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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Design and development of a new stand-alone profiler for marine monitoring purposes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2423429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine pollution is a complex issue that has prompted extensive research. The Mar Menor lagoon, a singular Mediterranean ecological feature, is under pressure from various economic activities, leading to episodes of hypoxia and fish mass mortality. The lagoon is covered by an extensive meadow of submerged vegetation that release oxygen during daylight hours but consumes it during the night. Under exceptional conditions, the water column becomes stratified, with higher oxygen consumption in the deeper layers due to organic matter decomposition. Therefore, continuous high-frequency monitoring of critical parameters affecting the metabolic behaviour of the lagoon is essential. This marine environment has traditionally been monitored with traditional techniques from vessels on a weekly basis, incurring in high costs and yielding limited results. This article introduces the s-Nautilus, a submersible profiler that enables near real-time data transmission in shallow marine environments. It showcases an operational autonomy of two months and significantly reduces installation costs by eliminating the need for on-site infrastructure and personnel. Weighing 21 kg, makes it easy to transport, and it can be equipped with different commercial sensors to monitor various parameters as required. Currently, several s-Nautilus profilers are deployed in the Mar Menor lagoon, collecting data during critical hours, and providing valuable information to the managers of this emblematic environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Sep 2024 16:26:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2423429</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Technical-Economic Study on Eco-Friendly Management by Means of Re-Using Rainwater in a Carmaker</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1810485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is a technical-economic study on the implementation of an Eco-friendly Project in the industrial facilities of a carmaker with 2.200 employees, located in the town of Porto Real, Rio de Janeiro State, by means of re-using rainwater for industrial and sanitary purposes. Owing to the high water capturing capability as well as the great demand, lagoon-shaped cisterns of 4.5m deep were formed to store rainwater after treatment for coarse solids. The coverage area is around 100.000m2 in the main buildings belonging to the manufacturing facilities and it is anticipated that some 160.000 m3 of water will be captured annually to a consumption of 75.160 m3. The purpose of using rainwater being to save on well water and electric power consumed in the pumping process at 90m deep. Currently, water is supplied by two artesian wells, serving a total consumption of 228.000 m3 per annum for industrial, catering and sanitary purposes of the 2.200 employees.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Oct 2022 13:38:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1810485</guid>
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      <title>Mercury in the Bottom Sediments of the Ship Channel and River Mouths: the Vistula Lagoon</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1757078</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is studied the distribution of Hg in bottom sediments of estuaries on the banks of the open water area of the Vistula Lagoon and in the Kaliningrad Sea Canal (KSC) isolated from it. Methods for the determination of Hg: inversive voltammetry and highly sensitive flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. It has been established: from spring to autumn the activation of storms and surge events in the lagoon, intensification of the water flushing regime of the channels ensure a significant Hg decrease in river mouths, but in dynamically weakened KSC conditions - an increase in Hg (from 0.05 to 0.85 mg / kg). In KSC bays, the safe level of Hg (0.3 mg / kg) for the period 2000-2015 was not exceeded (0.008 to 0.216 mg / kg), which indicates a favorable ecological and epidemiological situation. Hg determinations by low-sensitivity methods can be used only in qualitative assessments of the variability in concentrations of any dangerous toxicant. Finding a reliable amount of Hg in river mouths requires the use of highly sensitive methods of analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2020 10:07:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1757078</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Capping a Lagoon</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1481994</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A novel approach was taken to cost-effectively close a 4.86 ha unlined industrial wastewater sludge lagoon in North Carolina and reduce leachate production. A floating geosynthetic cover system gave crews and equipment access to the lagoon surface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 2017 10:17:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1481994</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Influence of Long Waves on Ship Motions in a Lagoon Harbour</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388053</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A physical model study of a vessel moored inside a lagoon harbour was undertaken in order to optimize a breakwater layout that best reduces the penetration of long wave energy inside the lagoon. The longer the breakwater at the entrance: the smaller the surge motion inside the lagoon. A combination of a short breakwater at the entrance channel and a pair of groynes in front and in the rear of the vessel also led to an efficient reduction of the surge motion. However, cost estimates and evaluation of vessel manoeuvrability are required to make an optimal choice of the breakwater layout. The use of a deterministic approach in wave generation led to a quicker testing procedure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1388053</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hypersaline Permafrost Under a Lagoon of the Arctic Ocean</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1395175</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A series of borings was drilled and sampled in the winter on a transect across a 1 to 2 m deep lagoon on the Alaskan Coast of the Arctic Ocean. Subsurface temperatures were measured, and all of the temperatures were below freezing, with soils under the lagoon colder than those under the deeper offshore water. Pore water salinities were measured and show a hypersaline condition of 2 to 4 times the salinity found in seawater. Much of the lagoon freezes to its full depth by the end of the winter. In the shallower waters, the seasonal freezing penetrates into the underlying soil. Salt exclusion from the bottom of the ice cover continues down into the soil with the deepening freezing front. However, when the materials thaw each summer the process is not reversed by the slower diffusion process, so the pore water salinity increases year by year. The hypersalinity results in the chemical degradation of the interstitial ice. Visual ice and ice bonding were not observed where hypersalinity depresses the freezing point below the ground temperature.