<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Design and manufacture analysis of interference-fit composite-steel pipeline</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2711242</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Deep-sea oil and gas transportation pipelines face stringent requirements due to extreme operating conditions, demanding high temperature resistance, pressure tolerance, corrosion resistance, and reduced weight. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative pipeline design that integrates a composite casing with a steel liner, assembled via a liquid nitrogen-cooled interference-fit. This hybrid design leverages the composite's lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties while retaining the steel liner's structural robustness. Finite element simulations validated the pipeline's superior performance under deep-sea conditions, demonstrating a weight reduction of approximately 54.4% compared to equivalent steel pipelines and a 30.6% reduction in maximum stress in the steel liner compared to conventional composite pipelines. The simulations also elucidated the strengthening mechanisms induced by the interference-fit assembly through improved stress distribution and enhanced load-bearing capacity. Additionally, a novel, efficient, and safe low-temperature interference-fit assembly tool was developed, supported by a comprehensive manufacturing and assembly process. Experimental results from the fabricated pipeline showed strong agreement with finite element predictions, with deviation in assembly deformation below 15%. This work offers a lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and mechanically robust alternative to traditional metal pipelines, with substantial potential for ocean engineering applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:37:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2711242</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of Machine Learning for Geometric Alignment in Automotive Assembly</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693544</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques for the optimization of geometric alignment processes in industrial assembly, with a focus on automotive headlamp adjustment. The research objective is to evaluate the potential of data-driven models to enhance process accuracy, reduce variability, and minimize manual intervention. A diverse set of regression-based ML methods—including linear, kernel-based, tree-based, ensemble, and interpretable piecewise linear regression—is systematically compared. Models are trained and validated on real-world production data using 10-fold cross-validation and separate test sets. The results show that several ML models achieve high predictive performance, particularly for one of the three alignment targets, while prediction accuracy is more challenging for the other targets due to greater geometric variability. The study highlights both the benefits and limitations of applying ML in data-constrained assembly contexts. Beyond the specific automotive use case, the findings demonstrate the broader potential of adaptive, data-driven modeling to support intelligent process control in smart manufacturing environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693544</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strategic taxonomy of supply chain sustainability in manufacturing companies: evidence from Iran</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651887</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present study was conducted with the aim of clustering manufacturing companies based on the indicators affecting the supply chain sustainability. For this purpose, 496 companies active in the North Eastern Iran were clustered using support vector machine, artificial neural network and electromagnetic methods considering the indicators affecting the supply chain sustainability, and the best clustering method was determined. Next, the discriminant function was extracted and the results were analysed in order to discriminate between the dominant groups. Based on the obtained results, the studied manufacturing companies can be grouped into two dominant strategic categories of sustainable and unsustainable, so that 65% of the studied population is classified in the unsustainable group, with a score of 2.78 in the environmental dimension that puts them in an unfavourable situation. Finally, the results of this study, in addition to evaluating the company's performance in the field of sustainability, help managers in formulating appropriate strategies to improve the level of supply chain sustainability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651887</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on nonlinear dynamics of Bertrand game between automobile manufacturers under low-carbon policies on both sides of supply and demand</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618028</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper analyzes the traction effect of dual credit policy on supply-side productivity, as well as the regulatory effect of carbon inclusive benefits and consumer’s low-carbon preference on demand-side market volume. By combining nonlinear dynamics theory with Bertrand game, this paper establishes a dynamic Bertrand game model of new energy vehicle pricing. The results indicate that: (1) A too fast price adjustment can lead to chaotic fluctuations in the automobile market, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are more susceptible to price fluctuations compared to battery electric vehicles (BEVs). (2) The dual credit policy on the supply side can improve the stability of pricing decisions for automobile manufacturers, making BEVs more competitive in the market than PHEVs. (3) From the demand side, the prices of BEVs and PHEVs are complementary. (4) In policy design, the balance between credit trading price and carbon inclusive benefits should be comprehensively considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 13:55:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618028</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vibrational energy harvesting for sensors in vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666525</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The miniaturization of semiconductor technology and reduction in power requirements have enabled wireless self-sufficient devices, powered by ambient energy. To date the primary application lies in generating and transmitting sensory data. The number of sensors and their applications in automotive vehicles have grown drastically in the last decade. Wireless self-powered sensors can facilitate current sensor systems by removing the need for cabling and may enable additional applications. These systems have the potential to provide new avenues of optimization in safety and performance. This thesis delves into the topic of vibrations as ambient energy source, primarily for sensors in automotive vehicles. The transduction of small amounts of vibrational, i.e. kinetic, energy to electrical power, also known as vibrational energy harvesting, is an extensive field of research with a plethora of inventions. A short review is given for energy harvesters, in an automotive context, utilizing transduction through either the piezoelectric effect or magnetic induction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 08:33:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666525</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Batteries at crossroads : past, present and future environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666490</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The global transition toward electric mobility is driving rapid growth in LIB production, with global capacity expected to more than triple between 2025 and 2030. This expansion raises critical questions about the environmental implications of large-scale