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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>MATERIAL INVENTORIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121395</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS PAPER SUPPLEMENTS THOSE DEALING WITH RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EXPLORING FOR AND LOCATING GRANULAR DEPOSITS. ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PARTS OF ANY SURVEY INVOLVES RECORDING AND PRESENTING DATA IN A MANNER THAT CAN BE MOST READILY USED. THE PAPER HAS BEEN PREPARED PARTIALLY FROM A REVIEW OF LITERATURE BUT MOSTLY FROM DATA SECURED FROM 44 STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS. IT CONTAINS INFORMATION ON PUBLISHED DATA AS WELL AS THE PRESENT STATUS OF HIGHWAY/ MATERIAL INVENTORIES. THE METHODS EMPLOYED IN ESTABLISHING AN INVENTORY RECORD ARE DISCUSSED TOGETHER WITH CURRENT PRACTICES IN MAKING SUCH INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO PROSPECTIVE BIDDERS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:39:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121395</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS IN RELATION TO A MATERIALS SURVEY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121335</link>
      <description><![CDATA[IN MATERIALS SURVEYING, GEOLOGY SHOULD BE OF MAXIMUM BENEFIT, NOT AS A COMPLETE INFORMANT BUT AS A FOUNDATION FOR RECONNAISSANCE, ASSEMBLY, AND CATALOGING OF MATERIALS. GEOLOGY IN ESSENCE IS A MATERIALS SURVEY ON A GRAND SCALE. USE OF THIS SCIENCE FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES INVOLVES SOME PRIMARY KNOWLEDGE OF GEOLOGIC NOMENCLATURE, THE BASIC HISTORIC APPROACH OF GEOLOGISTS, AND THE USE OF RESOURCES AND DATA PUBLISHED BY STATE, FEDERAL, AND PRIVATE AGENCIES OVER A PERIOD OF 75 YEARS. RECOGNITION OF THE NEED FOR INFORMATION ON SURFACE CONDITIONS AS AN AID TO ENGINEERING AND ALLIED SCIENCES IS EMPHASIZED, AND IN RESPONSE TO THIS NEED, A NEW SYSTEM OF MAPPING IS CITED AND ILLUSTRATED IN WHICH A SPECIAL MAP OF SURFICIAL GEOLOGY IS PREPARED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE TRADITIONAL 'BEDROCK' GEOLOGIC MAPS. THE IMPORTANCE AND THE DIFFICULTY OF CONVERTING GEOLOGIC DATA TO ENGINEERING USES ARE CONSIDERED, AND IN LIEU OF A UNIVERSALLY SATISFACTORY MEANS FOR ACCOMPLISHING THIS, A FEW SPECIFIC CONVERSIONS ARE DISCUSSED AND ILLUSTRATED. EACH IS CONSIDERED SEPARATELY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF POSSIBLE MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS AND THE APPLICATION OF GEOLOGIC METHODS TO THE LOCATION OF USABLE MATERIALS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:38:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121335</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USE OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL MAPS FOR HIGHWAY ENGINEERING IN NEBRASKA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121293</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A STATE DEPARTMENT OF ROADS IS MAKING EXTENSIVE USE OF SOIL MAPS PUBLISHED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE CONSERVATION AND SURVEY DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA. THESE MAPS ARE USED FOR (1) ESTIMATING COSTS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS FOR PROGRAMMING, (2) LOCATING SLOPE STABILITY PROBLEMS, (3) ESTIMATING THE THICKNESS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS, (4) ESTIMATING THE GRANULAR FOUNDATION COURSE REQUIREMENTS FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS, (5) ESTIMATING THE NEED FOR A CLAY BLANKET ON GRAVEL SURFACED ROADS, (6) PLANNING SOIL SURVEYS, (7) LOCATING DEPOSITS OF MATERIALS FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION, AND (8) ESTIMATING DRAINAGE AND RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS FOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURE DESIGN.