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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7TW9udG1vcmlsbG9uaXRlJnF1b3Q7IiBvcmlnaW5hbF92YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7TW9udG1vcmlsbG9uaXRlJnF1b3Q7IiAvPjwvZmlsdGVycz48cmFuZ2VzIC8+PHNvcnRzPjxzb3J0IGZpZWxkPSJwdWJsaXNoZWQiIG9yZGVyPSJkZXNjIiAvPjwvc29ydHM+PHBlcnNpc3RzPjxwZXJzaXN0IG5hbWU9InJhbmdldHlwZSIgdmFsdWU9InB1Ymxpc2hlZGRhdGUiIC8+PC9wZXJzaXN0cz48L3NlYXJjaD4=" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Rheological and micro characteristics of asphalt containing different nanocomposite ratios of CeO₂/MMT during thermal-oxidative and ultraviolet aging</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2605606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To enhance the long-term service performance of asphalt pavements under aging conditions, this study investigated the effects of nano-CeO₂/montmorillonite (MMT) composites at different ratios (CM0.2, CM0.5, CM1.0) on the rheological properties and microstructural characteristics of asphalt subjected to various aging protocols. By employing dynamic shear rheological (DSR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests, the performance changes of nano-CeO₂/MMT composite-modified asphalt (CMMA) under thermal-oxidative aging (rolling thin film oven (RTFOT, 163 ℃, 85 min), pressure aging vessel (PAV, 100 ℃, 2.1 MPa, 20 h)) and ultraviolet (UV, 60 ℃, 6 d) aging was systematically analyzed. The CM0.5 composite demonstrated superior anti-aging efficacy: the UV absorption capability of CeO₂ synergized with the lamellar physical barrier effect of MMT to effectively inhibit oxidative cross-linking of asphalt macromolecules. Compared to the base asphalt, CMMA with CM0.5 (CMMA0.5) exhibited significantly enhanced rheological properties, including higher complex modulus and rutting factor, along with outstanding high-temperature deformation resistance. Following UV aging, CMMA0.5 showed a 44 % reduction in the complex modulus aging index (CMAI) at 60 °C compared to the base asphalt. AFM results further confirmed the stability of the "bee structure" in CMMA0.5 before and after UV aging, with minimal variations in surface roughness, modulus, and adhesion force. The nano-composite modification strategy proposed here achieves functional complementarity between CeO₂’s UV absorption and MMT’s physical barrier, offering an innovative solution for improving asphalt pavement durability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:42:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2605606</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of Surface Treated Montmorillonite Nano Clay on Oxidative Aging Properties of Bitumen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407998</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present study was undertaken to address the influence of surface-treated Montmorillonite Nano Clay (MNC) on aging and temperature susceptibility of base bitumen. This study used a control VG-30 grade bitumen as base binder with different percentages of MNC by weight of bitumen (3–6% at an increment of 0.5%). Surface modification of MNC was done with Octadecyl amine and Aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The binder’s aging susceptibility was characterized using different aging indices determined based on conventional and performance parameters. The outcome of the aging indices indicates a significant improvement in temperature and aging resistance potential of base bitumen with the incorporation of NC. It can also be stated that an increase in aging resistance can be effective in delaying the intermediate temperature cracking of bitumen. The overall study inferred that the addition of MNC can be considered to sustain bitumen's oxidative aging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2025 08:57:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407998</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anti-aging and self-healing SBS-modified bitumen waterproofing membrane based on montmorillonite and dynamic acylhydrazone bonds</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2578623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer modified bitumen (SMB) waterproofing membrane with excellent anti-aging and crack self-healing properties is important to solve the persistent problems of building leakage. In this study, vinyltriethoxysilane modified montmorillonite (VTES-MMT) and acylhydrazone compound (AC) were synthesized and used to prepare a novel anti-aging and self-healing SMB. The structures of VTES-MMT and AC were characterized, and the effects of VTES-MMT and AC on the microstructure, physical properties, mechanical properties, self-healing properties and aging properties of SMB were systematically investigated. The results show that vinyl-functionalized VTES-MMT and AC with vinyl ends were successfully synthesized and they have good thermal stability. VTES-MMT and dynamic acylhydrazone bonds were introduced into SMB through the cross-linking reaction between vinyl and SBS. VTES-MMT and AC improved the dispersion stability, physical and mechanical properties of SMB and endowed it with excellent crack self-healing properties. Compared with SMB, the healing index (HI) and the impermeable pressure of VTES-MMT/AC/SMB increased by 52.86 % and 0.41 MPa. The introduction of VTES-MMT and dynamic acylhydrazone bonds effectively mitigated the oxidative condensation of bitumen and the chain-breaking degradation of SBS during the aging process. Compared with SMB, the low temperature flexibility increment, elongation at break retention rate and peel strength retention rate of VTES-MMT/AC/SMB were reduced by 6℃, 18.66 % and 21.76 % after UV aging, respectively. The cracks of VTES-MMT/AC/SMB could still be healed completely after aging, and its HI and impermeability pressure decreased by only 14.38 % and 0.08 MPa after UV aging, which implied that the synergistic effect of VTES-MMT and AC significantly improved the aging resistance of SMB, and VTES-MMT/AC/SMB still maintained a good crack self-healing ability after aging.