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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>THE ALF PROGRAM AND ITS RELATION TO PAVEMENT RESEARCH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/219034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A strategy plan has been developed to ensure that the accelerated loading facility (alf) program of loading trials is integrated with related components of pavement research. The primary areas of concern for pavement technology research are considered to be layer equivalency, load equivalency, and criteria for overlay design.  It is proposed that these problems be addressed by a four pronged integrated strategy combining structural analysis of pavements, materials characterisation, accelerated loading tests, and monitoring of field performance.  The long term monitoring of pavements subjected to accelerated loading tests is a critical component of the overall program.  An outline strategy is proposed for co-ordination of pavement research at a broader level, based on a national pavement and materials performance data bank.  For the record of the covering entry see TRIS no 399524.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2004 02:55:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/219034</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PERFORMANCE OF NEWLY CONSTRUCTED FULL-DEPTH FOAMED BITUMEN/CRUSHED ROCK PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/59455</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two full-depth foamed bitumen black base pavements were constructed, with layer equivalency factors of 1.25 and 1.39 applied to reduce the conventional granular pavement design thicknesses.  Stress and strain gauges were installed during construction to measure vertical, transverse and longitudinal stresses and strains during the service life of the road.  The initial measurements obtained from these gauges are compared with the stresses and strains predicted by use of laboratory measured elastic parameters in the CSIRO craylay pavement analysis computer program.  The results are discussed as a possible method whereby specific layer equivalency factors may be predicted for the higher bitumen content, foamed bitumen, crushed rock mixtures. (Author) /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/59455</guid>
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      <title>ELASTIC LAYER ANALYSIS RELATED TO PERFORMANCE IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/27862</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based on Ontario experience with flexible pavements and results of the AASHO Road Test, it was found that the calculated subgrade deflection under a standard wheel load is the best indicator of performance of the pavement as a whole, compared with other stress, strain and deformation values calculated by elastic layer theory.  In the calculations, layer equivalencies obtained from experience and variations in subgrades were expressed in terms of elastic moduli.  It was found that subgrade deflections can be calculated more simply by using Odemark's concept of equivalent layer thickness.  Expressions for Load Equivalency Factors were derived from AASHO Road Test data, using this simplified deflection calculation.  Finally, a functional relationship between subgrade deflection, number of standard load applications and Present Serviceability Index was established.  The findings constitute major parts of a design subsystem to be used within a management system for flexible pavements.  It was found that this design subsystem can be linked to experience by comparing calculated subgrade deflections with Benkelman Beam Rebound data, both of which are related to pavement thickness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 03 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/27862</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FOAMED BITUMEN PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF MIXTURES EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53854</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years considerable experience has been gained in Australia with the construction of pavements incorporating foamed bitumen.  This paper presents an overview of foamed bitumen technology in which production, testing procedures and properties of foamed bitumen mixtures are discussed.  It is shown that the quality of foam is important and that properties of foamed mixtures are different to those of cold mixtures produced with other materials such as emulsions or cutbacks.  Laboratory studies on numerous mixtures are reported and layer equivalency values are discussed for those mixtures using measured cohesion values or elastic moduli.