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:38:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121293</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ARIZONA MATERIALS INVENTORY REPORTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121036</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS PAPER PRESENTS A DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM AND CONTENT OF THE ARIZONA MATERIALS INVENTORY REPORTS. EACH REPORT COVERS ONE OF 14 ARIZONA COUNTIES THAT RANGE IN SIZE FROM APPROXIMATELY 1,400 TO NEARLY 10,000 SQ MI. THESE ARE SUBDIVIDED INTO MAP SHEET AREAS AVERAGING 30 BY 36 MI. A PIT AND QUARRY MAP LOCATES ALL KNOWN SOURCES BY SERIAL NUMBER AND APPROPRIATE SYMBOL. A PHOTOGEOLOGIC MAP SHOWS THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SOURCES TO THE SURFACE GEOLOGY. A DATA SHEET LISTS ALL SOURCES IN THE AREA BY SERIAL NUMBER AND DESCRIBES LOCATION, TYPE OF MATERIAL, MECHANICAL ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION OF EACH. THE REPORTS ARE TECHNICAL, BUT ARE WRITTEN SO THAT THEY MAY BE USED BY THE NON-ENGINEER OR GEOLOGIST MATERIALS PROSPECTOR. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:37:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121036</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METHODOLOGY OF THE OKLAHOMA MATERIALS INVENTORY RESEARCH PROJECT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121035</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE KNOWN SUPPLY OF QUALITY AGGREGATES IN OKLAHOMA IS VERY LIMITED AND IS RAPIDLY BECOMING EXHAUSTED IN MANY LOCALITIES . THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE METHODOLOGY USED TO LOCATE NEW SOURCES OF MATERIALS AND TO DETERMINE THE QUANTITY OF MATERIALS AVAILABLE FROM PREVIOUSLY KNOWN SOURCES AND FROM POTENTIAL SOURCES LOCATED DURING THE INVENTORY PROJECT. BASIC STEPS OF THE INVENTORY STUDIES INCLUDE: /1/ LIBRARY STUDY /THE ASSEMBLING OF EXISTING RECORDS OF PREVIOUSLY LOCATED MATERIAL SOURCES/, /2/ PROCESS OF EXISTING DATA /THE LISTING AND PUBLISHING OF PREVIOUSLY LOCATED POTENTIAL MATERIAL SOURCES/, /3/ FIELD DATA AND SAMPLING /INCLUDING FAMILIARIZATION COURSES, PRELIMINARY FIELD INVESTIGATIONS AND ESTABLISHING OF PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES/, /4/ LABORATORY TESTING AND ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS, AND /5/ CONSOLIDATION OF DATA AND FINAL REPORT. APPROXIMATELY ONE- THIRD OF THE STATE HAS BEEN SURVEYED SINCE THE PROJECT WAS INITIATED IN 1958, AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE RESEARCH PROJECT HAS ALREADY INCREASED CONSIDERABLY OKLAHOMAS KNOWN SOURCES OF QUALITY AGGREGATES FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:37:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121035</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VERMONT HIGHWAY MATERIALS INVENTORY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE METHODS USED BY THE VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS IN CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION AND ESTABLISHING AN INVENTORY OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS THROUGHOUT THE STATE ARE DESCRIBED. A SHORT STATEMENT CITING THE NEED FOR SUCH AN INVENTORY IS FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION OF THE CONDITIONS PECULIAR TO VERMONT LIMITING THE CHOICE OF METHODS USED. THIS METHOD OF INVESTIGATION WAS DEVELOPED OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS AFTER CAREFUL CONSIDERATION OF THE LIMITED FACTORS INVOLVED. THE SMALL SIZE OF THE STATE PERMITS A MORE DETAILED INVESTIGATION THAN WOULD BE ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE IN A LARGER AREA. AN INTENSIVE SEARCH FOR BOTH ROCK AND GRANULAR MATERIALS IS CONDUCTED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN EACH TOWN. THE METHOD USED PERMITS VISUAL OBSERVATION OF THE MATERIAL AT EACH OF THE TEST SITES AS WELL AS SAMPLING TO DETERMINE ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION FOR HIGHWAY USE. A DESCRIPTION IS GIVEN OF THE FINAL REPORT IN WHICH THE RESULTS OF THE SURVEY ARE TABULATED. THE REPORT IS COMPILED IN PAMPHLET FORM FOR EACH TOWN, AND INCLUDES SURFACE GEOLOGY MAPS OF BOTH ROCK STRUCTURE AND GRANULAR MATERIALS. THE EFFECTS OF THE INVESTIGATION ON THE HIGHWAY PROGRAM ARE ENUMERATED. BY RECOGNIZING NEW SOURCES OF MATERIAL, IT HAS REDUCED THE COST OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION, AND AFFECTED THE DESIGN OF PROPOSED HIGHWAYS. MANY NEW SOURCES, WHICH WERE NOT FOUND SUITABLE FOR FEDERAL OR STATE USE, ARE BEING USED BY THE TOWNS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:37:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121034</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AERIAL COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY AND ITS USE IN MATERIALS SURVEYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/120996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF AERIAL COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING COLOUR FILM FOR AERIAL MATERIALS SURVEYS ARE DISCUSSED. RESEARCH FOR THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN BECAUSE OF INCREASING INTEREST IN THE USE OF COLOUR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR HIGHWAY MATERIALS SURVEYS. THE FULL POTENTIAL HAS NOT BEEN REALIZED AND THE MANY MISCONCEPTIONS THAT EXIST CONCERNING THIS USE OF COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY. /RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:37:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/120996</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SURVEY, INTERSTATE ROUTE 80, GRANGER JUNCTION TO FLAMING GORGE JUNCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/118928</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS IS ONE OF A SERIES OF MATERIALS SURVEY REPORTS THAT ARE BEING PREPARED TO COVER THE STATE OF WYOMING. IN THE INITIAL PHASES OF THIS PROJECT, THE MATERIALS SURVEYS ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE AREAS OF INTERSTATE ROUTES. THE MATERIAL SURVEYS ARE PERFORMED BY A STUDY OF REFERENCE LITERATURE AND MAPS, AN INTERPRETATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS, SAMPLING, LABORATORY TESTS OF THE SAMPLES, AND A SUMMARY COMBINING ALL MAPS AND REPORTS INTO INDIVIDUAL TOWNSHIPS. THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION FOR THE AREA THAT LIES 20 MILES ON EACH SIDE OF INTERSTATE 80 BETWEEN GRANGER JUNCTION AND FLAMING GORGE JUNCTION. THE REPORT INCLUDES DESCRIPTIONS OF GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS, TEST HOLE LOGS AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES. THE REPORT ALSO CONTAINS MAPS SHOWING LOCATIONS OF GEOLOGICAL FORM- ATIONS, TEST HOLES, EXISTING PIT SITES, AND POTENTIAL SAND AND GRAVEL DEPOSITS. SPECIFIC CONCLUSIONS CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT WERE THAT WASATCH AND GREEN RIVER FORMATIONS HAVE LITTLE OR NO VALUE AS A SOURCE OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL. A PORTION OF THE BRIDGER FORMATION, SAND DUNES, ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS, SANDSTONE LEDGES HAD SOME VALUE AND THE BISHOP CONGLOMERATE HAD THE MOST VALUE AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:07:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/118928</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MATERIALS MAPPING AND SEISMIC STUDIES IN MASSACHUSETTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/118921</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A MATERIALS MAPPING STUDY INVOLVING TWENTY-FIVE 7 1/2- MINUTE QUADRANGLES IN WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS AND 6 IN THE EAST, IS REPORTED. SEVENTEEN QUADRANGLES INDICATED SAND AND GRAVEL RESOURCES INVOLVING AN INITIAL 3-FOOT DEPTH OF MATERIAL AS FOLLOWS' 1/ GRAVEL IN 246 DEPOSITS INVOLVING 60,950,000 CU. YDS., 2/ SAND IN 138 DEPOSITS INVOLVING 112,930,000 CU. YDS., AND 3/ UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND GRAVEL IN 341 DEPOSITS INVOLVING 150,000,000 CU. YDS. MUCH OF THE SEISMIC STUDY WORK REPORTED DEALS WITH ROUTINE SEISMIC INVESTIGATIONS MADE TO ESTABLISH THE SUBSURFACE ROCK LINE AT 30 SITE LOCATIONS ON 12 DIFFERENT HIGHWAY ROUTES. ATTEMPTS MADE TO IMPROVE INTERPRETATION OF SEISMIC MEASUREMENTS INCLUDED MODIFICATIONS OF ANALYTICAL METHODS SUCH AS RECIPROCAL TIME, THE RELATED OLDER METHODS OF DELAY TIME, ABC METHOD, CRITICAL DISTANCE VS ARRIVAL TIME METHODS AND COMPUTING DEPTH-SHOT POINT OFFSETS. CHANGES IN INSTRUMENTATION INCLUDED GEOPHONES OF VARIOUS RESONANT FREQUENCY, CATHODE RAY TUBE AND COUNTING-TUBE TYPES OF INTERVAL TIMERS, AND REFLECTION SIESMOGRAPHS; AND CHANGES IN SEISMOMETER-TO-GROUND COUPLING, EXPLOSIVE VS NONEXPLOSIVE ENERGY SOURCES, AND ENERGY SOURCE-TO-GROUND COUPLING. NONE OF THESE DEVICES PROVIDED A SIMPLE UNIQUE METHOD OF IMPROVING PREDICTIONS AT PROBLEM SITES. MUCH OF THE CURRENT STUDY DEALS WITH ONE TEST SITE, SOUTHBOROUGH FAI 495, FOR WHICH THE INITIAL SEISMIC INTERPRETATIONS FOR DEPTH TO ROCK