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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>RADICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SHIP SIMULATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69291</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Straight lines, circles and splines are used in most mathematical representations of ship lines.  Discontinuities in curvature occur, however, along waterlines and section lines.  These discontinuities upset calculations of velocity distribution in the flow around the ship; they can, however, be smoothed when the lines are approximated by orthonormal polynomials and can be eliminated when the lines are simulated with the aid of radicals.  An example shows the use of this procedure for the successful fairing of a Series 60 cargo ship type hull.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 May 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69291</guid>
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      <title>MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION AND FAIRING DESIGN OF LINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479924</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the development of software for line design with mathematical function methods, and describes the foundation of the mathematical model, lines fairing and mathematical expression for curves.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479924</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED PROPULSION DATA BASE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479929</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traditionally the estimation of propulsion factors of ship hulls at the pre-contract state of design has to be carried out with due attention paid to results of earlier performed experiments.  Success in solving this problem depends upon the simplicity and easy access to the volume of information which contains characteristics of teste ships, their hull lines and experimental data.  The paper deals with the development of a database system including the experimental tests results of transport ships that were conducted in towing tanks during the last decades.  The system allows the acceleration of the hydrodynamic analysis of a ship to provide the correct design conclusions, to reduce risk of data loss.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479929</guid>
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      <title>METHOD OF STRAIGHTEN ANTI-CURVE LINE FOR HULL SECTION STEEL PROCESSING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467410</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the fundamental principle of the straighten anti- curve line for hull section steel processing is described, and the numerical evaluation method is discussed.  The structure and functions of the calculation system of the straighten anti-curve line are analyzed, and the results are given.  The mechanical principle and performance indexes of the draughting machine are introduced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467410</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>RECENT ADVANCES IN FAIRING TECHNOLOGY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434085</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the research work done a British Maritime Technology Ltd to produce an advanced software fairing tool, B-LINES for use by Naval Architects and Mould loft personnel. B-LINES starts with either a  rough set of offsets data or a parent hull form, and after the interactive fairing process produces fired offsets on the building frames. The paper describes the functions provided by B-LINES and how data is exported to other BMT production software modules. Like many of the BMT systems, B-LINES is driven by commands and interactive graphics. The procedure used by B-LINES emulates the manual fairing method by using cubic splines and advanced graphical aids. Finally the paper discusses how the availability of the latest computer technology will make computer fairing commonplace in the next few years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434085</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE POSSIBLE USE OF INDUCTIVE HEAT SOURCES FOR FAIRING HULL STRUCTURE PANELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434817</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434817</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMATIC FAIRING ALGORITHM FOR B-SPLINE CURVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/435521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An algorithm is presented for locally fairing B-spline curves. The algorithm is based on repeatedly removing and reinserting knots of the spline. These knots are selected automatically by means of a fairness criterion. The proposed scheme involves a new knot removal algorithm which compares favourably to existing ones.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/435521</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPUTER HANDLING OF SHIP HULL SHAPES AND OTHER SURFACES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436203</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A program for numerical handling of surfaces is presented. In ship technical applications its purpose is to define hull shapes, to produce geometrical data e.g. for hydrostatic calculations and meshes used in hydrodynamical calculations as well as offsets for ship production. Methods of spline and surface interpolation are discussed. On exact and two different approximate methods for hidden-lines removal are provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436203</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A DESIGN AND INTERROGATION SYSTEM FOR MODELLING WITH RATIONAL B-SPLINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437329</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The creation and evaluation of free-form curves and surfaces defined in terms of non-uniform rational B-splines is important for computer-aided geometric modelling of many marine structures. The paper outlines methods allowing creation of such curves and surfaces, focusing on methods which allow evaluation of their smoothness and character. Evaluation of curves is performed through curvature maps. Evaluation of surfaces includes wire frame and shaded image visualisations, sectioning through appropriate algebraic surfaces such as planes and cylinders, isophotes, reflection lines, orthotomics, Gaussian, mean, absolute principal and directional curvature maps and curvature lines. This is followed by a description of automated curve and surface fairing methods. Such procedures perform shape modifications to achieve smoother and less oscillatory forms. An executive system which allows creation, editing, interrogation and fairing of B-spline curves and surface patches is described. Examples from the application of the above system in shape interrogation and fairing of marine structures are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437329</guid>
