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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Reducing Vehicle Licensing and Titling Fraud</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611088</link>
      <description><![CDATA[his study reviews Kentucky’s vehicle licensing and registration program, evaluates methods of motor vehicle title fraud, examines current anti-fraud mechanisms in Kentucky, reports on vehicle titling and anti-fraud efforts in other states, assesses Ohio’s vehicle inspection program, and develops a proposal for a new Kentucky rebuilt title inspection program. Researchers developed the proposal based on historical Kentucky vehicle registration and titling data, a survey of other states, and other information provided by Kentucky’s Division of Motor Vehicle Licensing and other agency partners. Kentucky historical data revealed consistently high numbers of salvage title applications as well as spatial concentration in rebuilt title issuance. The state survey revealed a need for Kentucky to hire more staff and provide additional training to improve fraud detection. The research team took the Ohio Motor Vehicle Inspection Program framework as a starting point and expanded it to include a proposed partnership with the Kentucky Community & Technical College System (KCTCS) to recruit inspectors. Further, the proposal includes competitive pay to incentivize inspectors to obtain ASE (Automotive Service Excellence) certification. The proposed rebuilt title inspection program offers a more robust alternative to the current system used by the Department of Vehicle Regulation (DVR), particularly methods for titling salvage vehicles as rebuilt. The proposed vehicle inspection program calls for a reorganization of DVR, a significant increase in inspection fees, and restricting vehicle inspections to seven dedicated facilities throughout the state. Establishment of the proposed program can help ensure all vehicles with rebuilt titles in Kentucky are roadworthy and safe.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Oct 2025 16:05:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611088</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DVR Service Evaluation and Fee Sufficiency Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417077</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Kentucky’s Department of Vehicle Regulation (DVR) provides driver, vehicle, motor carrier, and other services to state residents. Examples include commercial driver’s license applications, driver history records, state traffic school, vehicle titles, specialty license plates, OW/OD permits, KY-for-Hire authority, and Solid Waste permits, among others. Generally, these services are performed in exchange for a tax or fee whose use is authorized under the Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS). In many cases, services have been available for decades without any meaningful changes or tax/fee adjustments. DVR officials are concerned that many of these services are antiquated, or that administrative and/or infrastructure costs far exceed what KYTC is collecting in revenue for many of these services. DVR can use project findings to determine if unnecessary services should be eliminated and whether fees and taxes on services should be restructured.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Aug 2024 13:26:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417077</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Preparatory Action-User-Friendly Information Tool on Urban and Regional Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes 2 UVAR Exchange: Final Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307305</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban Vehicle Access Regulations (UVARs) are used to regulate the movement of vehicles in urban areas and by cities to address issues such as air pollution, climate change, congestion and the protection of historic centres. However, UVARs can be very complex regarding admittance, time frames, exceptions, etc. (e.g., low emission zones (LEZs)), which leads to challenges around how the correct information can be transmitted to the road user/vehicle. UVAR signage is not harmonised across Europe and there are also issues when it comes to the sharing of information across borders, due to the current legal constraints, the ability to access / share data and data quality. This study has two objectives. Firstly, to improve the communication of information to drivers in the vicinity of UVARs, including physical signs, variable message signs (VMS) and cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) messages. Secondly, the analysis of the technical and legal challenges related to data sharing and enforcement of UVARs, giving recommendations to enable the cross-border sharing of vehicle and driver information for enforcement. Solving this issue aims at the same time to avoid the need for foreign drivers to pre-register for separate LEZs and streamline compliance checks of foreign vehicles for UVAR authorities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Mar 2024 16:35:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307305</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparatory Action User-Friendly Information Tool on Urban and Regional Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes 2 UVAR Exchange: Task 1.1 and 1.2 Practical Aspects of UVAR Information Provision Through Signage</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307306</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report was prepared within the framework of the European Parliament Preparatory action — User-friendly information tool on urban and regional vehicle access regulation schemes 2, based on contract No MOVE/B3/SER/2020-716/SI2.852092 implementing the No MOVE/2020/OP/0012, signed on 15 July 2021. The report is submitted to the European Commission – Directorate General for Transport and Mobility (DG MOVE) by the Consortium led by Panteia in association with ARMIS, AustriaTech, CORTE, MAPtm, TRT Trasporti e Territorio, and Sadler Consultants. It is the result of both desk research activities and the collaborative work carried out within Task 1.1 and 1.2 with a group of stakeholders and local authorities aimed at understanding how to provide proper information through signage to road users approaching, in the vicinity and inside urban vehicle access regulation schemes (UVARs).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Mar 2024 16:32:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307306</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparatory Action - User-Friendly Information Tool on Urban and Regional Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes 2 UVAR Exchange: Demonstration Activities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This draft final report was prepared for the European Parliament Preparatory action — User-friendly information tool on urban and regional vehicle access regulation schemes 2 – UVAR EXCHANGE, based on contract No MOVE/B3/SER/2020-716/SI2.852092 implementing the No MOVE/2020/OP/0012, as outlined in the Terms of Reference. Objective of the report: This report presents the demonstration activities done within the scope of UVAR Exchange on signage, VMS, C-ITS and on cross border data exchange. Structure of the report: The report is structured as follows: • Chapter 1 focuses on the demonstration activities on signage, presenting the refined approach, the UVAR signage demo, the UVAR VMS demo and the UVAR C-ITS demo. For each demo it presents the aim of that