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:54:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2578623</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Nano-montmorillonite on the Self-Healing Properties of Asphalt from Thermodynamic and Molecular Dynamic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548988</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The healing properties of base asphalt and Styrene-butane-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt with the incorporation of nano-montmorillonite (MMT) were investigated. Healing indices based on modulus and fatigue life were employed to assess both single- and multiple-healing processes in asphalt binders. The underlying self-healing mechanisms were explored using sessile drop tests and molecular dynamics simulations, providing insights from both energetic and microscopic perspectives. It was observed that the addition of MMT at concentrations exceeding 3 % significantly enhanced the healing performance of asphalt following multiple instances of microdamage. The improved healing was attributed to the enhanced cohesive properties of the asphalt and its adhesion to aggregates, suggesting increased surface activity at the sites of microdamage, which facilitated more effective crack closure. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that MMT promoted greater diffusion efficiency and free volume of asphalt molecules, along with heightened molecular thermal motion activity. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the self-healing behavior of asphalt in the absence of external energy input.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2025 09:13:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548988</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Microscopic morphology and adhesion performance of SBS/OMMT modified asphalt under chloride salt erosion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2481880</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Saline environment leads to the deterioration of asphalt adhesion behaviors, significantly impacting road surface lifespan. The objective of this study is to employ Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) composite-modified asphalt to enhance its resistance to salt erosion. The microscopic structure, mechanical properties and nonlinear dynamical system stability of the SBS-OMMT modified asphalt before and after chloride salt erosion were assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Various parameters including morphology, roughness, fractal dimension, height-height correlation function (HHCF), (Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov) DMT modulus, adhesion and Lyapunov exponent were comprehensively analyzed to assess the SBS-OMMT modified asphalt. Results indicate that with increasing OMMT content, the quantity of "bee structures" in the SBS-OMMT modified asphalt increases while surface roughness and adhesion decrease, and the DMT modulus of the bee regions increases. Post chloride salt erosion, the "bee structures" in the SBS-OMMT modified asphalt become indistinct, peak-valley depth tends toward flatness, surface roughness and bee area DMT modulus increase, and adhesion decreases. Among these, the 5 % OMMT content in the SBS-OMMT modified asphalt exhibits the least variation. Fractal dimension reflects changes in the "bee structures" due to OMMT content and chloride salt erosion. HHCF provides information on roughness variation. SBS modified asphalt chloride salt erosion into a chaotic state, and OMMT can increase its stability. Research findings suggest that OMMT to a certain extent can resist the adverse effects of chloride salt on asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Feb 2025 10:56:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2481880</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of g-C₃N₄/MMT Composite on High Rheological Behaviors and Catalytic Properties of Asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387384</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The adverse impact of vehicle emissions on the roadside environment is becoming increasingly serious. Traditional catalytic materials exhibit a singular practical effect and are prone to aggregation within asphalt systems. This study employed organic montmorillonite (MMT) as a two-dimensional nanomaterial load-bearing phase for graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) based on the structural features of available materials and the concept of composite material construction, resulting in the synthesis of a g-C₃N₄/MMT composite material (CN-M). The phase composition, binding behavior, thermal stability, physical adsorption capacity, and morphology of CN-M were studied systematically. The results demonstrate that