WERE GREATLY IN ERROR WHEN COMPARED TO CONDITIONS FOUND DURING CONSTRUCTION. ADDITIONAL SEISMIC TESTS AND A THOROUGH GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION FAILED TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:07:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/118921</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SURVEY OF AVAILABILITY OF SAND AND GRAVEL IN CONNECTICUT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/118920</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS SURVEY IS AN INVENTORY BY TOWNS OF THE AVAILABILITY OF SAND AND GRAVEL WITH A COMPILATION OF THE REGULATIONS REGARDING EXCAVATION OF THIS MATERIAL IN THE INDIVIDUAL TOWNS. THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF MATERIAL THAT IS AVAILABLE IN THE 170 LISTED TOWNS IS INDICATED. THE TABULATIONS ALSO GIVE THE NUMBER OF SOURCES IN EACH TOWN, THE PRICE RANGES PER CUBIC YARD AS OF DECEMBER, 1964, AND THE EXCAVATION REGULATIONS OF THE VARIOUS TOWNS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:07:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/118920</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIGHWAY SIGNING RESEARCH-A SURVEY OF MATERIALS AND RESEARCH NEEDS RELATING TO THEIR USE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/107979</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN HIGHWAY SIGNING MATERIALS WAS MADE. PROBLEMS IN NEED OF ADDITIONAL RESEARCH WERE IDENTIFIED, AND PLANS FOR ACCOMPLISHING THESE NEEDS WERE DELINEATED. THE VARIOUS MATERIALS AVAILABLE FOR USE, THEIR SERVICEABILITY, AND TESTS AND SPECIFICATIONS USED TO OBTAIN OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE WERE TO BE DETERMINED. A STUDY WAS MADE OF THE PATENT AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE. VISITS WERE MADE TO SIGN SHOPS, OBSERVATIONS MADE OF SIGN ENVIRONMENTS AND FIELD CONDITIONS, AND A SURVEY MADE OF STATE PRACTICES AND SPECIFICATIONS. INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON SIGN SUPPORTS, SUBSTRATES, AND SIGN FACING MATERIALS WITH EMPHASIS ON RETROREFLECTIVE MATERIALS WAS REVIEWED. A DEFINITE NEED WAS FOUND FOR INFORMATION ON THE RELATIVE SERVICEABILITY OF COMPETITIVE MATERIALS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBJECTIVE AND STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES, INCLUDING PHOTOMETRIC EVALUATION, TO ENSURE COMPETITIVE PURCHASE OF MATERIALS AND SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO VISUAL EFFECTIVENESS AND DURABILITY. AMONG THE MULTIPLICITY OF STATE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS AVAILABLE, THERE WAS NO GENERAL AGREEMENT ON WHAT IS REQUIRED OF SIGN FACING MATERIALS. THE DESCRIPTIONS AND STANDARDS APPEARED TO BE BASED MORE ON PRODUCTS THAN ON OBJECTIVE PROPERTIES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/107979</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND THE MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110287</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 02 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110287</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO THE LOCATION AND DESIGN OF FREEWAYS IN CALIFORNIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/93513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS ARE USED IN PRACTICALLY ALL OF THE STAGES OF FREEWAY PLANNING AND DESIGN IN CALIFORNIA. AMONG THE USES MENTIONED FOR CONTACT PRINTS, ENLARGEMENTS, AND MOSAICS ARE PRELIMINARY LOCATION STUDIES, PROJECT REPORTS, PUBLIC MEETINGS, STUDY OF DESIGN DETAILS, DETERMINATION OF DRAINAGE AREAS, MATERIALS INVESTIGATIONS, AND RIGHT-OF-WAY APPRAISAL, NEGOTIATION AND CONDEMNATION. DATA ARE PRESENTED SHOWING THE EXTENT TO WHICH AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS HAVE BEEN USED FOR ROUTE STUDIES IN A TYPICAL NORTHERN CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY DISTRICT. WHERE MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATION IS REQUIRED FOR ROUTE STUDIES, THE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS ARE SUPPLEMENTED BY TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS. IN AREAS WHERE THEY ARE AVAILABLE, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY QUADRANGEL MAPS WILL FREQUENTLY SUFFICE. IN OTHER CASES RECONNASISSANCE-TYPE MAPPING IS OBTAINED BY CONTRACT. AFTER