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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Comparative Analysis of Dielectric Medium of Transformer Electrical Equipment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407841</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents a scientific comparative analysis of the development of the dielectric medium of transformer electrical equipment, its consistent evolution in the direction of energy efficiency, technical safety and environmental acceptability. Dielectric media in the form of mineral oil, synthetic oil, sulphur hexafluoride and liquid nitrogen are consistently considered on the basis of a historical excursion. Currently, mineral oil occupies a dominant position as a dielectric medium in medium-and high-power power transformers. Its role in transformer electrical equipment is very large, since it is used as insulation due to its high dielectric properties, it provides heat removal from electrical windings. However, the fire and explosion hazard, as well as the environmental impact on the habitat, requires its improvement as a dielectric. In this regard, dielectric media in the form of synthetic MIDDLe oil and sulfur hexafluoride are also presented. It is shown that the dielectric medium in the form of liquid nitrogen has significant advantages, since it allows approximately three times the weight and size parameters of transformer equipment. Along with this, with liquid nitrogen, fire and explosion hazards are excluded and environmental safety requirements are met. At the same time, it is indicated that liquid nitrogen can be obtained in a fairly simple way from the air. This is especially important for autonomous and transport power supply systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 16:02:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407841</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Liquid Nitrogen Injection into Aviation Fuel to Reduce Its Flammability and Post-Impact Fire Effects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470725</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The finite volume method was used to study the characteristic of contaminated aviation fuel with the aim of reducing its flammability and post-impact fire. The flammability levels between pure Jet A-1 and contaminated Jet A-1 are compared using their flashpoints and fire points before and after the introduction of Liquid Nitrogen. Upon heating different mixing ratios (4:1, 3:1, and 2:1), results are analyzed to identify the best volume ratio exhibiting the highest reduction in flammability. Analysis shows that the mixing ratio of 2:1 not only froze but increased the flashpoint of the mixture from (48 °C–50 °C) to 64 °C. For the mixing ratio of 3:1, there was a rise in flashpoint to about 56 °C and partial freezing was seen at the topmost surface. At a mixing ratio of 4:1, it was observed that the effect of liquid nitrogen on Jet A-1 was minimal leading to a slight rise in its flash point (50 °C). Thus, liquid Nitrogen had a substantial effect on the flammability and flash point of Jet A-1 when mixed in the ratio (2:1) with a freezing time of 30 seconds and an unfreezing time of 17.5 minutes. Hence, Liquid Nitrogen can be used for the flammability reduction of Jet A-1.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 17:01:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470725</guid>
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      <title>Quantitative Analysis of Unfrozen Water Content of Muddy Clay under Extremely Low Temperature Freezing Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2378826</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Water sealing of shafts and repair of subway tunnels all use liquid nitrogen for rapid freezing to realize emergency rescue, due to the unfrozen water content in the soil at extremely low temperatures will significantly affect the rescue project safety, therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively study unfrozen water content in soil at extremely low temperature. In this paper, based on LF-NMR, the unfrozen water content of the muddy clay at extremely low temperatures was measured, and the three cutoff values of the four types of unfrozen water in artificially frozen were quantified. The surface relaxivity value of muddy clay was obtained for the first time by combining with the MIP test. Results show that the three T₂ cutoff values for the classification of strongly bound water, weakly bound water, capillary water, and bulk water are 0.13, 0.56, and 2.58 ms, respectively, and the freezing characteristic curve of clay at extremely low temperatures can be divided into the rapid decline stage and the slow decline stage. The value of surface relaxivity of the muddy clay is 12 nm/ms. This study facilitates the stability analysis of artificially frozen projects by investigating the unfrozen water content of the soil under extremely low-temperature conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 May 2024 09:28:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2378826</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Modeling and Analysis of Phase Change in a DOT-113 Tank Car Surrogate Filled with Liquid Nitrogen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348176</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As part of a series of impact tests, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsored a research team from Transportation Technology Center, working with Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe), to analyze the side impact puncture performance of a surrogate DOT-113 tank car filled with cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2). This was the third test in a planned series of four tests on DOT-113 tank cars and surrogates. Researchers performed pre-test analyses of the DOT-113 surrogate filled with LN2 (Test 12), and the research team conducted the impact test on July 24, 2021. The surrogate tank car was impacted by a 297,200-lb ram car fitted with a 12 x 12-inch impactor traveling at 18.3 mph. The impact resulted in a significant amount of deformation but did not puncture the tank car. After the test, the team updated the pre-test finite element (FE) model to represent the measured speed of the ram car but observed some discrepancies between the test measurements and simulation results. The testing and modeling effort is described in detail in a separate FRA Technical Report; this report is focused on a phase change discrepancy noted during Test 12.