CN-M possesses stable properties and structural morphology. The specific surface area of CN-M is 3.38 times that of g-C₃N₄, indicating superior spatial confinement capabilities. A comprehensive analysis was conducted from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives on the modification mechanism, rheological characteristics, aging behavior, and catalytic performance of the modified asphalt. It is speculated that CN-M disperses in a layered state within the asphalt binder, effectively restricting the movement of asphalt macromolecular chains. When the CN-M content reached 5%, the modified asphalt exhibited a high-temperature critical temperature of 71.6°C, showcasing optimal high-temperature rheological performance and aging resistance. The prepared modified asphalt mixture demonstrated the ability for waste degradation, achieving a degradation rate of 21.66% for nitric oxide (NO). The research results provide technical support for the development and application of catalytic asphalt materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Aug 2024 15:31:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2387384</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Composition design of waxy warm mix agent and organic montmorillonite modified bitumen considering volatile organic compound emission</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2349698</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are becoming an increasingly significant issue because of the increasing demand for bitumen in road engineering. This study attempted to develop a type of fume-suppressed bitumen with good comprehensive performance. Initially, 1, 2, and 3% organic montmorillonite and 2, 3, and 4% waxy warm-mix agents were utilised to modify bitumen. Subsequently, the fume suppression and physical and construction performances of the modified bitumen were evaluated, and the modified bitumen with the best comprehensive performance was determined. On this basis, constant- and variable-temperature heating modes were designed to verify the fuel suppression performance of the modified bitumen thoroughly. Finally, the modification mechanism of modified bitumen was investigated via atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that the modifier had the greatest impact on the ductility of the modified bitumen in terms of its physical performance. Although waxy warm mixed agents increase VOC emissions, organic montmorillonite can inhibit this effect. The modified bitumen, composed of 2% organic montmorillonite and 2% waxy warm mix agent, has the best comprehensive performance, with a 40.6% emission reduction rate under constant temperature heating mode and 46.4–28% range from 200 ℃ to 120 ℃ under another mode. The waxy warm mix agents and organic montmorillonite-modified bitumen developed into continuous and dispersed phase systems, respectively, leading to variations in the modified bitumen’s physical performance and VOC emission capacity. In contrast, the composite-modified bitumen exhibited a two-phase structure with the surface morphology of an ‘egg tray’. This unique structure enhances the heating surface area and facilitates heat conduction, improving the bitumen performance during construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2024 09:38:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2349698</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing asphaltic mixtures with Calcined Nano Montmorillonite: A performance assessment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2300206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are increasing interest in using nanoclay particles to improve asphalt binder and the produced concrete in pavement engineering. However so far most of the study was to directly use the nanoclays in natural material conditions, which come with some inefficient factors affecting the final effectiveness of the modified asphalt binder and the made concrete. This paper reports extensive experimental research on using preprocessed nanoclay, the Calcined Nano Montmorillonite (CNMM), to modify asphalt binder, compared with using natural Nano Montmorillonite (NMM). The nanoclays were added in asphalt as additive at different content rates ranging from 0% to 10% by the weight of asphalt binder. Experimental tests were performed on both of the modified asphalt binders and the concrete mixes using them. The study showed that at a 10% content CNMM demonstrated 32% improvement on Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and 5.25% less permanent deformation after exposed 10,000 load repetitions; at 6% CNMM presented 57.5% improvement on the CTindex for fatigue resistance. Meanwhile, the SEM analysis proved a distinctive morphological difference between NMM and CNMM, which indicates the optimized microscopic structure of the CNMM for the improvement on the interlock and adhesion with asphalt binder. In comparison, the optimum dosage for NMM is identified at 4%, while CNMM is at around 6%. The economic viability of the use of CNMM against the use of NMM has also been discussed in reference to the local material prices. In consideration of a balance between cost and performance, 6% content is recommended for the use of CNMM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Dec 2023 09:13:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2300206</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-scale study of compound modified asphalt