demo, the process and consultation activities, demonstration activities, challenges, barriers and benefits/opportunities encountered and the findings and recommendations. • Chapter 2 focuses on the demonstration activities on cross border data exchange. For each demo it presents the aim of that demo, the process and consultation activities, demonstration activities, challenges, barriers and benefits/opportunities encountered and the findings and recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 2024 16:40:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307309</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Preparatory Action - User-Friendly Information Tool on Urban and Regional Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes 2 UVAR Exchange: Abstract and Executive Summary</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307339</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban Vehicle Access Regulations (UVARs) are used to regulate the movement of vehicles in urban areas and by cities to address issues such as air pollution, climate change, congestion and the protection of historic centres. However, UVARs can be very complex regarding admittance, time frames, exceptions, etc. (e.g., low emission zones (LEZs)), which leads to challenges around how the correct information can be transmitted to the road user/vehicle. UVAR signage is not harmonised across Europe and there are also issues when it comes to the sharing of information across borders, due to the current legal constraints, the ability to access / share data and data quality. This study has two objectives. Firstly, to improve the communication of information to drivers in the vicinity of UVARs, including physical signs, variable message signs (VMS) and cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) messages. Secondly, the analysis of the technical and legal challenges related to data sharing and enforcement of UVARs, giving recommendations to enable the cross-border sharing of vehicle and driver information for enforcement. Solving this issue aims at the same time to avoid the need for foreign drivers to pre-register for separate LEZs and streamline compliance checks of foreign vehicles for UVAR authorities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Feb 2024 16:13:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307339</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparatory Action - User-Friendly Information Tool on Urban and Regional Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes 2 UVAR Exchange: Task 1.3 Guidelines for UVAR Variable Message Signs (VMS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report is the final version submitted to the European Commission – Directorate General for Transport and Mobility (DG MOVE) by the Consortium led by Panteia in association with ARMIS, AustriaTech, CORTE, MAPtm, TRT, and Sadler Consultants. Its purpose is to explore the potential of Variable Message Signs (VMS) and how the information provided can be standardised and harmonised regarding UVARs’ applications. The approach aims at covering the following aspects: • It must be ensured that information is perceptible and clear to all - what languages and what symbols (text and visual elements) should be used to represent each UVAR? • The information is dynamic - how should the temporal criteria be handled? • The information must be provided in the vicinity of the UVAR - how are the location criteria defined? • VMS services are attributed to only one message at a time – how message prioritisation should be defined? The report is structured as follows: the first section is dedicated to VMS in general, covering the VMS functionalities and capabilities, the applicable standards, and actions dedicated to VMS harmonisation. Following, research was made in order to find real examples of UVAR VMS (images can be found in the annex). Section 3 also covers research studies on VMS and how their conclusions can be transposed to UVAR VMS representation, and the results from the VMS demonstrators. Finally, section 4 states a set of recommendations based upon the desk research covered in this document and the outputs from Subtask 1.1 - Practical aspects of UVAR information provision through signage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Feb 2024 11:29:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307380</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparatory Action - User-Friendly Information Tool on Urban and Regional Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes 2 UVAR Exchange: Task 2.3 Recommendations on Improving Data Sharing to Enforce UVARs in a Cross-Border Context</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307411</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document describes the work developed in Task 2 of the UVAR Exchange project. The objectives of this task are to: • Investigate and identify the various challenges related to data sharing for the purposes of enforcing UVARs in a cross-border context, • Demonstrate how data can be exchanged, and • Provide recommendations on how to improve cross-border data sharing for UVAR enforcement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Feb 2024 15:05:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307411</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparatory Action - User-Friendly Information Tool on Urban and Regional Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes 2 UVAR Exchange: Task 2.1 and 2.2 Challenges and Opportunities Related to Cross-Border Data Sharing for Enforcing UVARs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307428</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the outcome of work done on tasks 2.1 and 2.2 of the UVAR EXCHANGE project (status of March 2022). The objective of the two tasks is to present the complexity of cross-border data sharing for UVAR enforcement, by looking at some of the technical, legal, administrative challenges to data-sharing. The report presents the preliminary results based on the work done in the UVAR project till date. These results will be further probed and updated in the next phase of the project (under Task 2.3). Accordingly, for a more detailed analysis and recommendations please consult the Task 2.3 and final report of the project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jan 2024 10:04:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307428</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Algorithm for Searching Freeway Speeding Unlicensed Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975694</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A timeless retrospective algorithm for finding unlicensed vehicles on highway speeding is proposed. The algorithm mainly uses the images captured by the freeway capture device to obtain the speed information of the vehicles, and the distance and speed of the vehicles. The time backtracking method is used to determine when the vehicle enters the entrance, then screen the image to determine the illegal vehicle information. The application of the algorithm is implemented through a C language program. The results show that freeway speeding unlicensed vehicle search algorithm can search for speeding unlicensed vehicles and alert freeways for unlicensed speeding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Nov 2023 17:05:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975694</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effects of ridesourcing services on vehicle ownership: The case of Great