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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Investigation on the moisture resistance and mechanism of asphalt concrete using metallurgical solid waste as anti-stripping agent</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The sustainable transition of the steel industry is constrained by the limited utilization of metallurgical solid waste (MSW); however, its potential cementitious activity enables its application as anti-stripping agent in asphalt pavement, thereby significantly promoting its utilization. This study investigates the feasibility of employing multiple-MSW including steel slag (SS), flue gas desulfurization ash (FGDA) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as anti-stripping agent in asphalt concrete. The physicochemical properties of FGDA, SS and GBFS were first characterized, and then the MSWs were mixed to produce the solid-waste-based anti-stripping agent (SWA). Then, simulated water-vapor erosion was conducted on the SWA modified asphalt mortar. Rheological properties, surface free energy, and chemical functional groups of the asphalt mortar were evaluated respectively. Finally, the water-damage resistance of asphalt concrete with SWA was further assessed. The results indicate that SWA contains abundant alkaline minerals and exhibits potential hydration activity; the finer particle size of which enhances compatibility with asphalt. The addition of SWA within asphalt increases the compactness and mechanical performance of asphalt mortar. Compared with limestone powder (LP) asphalt mortar, SWA asphalt mortar exhibits superior rheological properties at high temperature, demonstrating better rutting resistance. SWA enhanced the adhesion work between asphalt and aggregate, also decreased the peeling rate, which confirms the interfacial reinforcement effect of SWA. The water-resistance performance of SWA-modified asphalt concrete has been markedly improved. After replacing LP with SWA in the asphalt-mastic mixture, RSM and TSR increase by 14.2% and 9.0%, respectively, while Cantabro mass loss decreases by 5.0%. Based on the performance comparisons, SWA can be used as an anti-stripping agent to enhance the water-resistance of asphalt concrete and thereby extend the service life of the road.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 12:23:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680439</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Surface modified aggregates for enhanced moisture resistance in cold mix asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Siliceous aggregates are prone to moisture damage due to their high-water affinity and poor adhesion to bitumen. This study evaluates their bonding mechanism using two mineral powders (CaCO₃, HL) and three liquid anti-stripping agents (LAT, LAD, ZT) through surface modification at varying dosages. The investigation was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved a modified boiling water test on mixes cured at 20°C and 40°C for 6, 24, and 72 h to optimize the anti-stripping agent concentration. Phase 2 employed surface free energy analysis as an additional test to validate moisture damage behaviour. Phase 1 results showed that HL and ZT achieved the highest coating retention due to the formation of ionic and covalent bonds, respectively. LAT and LAD exhibited poor resistance because of weak hydrogen bonding, while CaCO₃ failed to bond chemically. Regression analysis indicated that higher curing temperatures accelerated moisture loss and bond formation. Optimal dosages were 1 % (by weight) for HL and 1:200 dilution for ZT; higher HL reduced coating retention by 20.7 %, and increased ZT dosage gave marginal gains. Phase 2 results showed slight wettability improvement with LAT and LAD, while ZT-coated aggregates achieved up to 648 % enhancement. Energy ratio analysis confirmed “good adhesion” for ZT across all aggregates, mixed performance for control mixes, and “very poor” values for LAT and LAD. Mineral powders failed to yield contact angles due to surface irregularities from CaCO₃ precipitation. Overall, ZT and HL demonstrated superior bonding and moisture resistance among all modifiers studied.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2026 16:36:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651634</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Hydraulic Properties of the Subgrade with a Hydrophobic Barrier in Saline Soil Areas: Soil Column Tests and Numerical Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In saline soil areas, the intrusion of moisture and salt into the road or railway subgrades can prompt their decay and consequently impact the infrastructure. This study proposes a novel measure, namely the hydrophobic sand barrier, to mitigate water and salt-induced degradation of the subgrade. Due to the low affinity to water, the hydrophobic sand can retard or even prevent water infiltration and movement in soils, showing its potential use as a hydraulic barrier. To demonstrate its applicability in the subgrade in saline soil region, this paper assesses the hydraulic performance of hydrophobic sand induced by two hydrophobic agents (dichlorodimethylsilane and Tung oil) through soil column test and finite element numerical analysis. The results indicate that both types of hydrophobic sands could retard water infiltration, while the dichlorodimethylsilane induced one had greater resistance to infiltration. The numerical analysis showed that in subgrades with a hydrophobic sand barrier, the distribution of groundwater within the subgrade is related to the type of hydrophobic agent, the thickness of the barrier, and the groundwater level. Therefore, in the design and construction of subgrade, the type of hydrophobic material, the thickness of the hydrophobic sand barrier, humidity field patterns and subgrade height should be comprehensively considered to address the construction feasibility of the subgrade.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:30:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658027</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improving Moisture Resistance/Control of Pavement Foundation Systems via Engineered Water Repellency