materials by waste cooking oil and organic montmorillonite on high temperature performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2267456</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt binder as a by-product of petroleum is a finite resource. Hence, finding an alternative material for asphalt binder is a potential topic in the road engineering. Performance of compound-modified asphalt material at high temperatures, by waste cooking oil (WCO) and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was investigated in this study, and the multi-scale correlation evaluation was conducted. The findings revealed that the bio-oil significantly reduces the barrier to rutting of asphalt materials within multi-scales, and rutting resistance was reduced with increased content. High-temperature performance can be regained or even better than that of base asphalt materials when WCO Bio-oil: OMMT is 1:1, and OMMT can compensate for the loss of high-temperature performance. Besides, the multi-scale correlation analysis shows that the Jnr3.2 index of OMMT composite modified bio-asphalt mastic, asphalt mixtures' resistance to rutting at high temperatures can be predicted using their short-term aging condition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Nov 2023 11:46:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2267456</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rheological Properties of SBS-Modified Asphalt Containing Aluminum Hydroxide and Organic Montmorillonite</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2251065</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The composite flame retardant composed of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) is of potential application value in the tunnel asphalt pavement. To investigate the effect of ATH and OMMT on the rheological properties of SBS modified asphalt at high and low temperatures. In this study, the composite ATH/OMMT/SBS modified asphalt was subjected to multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), linear amplitude sweep test (LAS), and Bending beam rheometer (BBR) experiments. Analysis of high and low temperature rheological properties and fatigue properties of composite ATH/OMMT/SBS modified asphalt under the conditions of single incorporation and composite modification. The findings of the tests suggest that ATH can significantly improve the fatigue life but has adverse impact on the creep recovery property of asphalt materials, OMMT has a significant improvement effect on the low-temperature performance, however, the detrimental effect of OMMT on fatigue performance is greater than the improvement of ATH. The research results provide a reference for the practical application of flame retardants.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 2023 15:46:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2251065</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating the Addition of Organomontmorillonite Nanoclay and Its Effects on the Performance of Asphalt Binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2189252</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt binder aging is a complex phenomenon that plays an essential role in reducing flexible pavement serviceability. The aging resistance of asphalt binder can be enhanced through the binder modification. This research investigates the impact of aging on unmodified and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay modified asphalt binders. In this study, laboratory aging is carried out for asphalt binders modified with two types of OMMT nanoclays at different dosages (2% and 4% by weight of the binder). The asphalt binders are subjected to short-term and long-term aging using a rolling thin-film oven and pressure aging vessel equipment. Rheological properties of the aged and unaged binders are determined using a dynamic shear rheometer. In addition, storage stability, full performance grading, and rutting resistance of the binders are evaluated and compared. Aging indices were calculated to investigate the aging behavior of the unmodified and modified binders. The results showed that the montmorillonite nanoclay-modified asphalts had improved resistance to aging compared with the unmodified binder.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jun 2023 09:16:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2189252</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance evaluation of surface-treated montmorillonite nanoclay-modified bitumen binder at high- and intermediate-temperature conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2144237</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of surface treated Montmorillonite Nano Clay (NC) on performance of bitumen. The modification of bitumen was prepared using VG-30 grade bitumen with different percentages of NC by weight of bitumen (3% to 6%). Prior to mixing, surface of NC modified with Octadecyl amine and Aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Temperature susceptibility was evaluated using activation energy parameter. Rutting behavior was characterized using temperature sweep and multiple stress creep recovery tests. Fatigue performance was assessed using temperature sweep and linear amplitude sweep tests. Results inferred the potential benefit of NC in lowering the degree of temperature susceptibility. The trend of performance parameters indicate significant improvement in rutting and fatigue cracking resistance. Moreover, optimum dosage of surface treated NC was found to be 4.5% at which the binder showed significant improvement in resistance to rutting, fatigue and high temperature aging without affecting the storage stability property.