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 Mar 2024 14:16:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348176</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fire Performance of a Cryogenic ISO UN-T75 Storage Tank Using Analytical Methods and Fire Testing, Phase 2: Testing with LNG in ISO Tank</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348175</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsored a study by Southwest Research Institute to conduct research and testing of a cryogenic storage tank in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) service and evaluate its thermal safety performance under fire conditions using analytical methods and fire testing. This report documents the second phase of this research. In Phase I, the team filled the test tank with liquid nitrogen (LN2) in place of LNG and the pressure relief system was evaluated and determined to work properly in the specified test conditions. Based on those results, researchers in Phase II essentially repeated the same test with the tank filled with LNG. The report provides additional detail of the test tank, the flatcar supporting the tank, the development of a safety plan, characterization of the fire exposure source, description of the instrumentation used in the experiment, test results, and detailed data analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 Mar 2024 14:16:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2348175</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Fatal inhalation of nitrogen inside a closed environment: Toxicological issues about the cause of death</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2105414</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphyxia due to inhalation of nitrogen, as accidental or suicidal event, has been seldom reported in the forensic field. Death usually occurs because of a displacement and decrease of environmental and alveolar oxygen concentrations, but taking into account that nitrogen is a normal component of atmosphere, autopsy findings, which may be in certain cases unremarkable, must be corroborated with a careful scene investigation in order to determine the cause of death. The authors present a case of a 37-year old male found unresponsive inside his car with five liquid nitrogen tanks placed in the trunk, three of them with clear losses because of incomplete lock. Resuscitation efforts were unsuccessful. Autopsy findings and histological analyses were unremarkable, but toxicological analyses were crucial. Percentages of nitrogen were high in blood collected from the inferior vena cava (85.2%), left ventricle (81.01%) and the right lung (80.73%). Concentrations of nitrogen were higher than those detected in control samples: 14 autopsy cases, room air and water. The cause of death was identified as an inert gas asphyxiation, which was classified as accidental in accordance with the police report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Feb 2023 09:17:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2105414</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Liquid Nitrogen as a Non-Polluting Vehicle Fuel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1785352</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This work examines the capability of several energy conversion processes to provide sufficient energy to develop viable liquid nitrogen-powered vehicles. To use liquid nitrogen as a non-polluting fuel, a multiple-reheat open Rankine cycle and a closed Brayton cycle are studied for use in cryogenic heat engines. As a proof of the principle of using liquid nitrogen as a fuel, an automobile was converted to run on liquid nitrogen in 1997. Earlier work has shown that the energy available by operating various thermodynamic cycles between atmospheric temperature and liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) can provide more energy per unit mass than is available from current lead acid batteries and some projected battery technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2023 10:27:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1785352</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>High Efficiency Energy Conversion Systems for Liquid Nitrogen Automobiles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1781679</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This investigation of the use of cryogens as energy storage media for zero emission vehicles has found that using liquid nitrogen to liquefy the working fluids of one or more closed Rankine power cycles can be an effective means for increasing motive power. System configurations are presented which can realize over 50% of the availability of liquid nitrogen without relying on isothermal expanders. A zero emission vehicle utilizing such a propulsion system would have an energy storage reservoir that can be refilled in a matter of minutes and a range comparable to that of a conventional automobile.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jan 2023 10:38:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1781679</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preparing for LNG by Rail Tank Car: A Readiness Review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2022989</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is regulated as a hazardous material when transported because it is a cryogenic liquid and flammable when released as a gas. In July 2020, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) issued a rule authorizing the transportation of LNG by rail tank car for the first time. Shipments are authorized in an upgraded version of a common cryogenic tank car, the DOT-113C120W9. As of July 2022, LNG had yet to be shipped by tank car, and no upgraded tank cars had been produced for the in-service cryogenic fleet. This study’s purpose is to identify areas where additional investigation, analysis, and monitoring may be warranted so that industry and regulators can better assess LNG’s risks in rail transportation and make choices about how best to manage those risks. To do so, the expert committee charged with conducting the study reviewed the hazards associated with LNG’s cryogenic and flammable properties, the experience with shipping LNG by truck and ship, the safety assurance frameworks established for ensuring that LNG and other hazardous materials shipments are transported without incident, and the state of emergency response planning and preparation for hazardous materials incidents in general and for LNG in particular. The committee also reviewed results from fire testing of a cryogenic portable tank that shares some of the DOT-113 tank car’s design features and impact testing of the upgraded DOT-113 tank car.  