THE GENERAL LOCATION OF THE FREEWAY IS DETERMINED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING, USUALLY AT A SCALE OF 1 IN. =50 FT WITH 2-FT CONTOURS, IS OBTAINED FOR DETAILED DESIGN WORK. ACCURATE, ADEQUATELY MONUMENTED CONTROL SURVEYS FOR USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING ARE AN IMPORTANT FEATURE OF CALIFORNIA PRACTICE. SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER SCALES OF OF MAPPING FOR DESIGN USE ARE DISCUSSED. THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS FOR THE CALCULATION OF EARTHWORK QUANTITIES HAS LARGELY SUPERSEDED OTHER METHODS. TERRAIN AND ROADBED NOTES SIMILAR TO CONVENTIONAL SURVEY NOTES ARE PREPARED BY THE DESIGNER FOR MACHINE COMPUTATION. DATA FOR TERRAIN NOTES ARE OBTAINED FROM THE LARGE-SCALE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPS. CHANGES IN LIEN OR GRADE CAN BE MADE BY DESIGNATING HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL SHIFTS OF THE ROADBED NOTES. A FEW SAMPLE CROSS-SECTIONS FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ARE PLOTTED AS REQUIRED USUALLY AT A SMALL SCALE. PRELIMINARY QUANTITIES FORM AERIAL CONTOUR MAPS HAVE GENERALLY AGREED WITH FINAL QUANTITIES WITHIN LESS THAN 2 1/2 PERCENT. SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS IN COST AND MANPOWER THROUGH THE USE OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING AND ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS ARE REPORTED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/93513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USING AERIAL PHOTOS TO LOCATE GRANULAR FILL MATERIAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/90532</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE RELIABILITY OF USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION AS ONE OF THE FASTEST AND MOST ECONOMICAL METHODS OF LOCATING GRANULAR MATERIALS IS DESCRIBED AND DEMONSTRATED. THE INVESTIGATION COVERS THE INDENTIFICATION FEATURES OF GRANULAR DEPOSITS AND A LIST OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRANULAR LANDFORMS. AERIAL AND GROUND PHOTOGRAPHS SHOW THE FEATURES DESCRIBED. EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN TO DEMONSTRATE THE PROCEDURES USED BY THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, TULSA DISTRICT, IN LOCATING GRANULAR FILL MATERIAL FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS FOR SEVERAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. SEVEN PILOT PROJECTS, WHICH CAN BE EXTRAPOLATED TO OTHER AREAS, WERE SELECTED FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AS POTENTIAL SOURCES OF GRANULAR MATERIAL. A 2-DAY FIELD EXPLORATION SHOWED THAT SIX SITES CONTAINED GRAVEL SUITABLE FOR USE IN GRILLED ROLLED BASE COURSES. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Jun 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/90532</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COLOR PHOTOS FOR HIGHWAY ENGINEERING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/93443</link>
      <description><![CDATA[RESULTS OF THE USE OF AERIAL COLOR TRANSPARENCIES AND PRINTS IN ENGINEERING MATERIALS SURVEYS BY THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY PROJECTS OFFICE, REGION 9, U. S. BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS, SHOWS THAT THEY HAVE MANY ADVANTAGES OVER BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS. A PHOTOGRAPHY SCALE OF 1:6,000 SEEMS TO PROVIDE OPTIMUM RESULTS FOR MATERIALS SURVEYS. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF INFRARED COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWS THAT ALTHOUGH IT DOES HAVE SOME ADVANTAGES OVER CONVENTIONAL COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS FOR ENGINEERING INTERPRETATION, IT CAN BE BEST EMPLOYED AS A SUPPLEMENT TO COLOR FILM. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STEREOIMAGE ALTERNATOR SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE MADE BY THE FILM INDUSTRY MADE IT POSSIBLE TO USE COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS FOR TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING WITH DOUBLE PROJECTION ANAGLYPHIC PLOTTING INSTRUMENTS AS WELL AS FOR INTERPRETATION. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/93443</guid>
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