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2016 09:01:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1395175</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Bar-Built Estuary Modeling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1344118</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A multi-agency team partnership is considering a project to restore and redesign the Scott Creek Lagoon Estuary in Santa Cruz County, California. The project would include examine the existing Highway 1 bridge openings and determine requirements for restoration of the lagoon system as it intersects the roadway. This research examines current modeling techniques to forecast hydrologic input and output volumes, along with water salinity and expected scour and draining, to ensure that state of the art models are used.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2015 09:07:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1344118</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WATERBUS: A model to estimate boats’ emissions in “water cities”</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1257400</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An emissions factor model (WATERBUS) is developed to estimate boats emissions in Venice, Italy. Waterbuses and small private boats undertake most of the internal transport with the city and provide connections with other islands in the Venice lagoon and the mainland. Even though the engines of these boats are smaller, sailing conditions do not correspond to those of larger vessels. Consequently, emission factors typically associated with large boats are not readily transferrable. The authors thus estimate specific emissions for small boats and waterbus in the lagoon area. The WATERBUS model is used to assess emission changes that would occur if the fleet were fitted with electronic engines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Sep 2013 12:28:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1257400</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Biodiesel from Lagoon Microalgae: Acceptable Alternative Fuel for the Transportation Crunch?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1240652</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One main reason for the popularity of microalgae as an acceptable fuel source is their potential to maximize productivity (e.g., gallons of oil or fuel produced per acre per year) by converting the energy of solar photons during the process of carbon dioxide fixation into biomass energy, benefiting the environment. Marketing the coproducts generated (i.e., postextraction algal residue) could make transportation fuel from microalgae a viable product. The biofuel obtained from microalgae is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, with a focus on the energetic and environmental feasibility of this fuel for use in the transportation sector. Obstacles to and limitations of the process, in terms of energy and environmental performance, are identified. An important aspect of this issue is the need to improve product processing and recovery, which include mechanical and energy-intensive processes such as centrifugation, filtration, flocculation, and cell disruption. Results obtained so far indicate that the various strains of microalgae obtained from lagoons in Portugal and Spain offer a huge prospect for biodiesel production. However, results of life-cycle analysis with the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation model (updated with Portuguese data) lead to the conclusion that, at this stage, biodiesel from microalgae is not a valid option for the large-scale replacement of conventional fuels. Specifically, the extraction step for biodiesel production is detrimental in terms of energy and solvent use and must be refined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2013 08:48:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1240652</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Lagoonal Clay Deposits in Lixia River Area by Seismic Piezocone Tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/968052</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of a site investigation on the soft, normally to slightly overconsolidated, Lixia River Lagoonal clay deposit underlying several expressway lines based on seismic piezocone penetration tests (SCPTUs), undisturbed soil sampling from an adjacent borehole, and laboratory tests, are reported here. SCPTU data were used both in the determination of soil profile and the interpretation of strength and deformation properties. The investigation demonstrated a close agreement between strength parameters derived from the field vane tests, and laboratory tests and interpreted SCPTU parameters with a cone factor of Nkt = 16.5. Comparison of the results reveals the validity of SCPTU tests to interpret the strength and deformation properties of Lixia River Lagoonal clay deposits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Oct 2010 14:53:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/968052</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An economic assessment of the impacts of the MOSE barriers on Venice port activities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/920082</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To protect Venice from flooding, a number of protective measures have been adopted, including a system of mobile barriers known as MOSE. These separate the lagoon from the surges in the Adriatic Sea but interfere with shipping and on port activities. We estimate direct costs on ship traffic resulting from the use of MOSE, i.e., the additional costs of longer waiting time when passing through the Venice Lagoon. Our estimate uses inputs from a hydrodynamic model applied to the ship traffic between 2000 and 2002 and indicate that these costs range from €347,943 to €1.3 million a year, depending on the hypotheses adopted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Jul 2010 11:37:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/920082</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Relationship Between the Mucilage Phenomenon and Some Concomitant Environmental Variables in the Northern-Adriatic Lagoon of Stella Maris, Umag, Croatia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/868460</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The appearance of mucilage episodes and some meteorological and oceanographic variables were daily monitored during a one-year period