On the basis of this review, the committee finds that LNG has a long history of safe transportation in other modes and that PHMSA, FRA, and industry have started to take precautions to ensure the safe transportation of LNG by rail tank car. However, more than 18 months after PHMSA’s authorization of these movements little has changed with regard to the shipment of LNG by rail, and there remains a great deal of uncertainty about how much LNG will be transported, when, and over which routes. In the committee’s view, this lull provides an opportunity to further assess these precautions and prepare for an effective response to incidents and emergencies that may arise. Furthermore, in having reviewed the results of the recent impact and fire tests, the committee believes that further investigation and analyses of the DOT-113C120W9 tank car are warranted to ascertain its resistance to overheating and a high-pressure release arising from LNG’s distinctive cryogenic and flammable properties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 18 Sep 2022 17:53:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2022989</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Side Impact Test and Analyses of a DOT-113 Surrogate Tank Car with Cryogenic Lading</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2022998</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducted a side impact test of a surrogate DOT-113 tank car at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) to evaluate the performance of the tank car under dynamic impact conditions and to provide data for the verification and refinement of a computational model. The tank car surrogate was filled with liquid nitrogen at -320 °F to achieve a 5 percent outage. The targeted pressure range for this test was 15 to 35 psig. During the test, the pressure in the tank car was 30 psig. The tank car was impacted by a 297,200-pound ram car traveling at 18.3 mph fitted with a 12-inch by 12-inch impactor. The ram car impacted the tank car 32 inches off-center toward the A-End. The tank car was not punctured. The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe) performed pre-test finite element (FE) modeling to estimate the overall response of the tank to the impact. The goal of the DOT-113 side impact test series is to analyze the side impact performance of a DOT-113 tank car carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) under typical service conditions. Once confidence in the FE model is achieved, this model will be used to estimate the puncture resistance of a DOT-113 tank car carrying LNG.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 18 Sep 2022 17:53:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2022998</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Full-Scale Shell Impact Test of a DOT-113C120W9 Tank Car Filled with Liquid Nitrogen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1991188</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On May 14, 2022, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducted a full-scale shell impact test (Test 13) of a DOT-113C120W9 (also identified as DOT-113) specification tank car at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO. This test was the final impact test in a planned series of four. A DOT-113 is a double-walled tank car (i.e., tank-within-a-tank) designed to transport authorized cryogenic liquids by rail. The tested tank car was purpose-built for this test to meet the specifications for a DOT-113C120W9 tank car. The tank car had a volume of approximately 34,500 gallons. During the test, a ~297,000-pound ram car equipped with a 12-inch by 12-inch impactor struck the outer shell of the tank car at its mid-height and longitudinally offset 10.8 feet towards the A-end. The researchers intended the offset impact location to be consistent with the impact location in the previous side impact test of a legacy DOT-113 tank car (Test 10). This test used cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a stand-in for the cryogenic materials typically transported in a DOT-113. The researchers filled the tank car to approximately 97 percent by volume with LN2. The remaining 3 percent volume contained pressurized gaseous nitrogen (GN2). The temperatures and pressures in both the LN2 and GN2 fluctuated prior to the test. The outage pressure was 21 psig immediately prior to the test. The researchers targeted a test speed of 22.0 ± 0.5 mph, intending to puncture both the outer and inner tanks. The measured impact speed was 22.1 mph. This speed and ram mass corresponds to 4.8 million foot-pounds of impact kinetic energy. At the time of puncture, the impact developed a maximum force of approximately 1.7 million pounds, and the impactor indented the tank car to a depth of approximately 60 inches. The tank car absorbed 4.3 million foot-pounds of energy prior to puncture. After puncturing the inner tank, the impactor continued moving at a speed of 7 mph before coming to rest with the head of the impactor lodged inside the inner tank.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 09 Jul 2022 16:24:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1991188</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Finite Element Analyses of Side Impacts to DOT-113 Surrogate Tank Cars with Water and Liquid Nitrogen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1977346</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On June 11, 2022, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducted a side impact test on a surrogate DOT-113 tank car filled with water at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) to (1) evaluate its performance under dynamic impact conditions and (2) provide data for the verification and refinement of a computational model. The tank car was filled with water to approximately 82.4 percent of its volume, sealed, and pressurized to 50 psig. The tank car was impacted at 17.3 mph by a 297,200-pound ram car with 12-inch by 12-inch ram head fitted to the ram car. The impact caused significant deformation of the tank, but did not result in puncture of the inner or outer vessels. The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe) performed finite element (FE) computational modeling to estimate the overall response of the tank to the impact and achieved excellent agreement with the test results. The next side impact test took place in May 2022 with a surrogate DOT-113 tank car filled to 95 percent of its volume with liquefied nitrogen and pressurized to 50 psig. As this was the first side impact test of a tank car filled with a cryogenic liquid, Volpe conducted a series of pre-test FE modeling studies to estimate the response of the surrogate DOT-113 tank car filled with LN2. The computational studies focused on the (1) thermal contraction of the inner vessel, (2) physical behavior of cryogenic gaseous nitrogen, and (3) physical behavior of liquid nitrogen.