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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Guide to road tunnels part 2: planning, design and commissioning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2438000</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Guide to Road Tunnels Part 2 provides guidance to those making decisions in the planning, design, operation and maintenance of new road tunnels in Australia and New Zealand. Principles and standards identified are based on both Australasian and international experience. Part 2 sets out the Austroads expectations regarding appropriate design for road tunnels. It discusses all aspects of planning, design and commissioning of road tunnels including structural and geotechnical requirements, fire and life safety, ventilation, lighting, traffic monitoring and control, plant monitoring and control, electrical power supply, the requirements for associated building structures and sustainability of road tunnels. It is expected that the Guide will be used by engineers and technical specialists in tunnel technology working on the planning, design and operation of road tunnels, proponents of road tunnel solutions, senior decision makers (in an overview role) and regulators in the various jurisdictions associated with the construction of tunnels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Oct 2024 14:27:18 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Towards more sustainable road tunnels in Australia and New Zealand: recommendations for practitioners</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2404175</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sustainability is important for many reasons but fundamentally it is not about what we should do for the environment, it is something we must do to preserve our quality of life and of all life on the planet. It is particularly important for road tunnels because compared to a road at grade, a road tunnel has a substantially higher carbon footprint, both during its construction and during the nonstop operation of its systems through its operating life. Practices and methods that promote the sustainability of road tunnels are, therefore, necessary for alleviating the pressure they exert on scarce resources and the natural environment. This paper presents research, commissioned by Austroads, into achieving sustainability for road tunnels in terms of improved environmental, economic and social outcomes. Specifically, it investigates the sustainable practices associated with managing the design, construction, operation and maintenance of road tunnels. This paper provides a range of recommendations to assist practitioners design, build and operate sustainable road tunnels. They are aimed towards inclusion in national best practice guidance for road tunnels and include general sustainability initiatives that can improve ventilation and lighting outcomes, preserve resources, reduce operating costs, utilise recycled materials, and minimise potential adverse environmental and social impacts. This paper aims to provide a benchmark for the sustainability of road tunnels in Australia and New Zealand that can be adapted across the globe.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2024 10:48:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2404175</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Guide to road tunnels: part 2: planning, design and commissioning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1395012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Guide to Road Tunnels Part 2 provides guidance to those making decisions in the planning, design, operation and maintenance of new road tunnels in Australia and New Zealand. Principles and standards identified are based on both Australasian and international experience. Part 2 sets out the Austroads expectations regarding appropriate design for road tunnels. It discusses all aspects of planning, design and commissioning of road tunnels including structural and geotechnical requirements, fire and life safety, ventilation, lighting, traffic monitoring and control, plant monitoring and control, electrical power supply and the requirements for associated building structures. It is expected that the Guide will be used by engineers and technical specialists in tunnel technology working on the planning, design and operation of road tunnels, proponents of road tunnel solutions, senior decision makers (in an overview role) and regulators in the various jurisdictions associated with the construction of tunnels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Jan 2016 11:32:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1395012</guid>
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      <title>Design of street lighting installations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1208084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 22:54:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1208084</guid>
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      <title>Street lighting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207331</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This section deals with the various aspects of street lighting such as the effect of street lighting on accidents, the economic considerations involved, Australian public lighting codes, objectives of street lighting, design criteria, level of luminance, uniformity of luminance, alternative traffic routes lighting layouts, standards of lighting and lighting of intersections and junctions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 22:22:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207331</guid>
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      <title>General principles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207036</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper also appears in Australian Road Research Board internal report air 205-10, entitled: preliminary papers for the workshop on freeway lighting, 11-12 December 1979.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 22:05:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207036</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The evolution of modular design road lighting lanterns using HID sources</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1199879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recounted are the developments from 1964/7 to 1990 of certain road lighting lanterns for use in particular with high pressure sodium lamps.  Leading to system of modular aluminium alloy diecastings.  Facet type reflector arrays constructed from standard blanks and flat armour-plate toughened safety glass which do not discolour.  Concurrent with a strict control of upward light, reducing the waste of 'sky-glow', the author recommends far greater attention to the toe-in azimuth angles in all installations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 16:50:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1199879</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Sky-glow conscious lighting design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1167691</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Aug 2012 19:20:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1167691</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ILLUMINATION GUIDELINES FOR NIGHTTIME HIGHWAY WORK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/482991</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This digest presents the findings from the final report on NCHRP Project 5-13, "Illumination Guidelines for Nighttime Highway Work".  Nighttime construction and maintenance work is performed by at least 24 state departments of transportation.  The preliminary guidelines are intended to assist in planning, designing, and operating nighttime highway work zone lighting systems.  These guidelines address visibility requirements, lighting equipment, lighting configuration and arrangement, lighting system design, system operation and maintenance, and economic considerations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/482991</guid>