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 May 2023 10:58:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2144237</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation on High Temperature Rheological Properties of Nano-Montmorillonite Modified Asphalt Binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2131921</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The requirements for modified asphalt are increasing due to heavier load conditions and worse serving environments in modern highway construction. One of the methods for improving the properties of asphalt binder is to combine it with nano-montmorillonite (nano-MMT) because of the special nanolayer structure. This paper presents a study to evaluate physical and rheological properties of nano-MMT modified asphalt binders. The nano-MMT modified asphalt binder was prepared by melt blending different nano-MMT amounts. The physical properties of asphalt binder, including penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity, were tested. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was carried out to evaluate high temperature rheological characteristics. Additionally, the high temperature storage stability was also discussed. Moreover, the effects of nano-MMT content on the abovementioned properties of nano-MMT–modified asphalt binder were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the penetration and ductility were decreased and the viscosity of the asphalt binder was increased by the addition of nano-MMT; however, the values enhancement represented more significantly when the content was up to 5 %. The modified asphalts especially exhibited higher complex moduli (G*), lower phase angles (δ), and higher rutting factors (G*/sin δ). These indicate that the addition of nano-MMT into the asphalt matrix can greatly improve the dynamic rheological and viscoelastic properties, which results in enhanced resistance to rutting at high temperatures. The storage stability tests disclosed that the asphalts modified with nano-MMT were very stable when nano-MMT content was less than 5 wt. %.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:12:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2131921</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Study of Nano Inorganic Mineral Modified Bitumen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2000587</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to meet the requirements of heavy load traffic and improve the performance of asphalt pavement, experiments are carried out to study the nano inorganic mineral modified asphalt in this paper. In addition, the optimum asphalt content is determined by optimizing the asphalt mixture ratio. Furthermore, in terms of the pavement with different dosage of nano montmorillonite mixtures, laboratory tests are conducted to study the performance, i.e., high temperature stability, water stability, and low temperature cracking resistance. By comparing the content of nano montmorillonite 0% and 6%, the results show that the DS value and TSR value increased by 67.8% and 11.6%, respectively, indicating that adding nano montmorillonite can effectively improve the high temperature stability and the water stability of the asphalt mixture. In addition, the bending stiffness modulus reduced by 2.4% and the flexural tensile strength (strain) increased by 6.3% (7.6%), which indicates that the content of nano montmorillonite has little effects on the low temperature cracking resistance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 May 2023 13:28:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2000587</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Effects of Nano-Montmorillonite on the Key Healing Factors of Asphalt Binders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2128846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effects of nano-montmorillonite (MMT) on the key healing factors of base asphalt and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt binder were investigated. The flow behavior of the nano-modified asphalt binder was measured using the viscosity-frequency sweep test, and the power law equation was calculated to determine the value of the optimum healing temperature. The healing performance of asphalt at different healing temperatures and healing times was examined using the fatigue-rest-fatigue test, and the full healing time was derived by fitting the healing function. In addition, the healing mechanism of the MMT-enhanced asphalt binder was analyzed from the perspective of surface free energy theory. The results demonstrated that increasing the MMT dose enhanced the healing performance under various healing situations, as well as the softening point and optimal healing temperature of binders. The higher binder healing efficiency was caused by the decrease in full healing time. The nanoparticles increased the surface free energy of the asphalt binder, which hastened the wetting of the microcrack interface and facilitated the healing process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Apr 2023 16:19:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2128846</guid>
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