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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>The Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509284</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The $344 million Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project in China was completed in 2020 and upgraded 850km of roads, trained more than 200 professionals, and 2,400 students, teachers, parents and residents participated in evidence-based education activities. As a result of the project deaths decreased by 33% and injuries by 53%, saving 32 lives and 868 injuries annually. This coincided with a 22% increase in household travel and was achieved by increasing the roads rated 3-stars or better by 52%. Apart from making safety the primary focus of the large-scale investment, it also introduced several innovations. It was an early use of the iRAP methodology at the design and post-construction stages to set and monitor quantitative infrastructure safety targets and indicators, and it used new guidance on safety treatments to create an enabling environment for designers to embed safety in the project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:06:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509284</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transport as recreation: road sharing in regional Victoria</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2239955</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research aims to increase road user safety for bicycle riders in mountainous on-road environments. In this work we identify and implement ways of enhancing safety in this setting through an interdisciplinary study in sociology, law and design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Sep 2023 14:05:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2239955</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Analysis of factors contributing to the injury severity of overloaded-truck-related crashes on mountainous highways in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971020</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jun 2022 16:38:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1971020</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Traffic safety along rural mountainous highways in Malaysia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1498346</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research has generated an in-depth understanding of road traffic crashes along rural mountainous highways in Sabah, Malaysia that will enable development of targeted countermeasures. To achieve this, an extensive set of road traffic data was collected through field surveys and secondary sources, and a set of cutting-edge statistical and economic models were developed to investigate (i) single-vehicle crashes, (ii) multi-vehicle crashes, and (iii) injury severity of traffic crashes along rural mountainous highways. Findings from this research will contribute to the design of a safer environment along rural mountainous highways, which are common in many developing countries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jan 2018 10:35:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1498346</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of the safety of mine road based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448438</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2017 10:44:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448438</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Driver vision based perception-response time prediction and assistance model on mountain highway curve</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448428</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2017 10:44:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448428</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and remediation of the Mt. Morgan Range section of the Burnett Highway following Cyclone Oswald</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1446638</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A 2.3km long section of Mt. Morgan Range area of the Burnett Highway located 20 km south west of Rockhampton between chainages 7.6km and 9.9km was severely damaged in the Ex Tropical Cyclone Oswald declared event (Event 13A) between 24th and 27th January 2013. Between these dates, a total of 855.6mm cumulative rainfall was recorded at the Glenlands weather station near the township of Mt. Morgan. Within the affected area at Mt. Morgan, the Burnett Highway is in a range which is characterized by intervening ridges and valleys with numerous hairpin bends. A total of 40 failures were recorded at the site. The failures consisted of 10 major failures on the down-slope fill side, 12 minor failures on the down-slope fill side and 18 failures on the up-slope cut side. Steep batters, poor compaction and excessive pore pressure development due to high levels of saturation of the materials were considered to be the major factors that may have triggered the failures. As a means of managing the risks associated with the failures and potential further failures, the Mt. Morgan range section of Road 41F (Burnett Highway) was closed to traffic to enable design and repairs to be carried out. Due to time constraints on the delivery, design and repairs were prioritized based on assessed risk levels. To ensure resiliency of the finished works in the event of similar or even worse rainfall events, strict compliance to the requirements of the Departmental Geotechnical Standard was enforced during the design process followed by on-site supervision of the works by a professionally accredited geotechnical engineer. The reconstruction was completed in June 2014 at a cost of twenty one million dollars ($21m).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2017 12:00:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1446638</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bicycle rest stops in mountainous terrain to improve road safety for cyclists</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436007</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To improve safety for on-road cyclists in mountainous terrain, a concept for a bicycle rest stop has been developed. The intent of the rest stop is to provide a safe space for cyclists to temporarily stop (to conduct repairs or rest) on roads where the left side of the road has numerous steep drop-offs, narrow lane widths and no shoulder. Design considerations include location, constructability, maintenance and costs. It is hoped that this concept design can be trialled in the near future to determine the effectiveness of such a treatment on improving road safety for cyclists.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Nov 2016 14:36:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1436007</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Crash frequency analysis using hurdle models with random effects considering short-term panel data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1435823</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Nov 2016 14:03:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1435823</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of gravel road problems in Ethiopia mountainous terrain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423543</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2016 14:31:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423543</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A comparison of road traffic crashes along mountainous and non-mountainous roads in Sabah, Malaysia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1399364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Constrained topography and complex road geometry along rural mountainous roads often represent a demanding driving situation. As a result, traffic crashes along mountainous roads are likely to have different characteristics to crashes on roads in flatter areas; however, there is little research on this topic. The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of road traffic crashes on rural mountainous roads and to compare these with the characteristics of crashes on non-mountainous roads. This paper explores and compares general crash characteristics including crash type, crash severity, roadway geometric features and environmental factors, and road user/vehicle characteristics. This paper identifies some of the basic characteristics of crashes along rural mountainous roads to aid future research on traffic safety along mountainous roads.