<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>ASIRI+: French National Research Program on Soil Reinforcement with Rigid Inclusions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113155</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ASIRI+ Project, initiated in April 2019, is presented with a special focus on rolling loads for the application to linear geotechnical infrastructures such as railways and roads. This type of loading needs to be taken into account for understanding and qualifying the efficiency of the load transfer for several geometrical configurations: loads following one-way, two-ways or random direction; load transfer platform reinforced with geosynthetics or not. Laboratory testing and centrifuge modeling devices are used for this research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 17:09:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113155</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vertical Bearing Characteristic of Precast Hybrid Reinforcement Concrete Pipe Pile Considering Different End Forms in Stiff Silty Clays</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701106</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Precast prestressed reinforced concrete (PRC) pipe piles are increasingly adopted where static pressing is impractical; however, design-oriented evidence for their vertical bearing behavior in stiff silty clays remains limited. This study combines site static cone penetration tests with full-scale static load tests on hammer-driven PRC pipe piles with open-ended and closed-ended tips to clarify the governing load transfer mechanism and to improve capacity prediction for engineering design. The results show that pile tip configuration was a key factor influencing the bearing behavior of PRC pipe piles. Open-ended piles experience stronger driving-induced disturbance in the tested stiff clay layers, leading to lower mobilized shaft resistance than closed-ended piles. The responses of both pile types can be well described by a bilinear strain hardening load transfer relationship. Building on these observations, a three-stage load transfer function based on Rusch elastoplastic theory was developed and calibrated using test data, achieving improved ultimate bearing capacity prediction compared with conventional design parameter selection. For designs in stiff silty clay, median values of shaft resistance are recommended for open-ended piles; however, the upper-bound values of shaft and base resistances can be adopted for closed-ended piles. These recommendations should be applied cautiously beyond the tested pile configurations, soil properties, and installation method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 14:37:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701106</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Shear behaviour and theoretical model of large shear key dry joints in precast concrete segmental bridges using advanced monitoring</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691680</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Keyed dry joints are commonly utilised in segmental bridges for shear stress transmission. The aim of this study is to explore the shear behaviour and capacity of large shear key dry joints. The considered parameters included key base height, key number and concrete strength. The key base heights were found to have a significant impact on the failure mode and shear carrying capacity. When the key base height is increased by 100%, the shear carrying capacity of the joint is increased by 156%. Digital image correlation (DIC) and distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) technologies revealed the characteristics of load transfer in the large shear key, validated the principle of inclined strut column and observed the changing angle of inclined column with the increase in shear key size. Moreover, due to the shear transfer at the large key teeth, there is a trend of separation in the lower contact surfaces of the joint. Based on these findings, an improved calculation method for the shear strength of large key dry joints was established. The calculation results show more accurate predictions for large key dry joints than available calculation methods developed for smaller keyed dry joints.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2026 13:15:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691680</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Monitoring the Performance of a Steel-Reinforced Mixed MSE Abutment Wall during and after Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2662719</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a case study of the performance of a pile-supported, mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) bridge abutment in Whitestown, Indiana, both during construction and while in service. A zone near the middle of the east MSE abutment wall (Bent 3) was instrumented with earth pressure cells, strain gauges, inclinometers, and crackmeters to investigate the transfer of dead and live loads from the bridge to the foundation elements (pile cap and piles), and to assess the performance of the MSE abutment wall under these loading conditions. The results indicate that the vertical stress measured at the base of the leveling pad was greater than that calculated based on the self-weight of the wall facing by a factor of 2–3 during bridge construction. The measured dead loads carried by the instrumented piles were compared with the estimated dead loads used in the design of the MSE abutment. No significant changes were observed in the response of the MSE abutment wall after the bridge was constructed and opened to traffic. A live load test was performed by parking 12 triaxle trucks at different locations along the approach to the instrumented MSE abutment and on the bridge deck near the abutment. Most (≈91%) of the live load in the instrumented zone of the pile cap was carried by the piles, and the remaining 9% of the live load was carried by the fill material in contact with the pile cap.