</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659346</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this project is to evaluate the use of nanoscale organo-silane (OS) to control water and increase subgrade and overall pavement performance. It will also explore the extent to which OS can mitigate frost heave-thaw settlement and thaw weakening of frost susceptible pavement foundation layers. This will be achieved through the completion of four objectives: (1) collect both subgrade soils and OS materials; (2) develop a viable treatment design for field construction; (3) construct test sites with OS and without OS (control) and evaluate their geomechanical (e.g., stiffness, strength, F-T durability) and environmental (e.g., temperature, moisture, and matric suction) performances; and (4) collect data and calibrate numerical models. Advanced technologies provided as a match to the project will be used, including Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and shape array sensors (SAS).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 16:09:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659346</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Novel Approach to Reduce Acid Value of Waste Edible Oil Using Nano Calcium Oxide and Its Effect on Asphalt Moisture Susceptibility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Moisture-induced damage remains a critical challenge for asphalt pavements, particularly when bio-oils with inherently high acid values are utilized as sustainable modifiers. Conventional chemical routes for acid value reduction, while effective, are often time-consuming and have complexity for performing in real-scale scenarios, leaving a significant research gap for practical, efficient, and scalable alternatives. This study proposes a novel approach to simultaneously rejuvenate long-term aged asphalt binder (LTAB) with waste edible oil (WEO) and mitigate its acidity using nano-calcium oxide (nano-CaO), aiming to enhance binder–aggregate adhesion and moisture resistance. An optimum dosage of 6.7% WEO was determined based on penetration and softening point tests. Subsequently, nano-CaO was incorporated at 1%, 3%, and 5% dosages through two methods, including pre-mixing with WEO and post-mixing with bio-binder. Chemical analyses showed that pre-mixing nano-CaO reduced the acid value of WEO by up to 78%. WEO alone decreased asphaltenes by 23%, while pre-mixing with nano-CaO achieved a cumulative reduction of 35% relative to LTAB. High-molecular-weight species declined by up to 18%, oxidative indices by ~22%, and colloidal instability index (CII) by 37% (from 1.41 to 0.88, entering stable sol regime <0.9), confirming effective acid neutralization and colloidal stabilization. Performance evaluation revealed substantial improvements: the Moisture-Induced Shear-Thinning Index values increased by 25-35% in pre-mixed samples, while Hamburg wheel tracking tests confirmed a reduction in proportional rut depth percentage (from 30.1% to 4.9%) and more than 71.9% extension of the stripping inflection point, highlighting superior rutting and stripping resistance. Pre-mixing yielded better results than post-mixing, owing to more efficient neutralization and nanoparticle dispersion. These findings establish nano-CaO-assisted bio-oil modification as a cost-effective and sustainable pathway to reduce moisture susceptibility in asphalt binders and mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 17:03:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recycled Materials in Vertical Moisture Barriers: Phase II Study Report of UTEP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2567134</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this project was to identify waste material, evaluate the feasibility of its safe usage as a vertical moisture barrier and develop guidelines/specifications for usage by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The project was divided into three phases: Phase I, Comprehensive literature review and identification of waste material, Phase ll, Evaluation of identified waste material, and Phase III, Development of guidelines and specifications for the usage of recycled material as a vertical moisture barrier. The purpose of this report is to submit the findings of the second phase work performed at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). The flyash was mixed with different proportions of cement, sand, and water to form a mortar and then this mortar was evaluated in terms of its compressive strength, mobility of heavy metals, permeability, and shrinkage potential. Various proportions of flyash, cement, sand, and water were used in an attempt to select the best proportion that can be economically used in the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 09 Aug 2025 17:47:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2567134</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Project 187-1 Texas Transportation Institute Serviceability Index Values, Moisture Barrier Sites</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2560888</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is Appendix 1-4 to a report for Project 187-1 conducted by the Texas Transportation Institute. It shows Serviceability Index Values at moisture barrier sites of flexible pavements in San Antonio, Texas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2025 14:20:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2560888</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Moisture Protection for Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543334</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tests to identify effective waterproofing materials for hardened concrete are described. Test results and limited cost data are given. Wetting-drying tests were made to measure the percentage weight of water infiltrating through treated surfaces of concrete partially submerged in tap water. Freeze-thaw tests were made of sealed concrete surfaces ponded with brine. Eighteen surface treatments were tested; they included linseed oil, silicones, epoxies, and others. Percentage weight of water absorbed and number of freeze-thaw cycles are tabulated. Moisture absorption curves and photographs of freeze-thaw specimens are included. Epoxies and linseed oil were the most effective of the treatments in these