in the shallow macro-tidal northern-Adriatic lagoon of Stella Maris, Umag (Croatia). The phenomenon that appeared in the seawater in the form of gelatinous flocks, patches and stringers of various size and colour was recorded from April to September 2005. The environmental data collected during that period (air and water temperature, wind force and wind direction, tides, water density and salinity, current speed and current direction) were compared by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the winter parameters when the mucilage was absent. From the results obtained using the PCA method, the authors assumed that the changes in current speed, wind force, and wind direction during the spring and summer period were able to affect density, tides and salinity which then became decisive factors that contributed to the accumulation of the mucilage aggregates. Similar findings documented in the whole northern Adriatic are discussed in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2008 08:42:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/868460</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Environmental Management and Numerical Models: Examples from Long-Term Ecological Research on a Real Case Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/798747</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes how numerical models provide a framework for the integration and synthesis of existing knowledge about ecosystems, and the models might offer important contributions for understanding the scale of human disturbance and the potential effectiveness of restoration action. In addition they provide the quantitative knowledge which is required for evaluation, at ecological and economic levels, of consequences of the implementation of possible alternative scenarios of policy options. Coastal areas and estuaries are particularly important sites, since they are very sensitive to anthropogenic impact and are very valuable. We present applications of a long-term modeling study on the Lagoon of Venice, which is the largest Italian lagoon. A suite of models, including a 3D fully coupled transport–water quality model, has been developed, validated against a substantial amount of real world data, and used to investigate nutrient cycles, primary production and water quality status. The model has then been used to analyze the effects of different scenarios of loading from the drainage basin, and to solve the inverse problem of the identification of Maximum Permissible Load that is compatible with the predefined Water Quality Target. Other applications include the integration of the model with a model for the growth and population dynamic of clams, and the identification of economically efficient and ecologically sound policies for exploitation of this renewable resource, in agreement with paradigms from sustainable developments. Finally, the model has been modified, and applied to derive a contribution to the evaluation of effects of multiple temporary closures of lagoon inlets on the water quality of the lagoon.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 08:39:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/798747</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Applications for Reuse of Lime Sludge from Water Softening</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/781555</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Lime sludge, an inert material mostly composed of calcium carbonate, is the result of softening hard water for distribution as drinking water. A large city such as Des Moines, Iowa, produces about 30,700 tons of lime sludge (dry weight basis) annually (Jones et al., 2005). Eight Iowa cities representing, according to the United States (U.S.) Census Bureau, 23% of the state’s population of 3 million, were surveyed. They estimated that they collectively produce 64,470 tons of lime sludge (dry weight basis) per year, and they currently have 371,800 tons (dry weight basis) stockpiled. Recently, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources directed those cities using lime softening in drinking water treatment to stop digging new lagoons to dispose of lime sludge. Five Iowa cities with stockpiles of lime sludge funded this research. The research goal was to find useful and economical alternatives for the use of lime sludge. Feasibility studies tested the efficacy of using lime sludge in cement production, power plant SOx treatment, dust control on gravel roads, wastewater neutralization, and in-fill materials for road construction. Applications using lime sludge in cement production, power plant SOx treatment, and wastewater neutralization, and as a fill material for road construction showed positive results, but the dust control application did not. Since the fill material application showed the most promise in accomplishing the project’s goal within the time limits of this research project, it was chosen for further investigation. Lime sludge is classified as inorganic silt with low plasticity. Since it only has an unconfined compressive strength of approximately 110 kPa, mixtures with fly ash and cement were developed to obtain higher strengths. When fly ash was added at a rate of 50% of the dry weight of the lime sludge, the unconfined strength increased to 1600 kPa. Further, friction angles and California Bearing Ratios were higher than those published for soils of the same classification. However, the mixtures do not perform well in durability tests. The mixtures tested did not survive 12 cycles of freezing and thawing and wetting and drying without excessive mass and volume loss. Thus, these mixtures must be placed at depths below the freezing line in the soil profile. The results demonstrated that chemically stabilized lime sludge is able to contribute bulk volume to embankments in road construction projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 May 2006 17:05:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/781555</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Estuarine and Coastal Modeling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/761644</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This proceedings, Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, contains 66 papers on the state-of-the-art developments and applications of models for bays, sounds, lagoons, estuaries, embayments, bights, and coastal seas.  Marine environmental modeling assessment problems are discussed along with their engineering and environmental impacts.  Model applications, which address regulatory requirements for facility sighting and operation, are also presented, as well as the application of models to problems in hydrodynamics, water quality, and sediment transport.  Coastal engineering professionals will find the proceedings a valuable reference.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Oct 2005 07:59:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/761644</guid>
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