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      <title>THE DESIGN OF STREET LIGHTING PILOT PROJECTS FOR KANSAS CITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/462984</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two recently completed street lighting pilot projects were sponsored by the city of Kansas City and Kansas City Power and Light Company and designed by Clanton Engineering Inc., of Boulder, Colorado. Common to both projects is the comparison of metal halide and high pressure sodium light sources. In addition, several different street lighting methods and techniques are used within each of the pilot areas to provide data for lighting evaluation purposes. City officials and citizens from over 85 different surrounding communities can now visit and examine the projects and make better informed decisions about street lighting in their municipalities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jul 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/462984</guid>
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      <title>SHEDDING MORE LIGHT ON TRANSIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/425896</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With inflation at its lowest point in over 20 years, raising ticket prices to transit users is less than an option, leaving expenditure reduction as the only way to keep budgets in the black. Lighting and energy costs are two budget areas that planners have zeroed in on to achieve these savings. On the demand side, computer-assisted energy management systems are now managing energy usage more effectively than ever before and reducing energy expenditures dramatically. Over the past 10 years the business of providing lighting for modern transportation facilities has evolved into a specialized area of expertise providing unique products specifically designed to address the concerns (i.e., energy consumption, durability, safety, aesthetics) of facility planners charged with building or retrofitting these buildings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jun 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/425896</guid>
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      <title>STREET LIGHT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT GUARANTEES PUBLIC PARTICIPATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/424920</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Arlington County, Virginia has long realized the safety aspects of street lighting and believes that street lighting will require continued improvement and increased budget consideration. In 1994 Arlington County developed a Street Lighting Program Policy and Guide for future planning and implementation of its street lighting program. Policy developers began with an evaluation of available street lighting: Mercury Vapor Lamps, Metal Halide Lamps, High Pressure Sodium Lamps, Low Pressure Sodium Lamps. Street light conversions and lighting styles are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Apr 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/424920</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF ROADWAY LIGHTING DESIGN CRITERIA. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/421323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The principal objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Florida Department of Transportation's (FDOT's) roadway lighting design criteria. This evaluation included identification of FDOT's current practice and a comparison of current professional design standards and industry practice.  The results of this evaluation are presented in this report.  Chapter 1 provides an introduction.  Chapter 2 provides a review of currently available lighting hardware options.  Chapter 3 presents current FDOT practice as well as a summary of current practice in the industry and gives a discussion of the environmental issues involved with roadway lighting.  In particular the subject of maintaining dark skies is reviewed.  Chapter 4 presents the conclusions and recommendations of the research team.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Apr 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/421323</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BRIGHT IDEAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/414359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Lighting--an often neglected aspect of urban design--can ensure public security, enhance noteworthy architecture, and increase the use of public spaces.  This article defines "well-designed" lighting and offers examples of lighting that are respectful of the space to be lit and the surrounding environment.  The examples include 30th Street Station (Philadelphia's 60-year-old rail terminal), Orange County Convention and Civic Center (Florida), Michigan State Capitol, Main Street Ann Arbor (Michigan), and Sunshine Skyway Bridge (Tampa Bay, Florida). In each example, the lighting system is described and the goal of the designer noted.  A sidebar to this article addresses light pollution and light-control ordinances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 03 Dec 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/414359</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MOVING OUT OF THE DARK AGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/378323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The truck lighting industry has developed new lights and lighting standards for trucks.  Sealed truck lamps debuted almost 30 years ago and are finally becoming standard on many tractors and trailers today.  Sealed lights, although costing three to four times more than unsealed lights initially, last anywhere from 10 to 20 times longer than standard lamps.  The article also discusses the latest innovation in truck lighting, the Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps, which experts predict will become the industry standard within the next five years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Jun 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/378323</guid>
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