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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Correlations Between PENCEL Pressuremeter, Cone Penetrometer, and Dilatometer Parameters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/847927</link>
      <description><![CDATA[PENCEL pressuremeter (PPMT), cone penetrometer (CPT), and dilatometer (DMT) tests were performed at three Florida sites. Two were sands and the third was clay. The PENCEL was pushed to the test depth using CPT equipment. During PPMT testing, both a smooth cone tip and a cone tip with a friction reducer were evaluated. Standardized testing procedures were followed for all tests. Initial or lift-off pressures (po), elastic moduli (E), and limit pressures (pL) were determined from the PPMT, whereas po and E values were determined from the DMT. CPT testing produced friction and tip resistances. Manual plus digital pressures and volumes were recorded during pressuremeter testing. Correlations were developed within the engineering parameters obtained from the PENCEL and between the PENCEL, cone, and dilatometer engineering parameters. All correlations matched published values. The PENCEL produced excellent correlations between the initial E and pL as well as the initial E and the reload E. Correlations based on digital elastic and reload moduli, from software called APMT, were higher than those based on the other recorded data. From the comparisons, promising correlations were developed between PPMT initial E values and CPT tip resistances. Promising correlations were also developed between PPMT pL and CPT tip resistances. Consistent ratios existed between PPMT and DMT po values as well as PPMT and DMT initial E values. Smooth and friction reducer cone tips evaluation indicated that soil disturbance, associated with the friction reducer, decreases the engineering parameters, and the friction reducer is not recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Mar 2008 08:16:20 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Standardizing the Pressuremeter Test for Determining p-y Curves for Laterally Loaded Piles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/790432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The control unit of the Roctest® Pencel Pressuremeter (PPMT) has been instrumented to enable digital pressures and volumes to be recorded.  This digital information is now acquired through a stand-alone software package, called APMT that incorporates the required calibrations to provide engineers with instantaneous reduced data along with pertinent engineering strength and stiffness parameters.  Pushed-in PPMT tests were performed in Florida sands and clays to standardize the testing procedure for the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT).  PPMT tests were conducted in soundings advanced using the FDOT Cone Penetrometer (CPT) testing rig.  Pushing the PPMT combined with the automation allows engineers to efficiently use reduced stress-strain data to determine elastic moduli, limit pressures and lift-off pressures.  These parameters were evaluated and proven to be realistic when compared to conventional pressuremeter (PMT) and dilatometer (DMT) data.  PPMT and DMT data from the Florida soils was used to determine p-y curves based on Robertson's methods (1986, 1989).  These curves were compared and produced similar results.  Seven historical field sites with instrumented and tested laterally loaded piles; PMT and DMT tests were evaluated.  PMT, mostly from PPMT tests, and DMT p-y curves, again based on Robertson's methods were developed and used with the FBMultiPier software to develop ground-line load-deflection data.  The PMT and DMT predicted data was compared to measured load-deflection data from the instrumented piles.  The PMT testing from these historical sites was performed without following a standard procedure and the resulting comparisons showed that the inconsistent testing produced highly variable predictions, highlighting the need for a standard PPMT test procedure.  Regardless of these inconsistencies, both the PMT and DMT predictions were comparable to the measured data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Oct 2006 11:26:08 GMT</pubDate>
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