicles. Some relations linking accidents with traffic variables are significant: the occurrence of single vehicle accidents is related to the speed on the fast lane; the occurrence of multiple vehicle accidents is related to occupancy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2015 12:46:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1370479</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Provencaʹle recipe for success</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1355333</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bernie Baldwin reports on the upgrading of Marseille Provence Airport's terminal for low-fare airlines, mp2.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2015 10:59:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1355333</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Marseille fights to win back Med title : the French giant has turned around its reputation for poor industrial relations and is finalising a EUR360M five-year strategic plan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1345226</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2015 11:45:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1345226</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Mediterranean Port Economy: The cases of Marseille and Mersin</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1328017</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article uses a similar methodology, based on input-output tables, to assess the economic interrelationships of the ports of Marseille and Mersin, and in addition provides evidence of the inter-regional spillovers related to the port of Marseille. Sections include port characteristics and performance; economic impact assessment; and port economic trajectories.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2014 12:08:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1328017</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>