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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Improving the recycling technology of consumable vehicle components</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665937</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Waste recycling is an important part of sustainable development. The recycling of end-of-life vehicles includes the crushing of their components to the required level of material recovery and subsequent separation according to the particle characteristics of these materials using magnetic, gravity, electrostatic, eddy current separation, air classification and information sorting methods. According to EU directives, 95% of the total weight of an end-of-life vehicle must be recycled with the reuse of materials. Such a high value can be achieved by recycling all materials of the end-of-life vehicle, even those that do not contain valuable materials such as air filters. This article is dedicated to improving the technology for recycling consumable vehicle components, particularly air filters. Used vehicle air filters are a source of secondary raw materials, mainly filter material made of paper or polyester, polyurethane and plastics. It was proposed to improve the existing technological recycling of used vehicle air filters by using frictional separation for extraction of foamed polyurethane instead of separation in liquids of certain density. According to the proposed technological scheme, the recovery of polyurethane foam is 75.9% with the potential to increase it to 83.6% by constructing a scheme with the circulation of a product with a particle size of +5 mm. The proposed technological scheme is more environmentally friendly as it does not require the use of water and reagent solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665937</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Farming for battery metals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1928682</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Globally, there is a major shift to electric vehicles to combat climate change and these vehicles are currently powered by lithium-ion batteries that contain nickel cobalt manganese oxide materials. This technological change from internal combustion engines means that demand for battery minerals will need to increase by factors of >20 for the critical metals required for batteries in the next three decades. If this scenario plays out, it will require a dramatic increase in the worldwide capacity to produce nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium raw materials of sufficient purity. This demand could partly be met by agromining technology, which is a ‘green technology’ that extracts valuable products, including high-purity metal salts useful for the battery industry, from selected plants known as ‘metal crops’. Farming for nickel, cobalt, and manganese is currently within reach, whereas lithium agromining has not yet been developed but has potential. Agromining offers a sustainable approach to economically produce battery-grade raw materials from unconventional sources, thus, producing ‘green technologies’ from ‘green sources’.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Apr 2022 15:51:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1928682</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Sustainability of Deep Sea Mining Transport Plans</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639255</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Deep sea mining is an emerging activity which attracts significant attentions from different countries governments and international huge companies around the world. Although its research and development work has been done for roughly half century time, the industrial scale deep sea mining project still has not been implemented yet because of a lot of problems in it, such as the profitability issue and marine environmental impacts. The research conducted in this thesis aims at designing an assessment system to evaluate the sustainability of DSM transport plans. To evaluate the sustainability of deep sea mining transport plans, three types of vertical lifting mechanisms are considered: continuous line bucket lifting system, pipe lifting with centrifugal pumps, and pipe lifting with air pumps in terms of the energy consumption, profitability and the caused environmental impacts. The research starts with a systematic literature review on the current research status of deep sea mining activity sustainability development to find out the existing research gaps and the influencing aspects to achieve this goal. Based on the literature review, it is clear that the sustainability of a deep sea mining transport plan could be influenced by its technological performance, e.g., energy consumption and technology maturity, the economic profitability, the environmental impacts and the social impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 2019 20:00:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639255</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Improvement of Hybrid Scheme for WAVE-MTAB Model and LES Analysis of Diesel Spray Using Spray Similarity Low</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1499784</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine diesel engine have a high thermal efficiency compared to passenger car diesel engine. Consequently, it is possible to improve the efficiency by applying marine engine technology to passenger car engine. For that, similar applying of the combustion process of marine engine is effective. Recently, the study for generalization of the combustion process based on theory on spray similarity has been conducted. However, basic studies focusing on the internal structure of the diesel spray in detail have not been yet conducted. Therefore, the purpose is comprehending the diesel spray characteristic similarity from spray internal structure quantitatively by using LES analysis. In this study, calculation accuracy is validated by LES analysis using improved WAVE-MTAB model. In addition, the reproducibility of similar spray characteristics are confirmed by LES analysis using WAVE-MTAB model and theory on spray similarity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Mar 2018 09:31:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1499784</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring the recovery of fatigue damage in bituminous mixtures at macro-crack level: the influence of temperature, time, and external loads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1468383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recently, the analysis of the healing capacity of bituminous materials has become an important research topic in pavement engineering. Although many studies have demonstrated the potential of some techniques (e.g. self-healing agents or induced healing) to recover the properties of these materials, there still remain some questions that need to be addressed. One of the most important issues is how to define the optimal moment for inducing healing (at micro or macro-crack levels), along with determining the optimal conditions for using the technique. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide an approach to answer these questions. In this research, several mixtures were tested under various conditions until their fracture, and then healed using a range of healing techniques. Following the healing process, the materials were re-tested and the efficiency of the healing at macro-crack level was assessed. The results indicate that the healing capacity at macro-crack level appears to be sensitive to the service conditions; in general, as the temperature of the healing treatment increases, the rate of recovery increases. Furthermore, it was observed that the recovery potential of conventional binder is higher than modified binders at macro-damage level. Additionally, the presence of external loads during application of the healing treatment could increase the rate of recovery. Nonetheless, it is important to note that the application of heating and/or external force as healing techniques produced low levels of recovery in macro-damaged asphalt materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jun 2017 16:10:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1468383</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Old laws for new risks at sea: mineral resources, climate change, sea lanes, and cables</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1411822</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Maritime security in a broad sense means more than piracy and terrorism. This paper concentrates on the risk potential of current and future resource-related activities on the seabed. The seabed mining of hard mineral resources—in addition to hydrocarbons—leads to new controversial maritime boundary claims of states in their effort to expand national access rights to raw materials. Outer continental shelf claims in the Arctic Ocean are today's test bench for law of the sea conflicts. Fiber-optic cables running through regional seas, straits, and land bridges may become another risky issue, while the pattern of maritime transport routes is moving from Northern to Southern waters. Under a medium-term perspective, the sea level rise will endanger ports and coasts. Borderlines of maritime zones will move and thus generate more injustice and conflicts among states. The tools to solve borderline conflicts and options for dispute settlement are available in UNCLOS. Some other legal gaps are covered by the 2005 SUA Convention and by bilateral agreements, while resolutions by the UN Security Council begin to broaden rights of intervention and interdiction. The need for new laws remains.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Jul 2016 10:48:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1411822</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag and Copper Mine Tailings for Road Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1368707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates the suitability of using electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag and copper mine tailings (CMT) as substitution for conventional aggregates used in pavements for roads and highways. Four mix designs containing EAF steel slag and CMT at different proportions were investigated. Mix 1 was 100% granite, Mix 2 consisted of 80% granite and 20% CMT, Mix 3 consisted of 80% EAF steel slag and 20% CMT while Mix 4 consisted of 40% granite, 40% EAF steel slag and 20% CMT. Marshall stability, moisture susceptibility, indirect tensile resilient modulus and dynamic creep tests were used to evaluate the laboratory performance of the mixtures. The findings reveal that substituting natural granite aggregates with CMT and EAF steel slag improved the performance properties of asphalt mixtures. The mixture containing 80% EAF steel slag and 20% CMT produced the best results. The resilient modulus results show that the resilient modulus of the mixes decreased as the temperature increased. Also, the aging process significantly increased the resilient modulus and dynamic creep modulus values. Thus, the study has revealed that the mining by-products (CMT) and metallurgical by-products (EAF steel slag) can be utilized as aggregates in road construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2015 14:41:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1368707</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asphalt Emulsion Residue Recovery Update</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1304799</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of latexes and polymers in asphalt emulsion applications to improve field performance created a challenge for the recovery of the residue using traditional oven evaporation or distillation techniques (260ºC). Those techniques recovered the residue at temperatures that deteriorated the polymers used and therefore the procedures were adjusted to lower temperature techniques (177ºC or 204ºC) to reduce the breakdown of the polymers used in the asphalt emulsion manufacture. A vacuum distillation procedure at 135ºC was also introduced to lower the temperature to recover the residue. These techniques use temperatures that are still much higher than the field application temperatures for these products. Recent evolution of lower-temperature evaporative techniques at 60ºC can provide a residue that is at summer field conditions and allows material to be evaluated through improved rheological techniques. The following report shows the development of recovery techniques that are similar to field conditions, and the test results that compare those techniques to the higher-temperature recovery procedures. An update of further developments to improve the time to recover the residue and possible aging issues is also provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2014 09:14:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1304799</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recycled Glass and Dredged Materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/807727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This technical note explores the concepts and applications of recovering and reusing two common disposable materials (crushed glass and dredged spoil) for beneficial engineering purposes. Dewatered fine-grained dredged material (DM) amended with glass cullet may prove to be a marketable combination especially useful as an engineered material and construction aggregate substitute.