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53854</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE AND PAVEMENT DISTRESS AS DETERMINANTS OF BASE COURSE STRUCTURAL EQUIVALENCIES. VOLUME 8</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30072</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report is the eighth of an eight-volume series which constitutes the Interim Report for PennDOT Research Project 71-7 entitled 'An Evaluation of Pennsylvania's Flexible Pavement Design Methodology.' This volume deals with the determination of structural layer equivalencies for the four stabilized base courses by the performance approach and the evaluation of the AASHO design method. A promising relationship which was found to exist between pavement thickness and pavement performance is also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Dec 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30072</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAN DIEGO COUNTY EXPERIMENTAL BASE PROJECT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A report based on research in The Asphalt Institute's Structural Design Research Program is presented. The performance of 35 full-scale test sections, five Full-Depth asphalt bases and two untreated bases were analyzed to develop layer equivalencies and other thickness-design information. Analyses were made using both multilayered elastic theory and observed performance as measured by a panel rating. Significance of findings as they relate to the structural design of pavements is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42474</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENGINEERING ECONOMY AND ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS: STABILIZATION GUIDELINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The correct use of lime, cement, and asphalt for improving material properties is discussed, and guidelines are given for selection of a stabilization approach and construction methods.  The potential savings that may result by using stabilization of subgrades and/or other materials must be evaluated via a cost analysis of the different alternatives.  A framework that will assist in making this analysis is graphically illustrated.  Sieve analyses and Atterberg Limit tests are first performed on subgrade samples and samples for use as subbase and base courses. The use of possible stabilizers must then be determined (a chart is provided to help in this task).  Estimates are then made for in-place costs of all untreated and treated materials, followed by decision of use of FPS/RPS computer design of layer equivalence concept.  Finally the pavement design must be selected and the possible use of optional bids must be determined.  Details of the economic analysis are outlined, and general guidelines are presented regarding the best soils that may be economically obtained for the job, techniques to determine optimum moistures and densities, equipment and construction techniques, compaction in field, curing the stabilized layers, inspection procedures, and the avoidance of soils which are high in organic matter.  Included in the appendix are summaries of test methods and comments on the following: lime treatment for materials in place, lime treatment for base courses, portland cement treatment for materials in place, portland cement treatment for base courses, cement stabilized base, soil asphalt base (road mix), asphalt stabilized base (plant mix), lime-cement stabilization and lime-asphalt stabilization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jun 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42038</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DEFLECTION ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/96329</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THREE PARAMETERS ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THE DEFLECTION BASIN CURVE: (1) DYNAFLECT MAXIMUM DEFLECTION, (2) SURFACE CURVATURE INDEX, AND (3) BASE CURVATURE INDEX. MEASUREMENTS PROVIDE A MEANS OF ANALYZING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE. THE IBM 360 COMPUTER AND CALCOMP PLOTTER WERE USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEFLECTION BASIN SHAPE AS WELL AS IN TEMPERATURE AND LAYER EQUIVALENCY STUDIES. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE TEMPERATURE STUDY WAS TO FIND A CORRECTION FACTOR TO USE IN ELIMINATING TEMPERATURE AS A VARIABLE IN DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS. IT WAS FOUND (1) THAT THE DEFLECTION-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP COULD NOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE MANY OTHER VARIABLES INVOLVED, AND (2) THAT VARIABLES SUCH AS AGE AND SEASONAL VARIATION HAD A LARGE EFFECT ON THE TEMPERATURE-DEFLECTION CURVES. IN THE AREAS OF LAYER EQUIVALENCE, EMBANKMENT HEIGHT, OVERLAY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONTROL, A GREAT AMOUNT OF USEFUL INFORMATION WAS ACCRUED. AN OVERLAY DESIGN PROCEDURE BASED ON DEFLECTION WAS ESTABLISHED. AREAS OF WEAK EMBANKMENT COULD BE DETECTED PRIOR TO INITIAL SURFACING ALLOWING CORRECTIONS TO BE MADE. ALSO, MINIMUM EMBANKMENT FILL COULD BE DETERMINED WHICH THE DESIGNER COULD USE WITHOUT APPREHENSION. USING THE DYNAFLECT FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTROL INCORPORATED ALL LEVELS OF CONSTRUCTION; HOWEVER, TO BE UTILIZED SATISFACTORILY ON EMBANKMENT MATERIALS, THE EMBANKMENT MUST BE GRADED TO A SMOOTH SURFACE TO ALLOW ACCESS TO THE TEST AREA. RESILIENCE, AGE OF SURFACING, DENSITY, MOISTURE, SOIL SUPPORT, AND VOLUME OF TRAFFIC ARE TREATED BRIEFLY. RESILIENCE WAS FOUND NOT TO EXHIBIT THE STATEWIDE VARIATION THAT HAD BEEN ANTICIPATED. FOR THIS REASON RESILIENCE WAS ELIMINATED AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR. AGE OF SURFACE, SOIL SUPPORT, AND VOLUME OF TRAFFIC ARE INCLUDED. /FHWA/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 08 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/96329</guid>
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