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 12 Jun 2022 15:24:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1977346</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Collision Test of a Fuel Tender</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1894357</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On September 22, 2021, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducted a full-scale grade crossing impact test of a locomotive fuel tender at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO. The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center and Transportation Technology Center, Inc. performed the analysis, test planning, reporting, instrumentation setup, data collection, and test execution. The fuel tender was designed and constructed in accordance with the Association of American Railroads (AAR) standard M-1004. This fuel tender was a double-walled tank (i.e., tank-within-a-tank) designed to carry a cryogenic liquid (i.e., liquefied natural gas), as a locomotive fuel. The tested tender was purpose-built for this test with the structural features of a fuel tender, including all piping and valves found in normal service. The tested tender did not feature all the equipment required of a functional fuel tender (e.g., trucks, heat exchanger). The tender was coupled between two six-axle freight locomotives, as defined in the standard. The protective housing around the external piping and valves was struck by an 80,000-pound dump truck that had been modified to travel on railroad tracks. This test used cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a stand-in for the cryogenic materials used as a locomotive fuel. The target impact speed was no less than the 40 mph as given in M-1004. The measured impact speed of approximately 43 mph corresponded to an impact kinetic energy of approximately 4.9 million foot-pounds. The tender resisted the impact without tearing either the inner or the outer tank. The tender and locomotives derailed but remained upright. No leaks were observed in any of the piping following the impact, and the locomotive fuel supply valve functioned as intended during the test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Dec 2021 17:28:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1894357</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Full-Scale Shell Impact Test of DOT-113 Tank Car Surrogate Using Liquid Nitrogen</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1883845</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On July 24, 2021, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducted a full-scale shell impact test (Test 12) of a surrogate DOT-113 specification tank car at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO. This test was the third DOT-113 impact test in a planned series of four. A DOT-113 is a double-walled tank car (i.e., tank-within-a-tank) designed to transport authorized cryogenic liquids by rail. The tested “surrogate” tank car was purposefully built for this test with the essential features of a DOT-113 and an outer tank of a slightly thicker steel than required by specification. The tested surrogate did not feature all the equipment required of a DOT-113 tank car (e.g., cabinet, couplers, and trucks) and was approximately 35 percent shorter in length. The shell of the outer tank was struck by a ~297,000-pound ram car equipped with a 12-inch by 12-inch impactor at its mid-height and longitudinally offset ~2.5 feet towards the A-end. This offset impact location was intended to be consistent with the impact location in the previous two DOT-113 impact tests (Tests 10 and 11). This test used cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a stand-in for the cryogenic materials typically transported in a DOT-113. The tank car was filled to approximately 95 percent by volume with LN2. The remaining 5 percent volume contained pressurized gaseous nitrogen (GN2). The temperatures and pressures in both the LN2 and GN2 fluctuated prior to the test, with the outage at ~30 psig and ~120 K (-244 °F) just prior to impact. The target test speed of 17.7± 0.5 mph was intended to ensure an impact speed greater than or equal to the measured impact speed of 17.3 mph from Test 11. The measured impact speed was 18.3 mph. This speed and ram mass corresponds to approximately 3.3 million foot-pounds of impact kinetic energy. The surrogate resisted the impact without tearing either the inner or the outer tank. The impactor indented the DOT-113 surrogate to a maximum depth of ~59 inches before stopping and rebounding. The impact developed a maximum force of ~1.2 million pounds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 17 Oct 2021 17:23:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1883845</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis on the effects of high expansion foam on evaporation rate of the LNG</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1770026</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hazards of low temperature liquid pool generated by leaked Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) during transportation can be eased through covering of high expansion foam (HEF). In this study, sixteen cases of bench-scale tests, covering liquid nitrogen (LN2) with HEF, designed by orthogonal principle were conducted to investigate the effects of utilized HEF on the LNG liquid pool's evaporation rate. Liquid nitrogen was substituted for LNG due to the flammability of LNG. Minor discrepancy exists between thermal parameters of LN2 and LNG. Thus, the validity of the substitution can be guaranteed. Sequence of importance of each influence factor can be obtained by analyzing the evaporation rate as: foam solution mixing ratio of C > foam thickness B > supply pressure A > foam addition method D. The optimal values of each factor are A1 = 0.5 MPa, B2 = 1.0 m, C2 = 6% and D1 = one-time addition respectively. It implies that the optimal solution should be A1B2C2D1. The conclusion on the effects of each factor on evaporation rate analyzed by variance analysis is similar to the results mentioned above. Through regression analysis, significant differences were in evaporation rate at different levels of water pressure as well as foam thickness, and distinct interaction was observed between supplying pressure and foam thickness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Feb 2021 10:12:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1770026</guid>
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