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2007 10:36:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/807727</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Laboratory Investigation on Healing of Sand Asphalt Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/798459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt is a complex civil engineering material. Asphalt when mixed with granular aggregates exhibits wide range of responses.  "Healing" is one such mechanical response wherein if the material is allowed to rest after certain number of load applications, the material exhibits a "beneficial internal structure change".  In this investigation, repeated triaxial tests were carried out on sand asphalt mixtures with varied confinement conditions and rest periods to quantify healing of asphalt mixtures in the laboratory.  Two parameters were identified to quantify healing.  The first parameter corresponds to the percentage change in instantaneous deformation before and after rest period.  The second parameter corresponds to the percentage change in strain recovery at a fixed time period after unloading.  The influence of various testing conditions on these two parameters is investigated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:29:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/798459</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BRINGING IN RESERVES AT OLD CLIFFE HILL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/701638</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents a discussion of the design and construction of a tunnel linking two quarries in Leicester, UK, to carry mineral reserves and excavated spoil. The site is a long-time source for a Precambrian granodiorite used for rail ballast and road aggregate. Two quarries near each other have been the main sources. The tunnel was proposed in response to environmental concerns of a local village, where the closest property is within 100 m of the route. The tunnel is 700 m long and is being excavated with drill and blast.  Because of nearness of houses, vibrations were tightly controlled. Blast design is described, including explosives used, emulsion amounts and initiation systems. The project illustrates some of the high risks associated with design and construct tunneling projects. Challenges included building to a 50-year design life, blast vibration levels, safety, choice of tunnel support and thorough site investigation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jun 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/701638</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOLVING THE JUNK VEHICLE PROBLEM. A GUIDE FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/62390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This guide for program development is designed to provide information to assist legislators and program administrators in the formulation of junk vehicle programs for their political jurisdictions. It provides a summary of the nature and scope of the problem; defines the need for public policy action; and describes the key elements of various types of junk vehicle programs, with assessments of the success of approaches which have been tried. A final section presents specifications of steps which may be taken at the state and local level to legislate and then to develop and implement effective and efficient junk vehicle programs, concluding with discussions of special considerations which can lead to cost-effective programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/62390</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF JUNK VEHICLE ABATEMENT PROGRAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/62389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study first presents a conceptual framework which both provides a theoretical economic explanation for the abandonment and dereliction of motor vehicles and permits an evaluation of a wide variety of public policies which have been proposed to reduce the incidence of these phenomena. Next, it develops a set of criteria for the selection of junk vehicle abatement programs for field surveying and employs these criteria to choose ten programs for detailed analysis. Finally, the study evaluates the relative effectiveness of these ten programs using the methodology derived in the conceptual framework. These evaluations demonstrate that the average cost of processing a vehicle in any of these programs is not unreasonably high and, consequently, that the development of junk vehicle abatement programs similar to the programs which have been evaluated in this study is potentially capable of producing an increase in economic efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/62389</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>INCINERATION STUDIES. VOLUME 2. 1975-APRIL 1977 (CITATIONS FROM THE ENGINEERING INDEX DATA BASE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/50834</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Worldwide research on the incineration of municipal, industrial, agricultural, and shipboard wastes is discussed. Topics cover incinerator design, air pollution control, materials recovery, heat recovery, pyrolysis incineration, and cost studies. (This updated bibliography contains 195 abstracts, 127 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/50834</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FLY ASH. VOLUME 3. 1978-NOVEMBER, 1979 (CITATIONS FROM THE NTIS DATA BASE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Government-sponsored research on fly ash generation, collection, disposal, and use is cited in the compilation. Studies on dust collection devices, filters, precipitators, and scrubbers are included. Additives for fly ash conditioning and combustion modification are studied, as well as fly ash analysis and fly ash related pollution sampling. The use of fly ash in soil stabilization, roads, cements, construction materials, and as absorbents are also covered. 132 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150341</guid>
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