tests. On the basis of effectiveness, ease of application, and low cost, linseed oil appeared to be the best suited under the test condition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2025 14:12:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543334</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Moisture Barrier Effects on Pavement Roughness</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pavements built on expansive clay are a type of shallow foundation. By their flexural action, they filter out the roughness that develops due to differential moisture change in the subgrade. The moisture change beneath pavements comes in the vicinity of cracks which carry liquid water under hydrostatic pressure to wherever the crack travels beneath a pavement. Thus, the roughness that appears on the surface of pavements reflects the pattern of major water bearing cracks (and other water bearing seams and lenses) that exist in the natural soil. In order to prevent the intrusion of water in these cracks beneath pavements field experiments in Texas have investigated the use of vertical moisture barriers. Three types of barrier were used: Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)-coated fabric, injected lime slurry, and injected lime-fly ash slurry. Two depths were used: six feet and eight feet. Control sections were also designated in which no barrier was used. Periodic measurements of the right- and left-wheelpath profiles were made on each section. Matrix suction measurements were made even more frequently with thermal moisture sensors which were embedded both inside and outside the moisture barriers at different depths. The data that have been reduced show how the roughness spectra have changed with time on each of the test sections as compared with the control sections. These observations lead to the practical conclusions of the relative effectiveness of each of these moisture barrier types.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 16 Mar 2025 18:13:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521879</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Observation, Documentation, and Performance Evaluation of Bridge Deck using Multi-Crystalline Intermixed Concrete Enhancer and Surface Sealer</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2506091</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Water intrusion on bridge decks leads to degradation of the concrete and reinforcement at an accelerated rate when compared to other concrete bridge components. As an example, freeze/thaw effects can result in delamination or spalling, and chloride ion penetration can result in the material degradation of the concrete and steel reinforcement. Eliminating or reducing water intrusion into the bridge deck concrete has the potential to greatly increase the service life of the bridge deck and, subsequently, the overall bridge.

An admixture product and surface sealer are proposed for use on a bridge construction project in Appanoose County, Iowa. The bridge superstructure will consist of concrete prestressed, precast girders topped by a concrete, steel-reinforced deck. The project presents an opportunity to observe and document the construction and performance of the deck with the inclusion of the moisture prevention products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 06 Feb 2025 10:08:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2506091</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Geosynthetic Capillary Barriers in Pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2213543</link>
      <description><![CDATA["Capillary barrier" is the term for a layer of large-pored material (soil and/orgeosynthetic) placed in a finer-pored soil to 1) reduce unsaturated flow of soil water upwards and/or 2)reduce or prevent water from infiltrating from the overlying fine-pored unsaturated soil into the soil below the capillary barrier. In the latter case, the capillary barrier is sloped so that the infiltrating water flows downwards along the interface between the capillary barrier and the overlying soil. The same physical principles govern the behavior of capillary barriers in both cases. This paper reviews capillary theory and what is known about capillary barriers (made of soil and/or geosynthetics) in a variety of applications. This information is then applied to the potential use of geosynthetic capillary barriers in pavements to reduce frost heave and to divert infiltrating water. The use of a geocomposite capillary barrier drain (GCBD), consisting of a drainage net sandwiched between geotextiles that possess certain hydraulic properties, appears promising. In addition to reducing frost heave, a GCBD may also help drain the soil above it before it becomes fully saturated. It may also be designed to drain saturated pavements at critical times of the year, such as spring thaw.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Dec 2024 11:59:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2213543</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Model Archive for Analysis of the Effects of Impervious Cover on Receiving-Water Quality With the Stochastic Empirical Loading Dilution Model (SELDM) [supporting dataset]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2449442</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Impervious runoff-discharge to receiving streams is widely recognized as one of the leading factors contributing to ecological degradation in such streams. Although there are many factors that contribute to ecological degradation with increasing development adverse effects caused by runoff quality is widely recognized as a contributing factor. The objective of this study was to simulate the flows concentrations and loads of impervious-area runoff and stormflows from an undeveloped area over a range of impervious percentages and drainage areas to examine potential relations between these variables and the quantity and quality of downstream flows. Stormwater runoff in a hypothetical stream basin that represents hydrologic and physiographic basin properties in southern New England was simulated using the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) to do a numerical experiment designed to explore relations between impervious cover and receiving-water