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      <title>COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS FOR GENERATING AND FAIRING OF SHIP LINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440816</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on the different characteristics of elementary curves generating the ship form, a relevant portrait function is established.  Following composition by weighting, the harmonic function parameter of a ships cross-sectional curve is established.  Using the connection function and local modification of B-spline, the generation of lines, graphic display, man-machine interface, curve modification and discrimination for fairness are bound together and formed into a unique method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440816</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF NEW LINES-GENERATION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440820</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A lines-generation method has to prepare the functions to create the form at a designer's will and to maintain fairness as a three-dimensional surface.  The new method described in this paper can achieve this by considering the main hull and bulb part of a ship separately and generating a hull form as a combination of smooth lies defined by N-CURVE.  The system makes it possible for a designer to carry out lies work by EWS terminal only and removes tedious manual work for fairing.  It allows a designer to repeatedly check performance and general arrangement and find an optimum hull form in a short time.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440820</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF COMPUTER LOFTING FOR SMALL YARDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441051</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441051</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SIMPLIFICATION OF THE FAIRING PROCESS IN SHIP DESIGN WHICH PROVIDES AN ACCURATE PRODUCT MODEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441506</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper sets the environment for the introduction of a CAD/CAM system in a modern shipyard and briefly discusses the requirements of the selected system.  In particular, the paper focuses on the demand for high precision accuracy of the geometry model which is to be used as the basis for the detailed steelwork design and definition.  The paper states the traditional cross-fairing approach, with reference to both wire-frame (BLINES) and surface (HULLSURF) technologies.  A development using a limited number of general surface curves, some of which have associated angles, is then described.  The ability to fair a small, well defined data set leads to the ability to expedite the fairing process and results in the availability of a pseudo-surface definition which transfers quickly, and in a semi-automatic manner, to a true surface definition.  The paper gives illustrated applications of the developed software in a practical environment.  Regions of the surface can be classified by their curvature characteristics; this depends on the distribution of the surface curves and the associated angle curves which therefore have a subsequent impact on the interactive definition of the shell plating and the structural detailing.  Reference is also made in the paper to liaison in the fields of steelwork design and production with Hitachi Zosen Information Systems Ltd., and the development of software towards a total integrated CAD/CAM/CAE/CAP capability using a common hardware platform.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441506</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NON-UNIFORM B-SPLINE MESH FAIRING METHOD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441519</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A method for fairing the surface composed of a set of discrete data points distributed in a non-rectangular topological mesh is presented in this paper.  All curves are expressed by non-uniform cubic B-spline curves.  This method can minimise the elastic strain energy contained in the mesh curves as well as in a set of springs attached to the data points.  The fairing surface can be generated by interpolating through the mesh curves.  The generation and fairing of a ship hull surface is also given in the paper as an example.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441519</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GENERATION OF HULL SURFACES USING RATIONAL CUBIC BEZIER CURVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441733</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For generation of ship hull forms, rational cubic Bezier curves are chosen because of their superior behaviour.  A hull form is defined by two sets of three-dimensional grid lines - transverse lines and longitudinal lines.  Transverse lines are defined first.  Points on the different transverse lines with equal curve parameter values are then connected by longitudinal lines.  Each grid line is described as a rational 3-D Bezier curve.  The bilge, flat side of flat bottom can be defined precisely, and much flexibility is provided for defining bow and stern regions.  The hull surface obtained can be used to produce data for hydrostatic calculations and for generating panels for potential flow calculations and for generating panels for potential flow calculations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441733</guid>
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