manufacturing and the supply chains that sustain it. The central aim of this thesis is to apply life cycle assessment (LCA) to systematically evaluate these implications, with particular focus on production scale, the role of primary and recycled materials, and the influence of modeling choices on assessment outcomes. The analysis begins by comparing LIB production across stages of technological maturity. Results show that scaling up can substantially reduce impacts per unit of capacity, largely through improved process efficiencies and economies of scale. These benefits, however, are accompanied by new burdens at the production site, including higher emissions, chemical use, and wastewater treatment requirements. When industrial-scale production is powered by low-carbon electricity, environmental hotspots shift upstream to raw material extraction and processing. An assessment of battery relevant raw materials reveals wide variability in environmental impacts, shaped by ore grade, extraction methods, and geographic supply configurations. This heterogeneity underscores the need for source-specific data in LCA studies, or, when unavailable, a broader spectrum of data to represent uncertainty. The thesis also investigates end-of-life strategies, with emphasis on hydrometallurgical recycling as a closed-loop pathway. Recycling can avoid up to 90% of the climate impacts associated with recyclable materials. Additional strategies - such as reducing scrap rates, increasing recovery of active materials, and optimizing chemical use - are shown to further enhance these benefits. Beyond the technological findings, the thesis highlights the methodological importance of modeling choices. Top-down approaches capture system-wide interactions, whereas bottom up models offer process-level detail but may overlook broader dynamics. Likewise, differences between background databases, and their periodic updates, can alter results significantly, making reassessment essential.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 08:32:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666490</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advances in Evaluation of Weld Quality</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636849</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of the scan is to examine the state of the art of in-process weld inspection and the resulting quality assurance used for ship building and heavy equipment manufacturing. The scan team will investigate the processes and controls used to produce quality welds in non-highway building industries. The scan team will examine the equipment involved in weld inspection and quality assurance, the specifications used for equipment requirements and quality control procedures, and calibration of the equipment to the appropriate quality standards. The scan team will investigate monitoring welding variables, measurement of weld size using laser scanning and the resulting reliability of the weld quality using in-process inspection.  The scan team will also examine the current state of practice within the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) bridge community for comparative purposes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 08:57:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636849</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Manufacturer encroachment in car per-use rental: The role of partial integration of supply chain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604647</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An innovative non-ownership business model, per-use rental, has emerged, in which consumers use products through renting and pay based on usage frequency. Although existing literature examines manufacturer encroachment in decentralized supply chains, recent practices demonstrate increasing partial vertical integration via shareholding among members. This paper investigates a supply chain consisting an upstream manufacturer and a downstream per-use rental platform, analyzing the manufacturer’s encroachment strategies under three scenarios: no partial integration, partial forward integration (PFI), and partial backward integration (PBI). Some important findings and managerial insights are obtained. First, we find that different partial integration scenarios may bring different impacts on the manufacturer’s encroachment strategies. Under no partial integration and PFI, the manufacturer will encroach when the fixed investment cost of a direct per-use rental channel is low. However, under PBI, additional factors, such as the maintenance cost and platform’s shareholding ratio, also influence the equilibrium strategies. In each scenario, encroachment can result in win-win, win-lose, lose-win, and lose-lose outcomes for the manufacturer and the platform. Second, the manufacturer’s wholesale price decreases with the shareholding ratio under PFI but increases under PBI, reflecting the impact of equity ownership, and the platform’s rental price follows a similar trend. These conclusions suggest that members can adapt to the impact of different equity structures and encroachment by adjusting prices, and the platform with more equity is more likely to benefit from manufacturer encroachment. Finally, two extensions, including different maintenance costs borne by the manufacturer and the platform, and the validity of partial integration, are considered to further verify the robustness of the proposed models.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 16:07:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604647</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Understanding the emergence of Chinese new energy carmakers - the perspective of productive model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582964</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the emergence of Chinese carmakers in the global new energy vehicle (NEV) market through the framework of productive models (Boyer and Freyssenet, 2002). The authors observe that the competitive viability of Chinese NEV carmakers results from the joint endeavours of the government, industry stakeholders and the substantial market size, while highlighting the increasing influence of Chinese consumers, and the importance of leapfrogging towards the disruptive technology through the creation of ecosystem. To address these dynamics, the paper proposes an updated productive model that incorporates 'consumer' and 'technology and ecosystem' as integral components. A preliminary examination of BYD's productive model facilitates a comparative analysis of Taylorian, Fordian, and Toyotian paradigms, offering new insights into the evolution of productive models in the global automotive industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2025 16:58:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582964</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The changing geography of the automotive industry in an era of car electrification: a critical assessment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In an era of car electrification, new players are emerging along the supply chain, peripheral countries are playing a more important role, and the position of integrator of incumbent car makers is being called into question. The aim of this paper is to take a critical look at the real transformations taking place in the global automotive industry. It scrutinises the renegotiation of the role of incumbent car makers in different parts of the world. It highlights three main trends. First, there are major and disruptive changes following the deployment of Chinese battery and EV makers. Second, the geography of the automobile industry has not been profoundly altered, and EVs accentuate the productive relocation to integrated peripheral nations. Third, Japan's position as an all-electric alternative highlights the path dependency historically built around policies targeting GHG emissions, hybrid technologies, and product policies designed by car and component makers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2025 16:58:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582961</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Conflicting objectives in the green transition : an impact analysis of a scenario excluding the import of electric buses and batteries to the European market</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598562</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report analyzes Europe's capacity to satisfy its need for electric buses through domestic production. The goal is to examine the dependence on production in high-risk countries, and to stimulate, in a simplified scenario limited to the European market, the consequences that restricted imports would have on Europe in terms of supply and price levels for vehicles and batteries. The analysis specifically focuses on China, given its dominant role in the global market.