quality. These simulations included a range of impervious cover from 0.1 to 30 percent. These relations were examined to provide planning-level estimates of a population of concentrations and dilution factors as explanatory variables for the changes in stream biota commonly seen as the percentage of impervious areas increase. SELDM is a runoff-quality model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration to simulate the adverse effects of runoff on receiving waters and provide meaningful information about the potential effectiveness of management measured to reduce water quality risks. This is a model archive for these numerical experiments documenting the input statistics and the simulation results. Model development files include details of simulated hydrology, basin properties, upstream undeveloped area water quality, and developed (impervious area) area runoff quality. Model results include downstream water quality with and without structural best management practices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:41:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2449442</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of NDOT’s Sediment Barrier Practices Using Performance Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2394462</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To protect waterways adjacent to construction projects with disturbed land, a 50 ft (15 m) vegetated buffer or equivalent sediment controls are required. However, there is little guidance on the effectiveness of vegetated buffers in removing sediment or how sediment barriers can aid shorter buffers or replace buffers. A modeling methodology was developed and used to determine the performance of 11,664 50 ft (15 m) vegetated buffer configurations with Nebraska conditions; sediment capture averaged 92.6% and ranged from 18.5% to 99.5%. To determine the performance of Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) standard and modified sediment barrier installations, a large-scale testing methodology was used that subjected silt fence, slash mulch berm, and wattle silt check installations to conditions commonly found on Nebraska highway construction sites. From deficiencies noted in testing of standard installations, modifications were developed and recommended that improved structural performance, provided additional water quality treatment, and increased sediment capture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jun 2024 09:26:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2394462</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ground Behavior due to Dewatering Inside a Foundation Pit Considering the Barrier Effect of Preexisting Building Piles on Aquifer Flow</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2364986</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Building and ground settlement due to construction dewatering is a well-studied topic. However, most previous investigations have not considered the barrier effect of an adjacent underground structure on the drawdowns and resulting settlements. In this study, the barrier effect and its influence during construction dewatering for a metro station foundation pit is investigated. There are five aquifers at the foundation pit site, and a row of buildings supported on pile foundations, which act as an underground barrier to flow, is present on one side of the pit. On the other sides, there are no deep underground structures to impede groundwater flow. Field monitoring of the groundwater level drawdown, diaphragm wall movement, and ground and building settlements on both sides of the pit was carried out during dewatering. The results indicate that on the side with the pile foundations, the groundwater level drawdown, ground settlement, differential settlement, and angular distortion of building incurred by dewatering were relatively greater, but the diaphragm wall movements were relatively smaller. The effect of preexisting barriers should be considered in the assessment of construction dewatering-induced drawdowns, soil settlements, and building movements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2024 09:46:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2364986</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Waste Plastic Powder Coating on Acidic Aggregates: A New Hydrophobic Coating Technology to Build Moisture-Resistant Asphalt Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2237918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The surface energy of aggregate in asphalt pavements has a huge impact on its moisture susceptibility. The commercial antistripping agents widely used in asphalt may not be effective enough to enhance the moisture resistance if large quantities of acidic aggregates exist in pavements. This is also the reason why moisture damage is still an issue in many U.S. regions primarily supplied with “problematic” aggregates. In this regard, a promising solution is to use waste-plastic-coated aggregate, the surface of which is fundamentally modified and has a high affinity with asphalt because of the hydrophobic nature of plastic. However, it has not been widely promoted in the industry since there needs to be a practical and reliable method for uniform coating and avoiding the agglomeration of fine aggregate. To this end, an entirely new coating technology (thermoplastic polyethylene powder coating [TPPC]) was developed to coat aggregate using polyethylene (PE) powder. This technology utilizes a cheap but highly wettable fluidized bed to stably disperse the hydrophobic PE powder. Then, the dispersion liquid is sprayed onto the hot aggregate where the fluidized bed will evaporate fast while the PE particles stay, melt, and coat the aggregate surface. The microstructures of the coated aggregate were directly observed by scanning electron microscopy. Surface energy-based thermodynamic parameters were used to demonstrate the effect of TPPC on the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures. This technology can be extended to other types of waste plastic if suitable fluidized beds are developed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Sep 2023 17:43:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2237918</guid>
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