Britain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2135290</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Understanding the impacts of ridesourcing on various transport externalities is an active research area. However, research on relatively long-term impacts such as vehicle ownership is limited and mostly focused on certain geographies. This is the first study that empirically examines the impacts of ridesourcing on vehicle ownership in Great Britain. The authors used vehicle licensing data for local authority districts from 2001 to 2019. The authors exploit the heterogeneity in entry dates of ridesourcing and employ the difference-in-differences method. The authors found that the impacts of the ridesourcing on vehicle numbers are heterogeneous across Great Britain. While the changes in vehicle numbers attributable to ridesourcing availability are not statistically significant in metropolitan districts and urban areas, the authors find 2.2% and 1.1% reductions in London and rural areas respectively. The authors' results contribute to future research on the broader impacts of ridesourcing and can inform research and policy efforts in this area, notably regarding decarbonisation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2023 10:19:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2135290</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reducing Vehicle Licensing and Titling Fraud</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2039853</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Kentucky’s Division of Motor Vehicle Licensing (DMVL) works to prevent vehicle licensing and titling fraud by monitoring vehicle transactions, transacted vehicles, and documentation associated with transactions. Fraud can take several forms. Individuals may attempt to obtain a clean title for a wrecked vehicle deemed unfit for roadway usage in another state; the vehicle may be stolen; or the vehicle may be subject to odometer manipulation or another form of deception. Preventing fraud and enforcing anti-fraud laws is mostly left up to DMVL. Currently just two DMVL employees work on these efforts. DMVL administrators believe anti-fraud efforts are substantially underfunded and want to explore changes to the program. 
This project will do the following: 
(1) identify funding mechanisms to purchase subscriptions to anti-fraud software and services; 
(2) uncover ways to enhance anti-fraud prevention efforts by comparing Kentucky’s program to those in other states;  
(3) investigate funding mechanisms for enhanced anti-fraud efforts; and
(4) develop best practices and recommended procedural, regulatory, and statutory changes for the anti-fraud program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Oct 2022 12:57:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2039853</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effectiveness of Highway Safety Public Education at Montana Motor Vehicle Registration Stations by Streaming a Variety of Safety Content</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1890069</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There is a need to educate Montanans about highway safety, the consequences of exhibiting risky behaviors while driving such as texting while driving, driving while impaired or distracted, driving unbuckled; and the benefits of proven innovative road safety countermeasures such as roundabouts and rumble strips installed by public transportation agencies. There is an opportunity to install video equipment at select Motor Vehicle Divisions licensing and vehicle registration stations around the state of Montana to continuously play highway safety video clips. At many of these locations, the public has waiting times of five minutes or longer. This is enough time for people to give their attention to a video screen playing safety messages.

The objectives of this project are to do the following: (1) identify and secure available safety content and purchase and deploy the appropriate equipment to display safety content; (2) survey the public to determine if they are paying attention to the videos shown at the MVD driver license stations and the County Treasurer offices; and (3) determine if the safety messages have an impact on the behavior of the viewing public.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Nov 2021 09:51:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1890069</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NC DMV Optimal Location Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1672462</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Growing population and changing demographics in North Carolina result in increased demand for department of motor vehicle (DMV) services specifically for Real ID issuance.  Considering the geographic distribution and the spatial characteristics of the demand, decision makers need to open new locations and/or reallocate limited resources among existing DMV locations to improve the operational efficiency and customer experience. Measuring and evaluating the operating efficiency of existing DMV facilities including mobile DMV units require analytic techniques that rely on mathematical programming and simulation.  In this study, the project team would like to ensure that all DMV offices operate at targeted efficiency and have adequate service capacity to provide maximum service quality to North Carlolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) customers.   The project team proposes to develop an geographic information system (GIS)-based data mining and optimization model to allocate available excess capacity to locations with insufficient capacity. Model solution should provide an implementable solution that will balance the workload between under and over capacity locations. Due to the combinatorial nature of the problem, solution space will be exponentially growing with the number of facilities. The proposed methodology will be developed and tested for a selected geographical region only. If the results are validated, it would be plausible to expand this work to entire State of North Carolina in future research and report to the legislative if required.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2019 15:54:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1672462</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Evaluation of the Use of Registration Stickers on Vehicle License Plates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1438066</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research evaluated the potential costs and benefits of doing away with license plate registration stickers as part of the registration renewal process for Pennsylvania. The research consisted of a comprehensive literature review, a survey of U.S. and Canadian licensing agencies, a cost/benefit analysis of eliminating license plate stickers, and an assessment of related law enforcement issues and public information and education (PI&E) campaigns conducted by other agencies that have stopped using license plate registration stickers. The findings favored elimination of a sticker registration program for several reasons, including simplicity, cost savings, elimination of potential sticker theft, and positive reports from similarly adapted programs. As a result of this research, beginning December 31, 2016, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation will no longer require vehicle registrations stickers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Feb 2017 16:41:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1438066</guid>
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