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2025 10:18:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598562</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The automotive sector at the end of the ICE age? Market insights to manage a new ecosystem</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577081</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The automotive ecosystem is experiencing a perfect storm where new technologies, new business models and sociological changes are bound to reshape the structure of the industry, leading to a new paradigm affecting strategies and performances of carmakers and actors of the supply chain. As electrification arguably represents the key factor of such transition, there is a need to shed light on market perceptions in terms of attitudes, expectations and concerns about electric vehicles. To this end, the authors performed a cross-national study based on primary data collected in two distinct markets: Brazil and Italy (N = 1,086). In presenting emerging results, the authors illustrate both common traits and specificities of the two contexts and the authors discuss the role of different legislative frameworks and public discourse in framing market sentiment, as to provide players with a solid informational background on which to shape their strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:54:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577081</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Toward carbon reduction in electric vehicle products: Evidence from China's recommended catalogue policy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2535058</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely believed to be the most promising solution to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. In China, entering the recommended catalogue is the basis for vehicle manufacturers and EV models to obtain market qualification and government subsidies. Based on the monthly data of China's recommended catalogue from January 2017 to December 2022, this study analyzes the impact of the recommended catalogue policy on carbon emissions of EVs at the micro-product level. The authors find that the recommended catalogue policy significantly reduces carbon emissions of EV products. Mechanism analysis indicates that this policy achieves carbon reduction in EV products by promoting sales growth, stimulating industry competition and incentivizing technological innovation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the recommended catalogue policy reduces carbon emissions of electric sedans, while the effect on SUV/MPV models is insignificant. The carbon reduction effect of this policy is only effective for EVs produced by non-state-owned enterprises, whereas no such effect is observed for state-owned enterprises. Further discussion reveals that the recommended catalogue policy and the dual credit policy play a synergistic role in reducing carbon emissions of EV products. The findings provide policy implications for the low-carbon development of EVs in the transportation sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2025 16:55:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2535058</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Balancing value trade-offs in automotive platform evolution : a proactive flexibility modelling approach for efficient technology introduction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534200</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a rapidly evolving automotive landscape, with quick technological advancements and shifting customer demands, the ability to design flexible product platforms has become a critical competitive advantage. This thesis aims to develop design supports for the iterative design and analysis of the incorporation of new technology into automotive product platforms, by investigating how these platforms can adapt to rapid technological changes and diverse customer demands, i.e., expand their external variety. The intense competitive landscape and minimal profit margins in the automotive industry have necessitated its platform development to focus on cost efficiency and standardization, i.e., limiting the internal variety. However, with the increasing pressures of sustainability and the need for quicker market responses, traditional approaches have shown that the rigidity of the constraints they impose limits their ability to adapt swiftly. This thesis proposes a model-based framework that emphasizes the early integration of flexibility, value-based decision-making, resilient design strategies, and proactive risk management to address these challenges. A new method using the concept of platform margins was introduced to assess platform flexibility over time. Further, the concept of resilient objects was developed, which are platform components that can easily adapt to or absorb changes. The research also addressed change propagation, especially considering Field Effects (FE). These methods were validated through real-world tests involving experienced practitioners from Swedish automotive OEMs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2025 15:14:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534200</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Port as an energy hub : a pre-study on estimating electricity demand</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534183</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ports are key hubs in the maritime transport system and are pivotal to the sector's transition to fossil-freedom. As port operations and vessels shift from fossil fuels to electricity and alternative fuels, ports can evolve into energy hubs, supplying power to their internal operations (e.g., cranes, forklifts) and external users like road vehicles and ships. Ports also have potential for renewable energy production, such as offshore wind and solar power, as well as storage. However, insufficient data on future energy consumption and production limits ports' ability to plan infrastructure upgrades or investments in electricity production and grid connections. This pre-study aims to create a structure to assess ports' current and future energy demands and production. By identifying the necessary data for a quantitative energy model, it seeks to help ports transition into fossil-free energy hubs by addressing information gaps. The study focused on the Port of Landskrona, including input from its energy supplier. The developed framework evaluates five areas: port operations, surrounding transport systems, the port's role as an energy node, additional energy activities, and the port's future energy plans. A combined top-down and bottom up approach tracks energy consumption from both electricity and fuel, aiding decision-making around energy production, storage, and decarbonization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2025 15:14:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534183</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>