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2016 09:15:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1399364</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design methods for safety enhancement measures on long steep downgrades</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358832</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Restricted by the rolling terrains of mountainous areas in western parts of China, long steep downgrades are very common in mountainous freeways. Influenced by the factors like high altitude, big elevation differences, and the severe weather condition e.g. black ice, heavy snow and thick fog, most long steep downgrades turn to traffic accident prone sites. Moreover, once traffic accident happens, the severity is high and the society influence is wide. So the overall safety level of mountainous freeways has been greatly influenced by the safety level of long steep downgrades. In this paper, the safety classification methods and the general design principles of long steep downgrades and the design principles of safety enhancement measures for different sections of long steep downgrades are put forward based on the investigation of typical long steep downgrades in freeways. Then the methods for the safety enhancement measures design on long steep downgrades according to the safety level are expounded. Moreover, the design process of the safety enhancement measures design is presented. The presented research finding provides an important support for the safety enhancement measures design on long steep downgrades.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2015 16:51:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358832</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on the technology for safe operation and management of alpine cold and high-altitude highway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358829</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes and analyzes the road condition for a high altitude alpine road and the measures taken to ensure traffic safety and accessibility even in extreme weather conditions. It also in-depth analyzes the influence of various technical engineering management measures and their influence on the road safety. The article serves as a foundation for future design and management of roads in these kinds of extreme conditions. The optical illusion deceleration marking is one of the commonly used speed control measures. In this research, the authors analyzed operating speed and trajectory of motor vehicle at intersection where optical illusion deceleration marking is installed. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation on effect of optical illusion deceleration marking is conducted. Results showed that optical illusion deceleration marking would help to reduce operating speed and average speed by 5-10km/h, to regulate motorcycle driver behavior, and to reduce speed difference, so that driving safety is ensured. Optical illusion deceleration marking is suitable for accident prone road sections on two-lane highways which main vehicle types are passenger car and motorcycle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2015 16:50:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358829</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Developing safety performance functions for a mountainous freeway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358787</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Safety Performance Function (SPF) is essential in traffic safety analysis; it is useful to unveil hazardous factors that related to crash occurrence. Variety data resources have been employed to develop safety performance functions: geometric characteristic features, traffic status information, weather, and surface conditions. This study focuses on a mountainous freeway that features mountainous terrain and adverse weather. Five years crash data (2006-2010), roadway geometry, and traffic characteristics were included in the investigation. As an aggregate analysis, explanatory variables used in the safety performance functions were typically averaged values over a certain time interval. For example, the most applied exposure factor, average annual daily traffic (AADT) is the mean values of the segment annual daily traffic volumes. Moreover, speed limits were included in the models to represent the effects of different traffic characteristics on crash occurrence. However, values of daily volumes and average speeds vary across the whole year, especially for a mountainous freeway suffered from adverse weather and steep slopes. In this study, distributions of daily volume and distributions of 5-min average speed were prepared for each segment. These two distribution variables would be analyzed along with the traditional variables like longitudinal grades, degrees of curvature, and etc to develop SPFs for the mountainous freeway. Data from a 15-mile mountainous freeway on I-70 in Colorado were utilized. Five years crash data have been analyzed along with the Bayesian random effects Poisson model; daily volumes were captured by Remote Traffic Microwave Sensor (RTMS) detectors and segment average speeds were archived by Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) systems. Three models have been estimated: (1) ordinal safety performance function with fixed AADT and speed limits; (2) SPF with daily volume distributions; and (3) SPF with both volume and speed distributions. Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), which recognized as Bayesian generalization of AIC (Akaike information criterion) has been select to evaluate the three candidate models. Results indicated that SPFs with distribution variables would improve the model fits significantly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2015 16:43:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358787</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Severe traffic crash speaks: safety facts from mountain roads in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358764</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As a supporting crash data research of National Road Safety Action Plan in China, with a project objective to build up a systematic mountain road safety enhancement technology, this study analyses severe traffic crashes from 2006 to 2010 occurred on an inter-regional mountain arterial road network in south China. In order to digest these crash data collected from local traffic police stations, the authors conduct the in-depth crash analysis from the aspect of human, vehicle, road, and management. By developing the definition sets for crash deterministic causing factors judging system, the deterministic causes of severe accidents on mountain roads in China are deeply investigated. Results of our analysis indicate that human factor does weigh the most in the occurrence of the severe crashes; main crash types on mountain roads are running-off road, headon collision, overturned; Almost 76% severe crashes occurred on slope/curve combination sites; and freight car shall be given more attentions in reducing the severe accidents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2015 16:39:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1358764</guid>
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