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2026 14:33:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2662719</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On the lightweight design of laminated insulating glass units in cruise ships</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Modern cruise ships employ many large windows to enable passengers to enjoy the marine environment. Most windows are insulating glass units (IGUs) consisting of laminated glass and a hermetically sealed cavity. These laminated IGUs exhibit three physical effects under bending: (1) geometric nonlinearity of the glass panes, (2) shear transfer in the laminated glass, and (3) load sharing due to the hermetically sealed cavity. The Authors have previously studied the (1) and (3) effects on the window mechanical behaviour and glass pane thickness determination. Hence, this paper investigates through optimisation how all these effects together lighten the IGUs, and how the shear transfer affects the IGU mechanical behaviour with the optimised thicknesses. All three combined effects have positive effects on the IGU weight. These results are more pronounced for large and thin IGUs subjected to high design loads. For example, the choice of interlayer material is less important (for optimum weight) for small windows subjected to a low design load. Since all the effects are important, using the finite element method is recommended to achieve a lightweight window design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 09:11:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643487</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Load transfer mechanism and interaction evolution in pile-soil system to high-frequency axial load: Centrifuge modelling and numerical analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652810</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dynamic interaction between pile and saturated soil governs pile settlement in soft soil foundation, which is strictly controlled in high-speed railways. However, the underlying mechanisms governing the transformation of dynamic load within the pile-soil system and their evolution over time remain inadequately understood. Therefore, conventional design methods that rely solely on static pile capacity and neglect dynamic interaction effects are inapplicable. In this study, a series of centrifuge modelling tests were conducted using a self-developed dynamic loading device and an instrumented model pile. The setup adequately satisfied the similitude requirements for intensified loading frequency and stress wave propagation along pile. Various static and dynamic loads were applied to the pile embedded in saturated silty soil, with frequencies reaching 360 Hz and cycles up to 5 × 105. Complementary numerical analyses were also performed to elucidate the mechanisms of dynamic pile-soil interaction. Experimental and numerical results demonstrate that stress waves propagated from the pile shaft into the surrounding soil in the form of Mach cone, driven by the differences in wave velocities between pile and soil. Moreover, soil vibration attenuated with increasing distance from the pile, a trend predictable using Bornitz’s approach even under loading frequencies as high as 360 Hz. The evolution of pore water pressure and the corresponding redistribution of axial force along the pile reveal distinct pile-soil interaction responses under different loading amplitudes: (1) Under low-amplitude loads (CLR ≤ 0.3), pore water pressure accumulation was negligible, shaft resistance carried most of the pile-head load without significant degradation, and base resistance remained minimal; (2) Under moderate loads (0.4 ≤ CLR ≤ 0.5), pore pressure accumulated noticeably, shaft resistance gradually degraded, axial force was transmitted to deeper pile segments, and base resistance increased but remained below its ultimate threshold; (3) Under high-amplitude loads (CLR ≥ 0.6), buildup of pore water pressure was most pronounced, shaft resistance degradation was substantial, base resistance increased significantly compared with moderate load levels, and deformation of the soil beneath the pile tip accumulated rapidly. Ultimately, these micromechanical processes led to distinct macro-scale settlement behaviours, i.e., stable, metastable, and unstable developments, which can be consistently explained by the evolving dynamic pile-soil interaction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:30:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652810</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEM Analysis of Load Transfer Mechanisms in Pile-Supported Embankments under Cyclic Traffic Loading</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652814</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study develops discrete element method (DEM) models to investigate the soil arching and membrane effects in geosynthetic reinforced, pile-supported (GRPS) embankments under cyclic loading. The model was validated against large-scale physical model tests to ensure reliability. Using the validated DEM, the evolution of contact force chains, fabric tensors, and average contact force ratios (ACFR) was analyzed to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms of load transfer and degradation. The results reveal that cyclic loading leads to progressive degradation of soil arching in unreinforced embankments, initiating from the bottom and propagating upward. In contrast, the presence of geogrid reinforcement effectively stabilizes the soil arching structure, enhances load transfer to the pile caps, and reduces the contact force transmitted to the underlying soft soil. The geogrid exhibits a distinct membrane effect characterized by parabolic deflection and localized tensile strain, particularly during the early cycles. Parametric analyses further demonstrate that higher trough values, larger load amplitudes, and higher loading frequencies accelerate the degradation of soil arching, while an intermediate loading area and moderate embankment porosity yield the most stable load transfer. Although thicker soft soil foundations initially enhance soil arching, they are more susceptible to degradation under repeated loading.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:30:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652814</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A nonlinear optimisation considering axle load transfer for enhancing adhesion utilisation of a locomotive with an oblique traction rod</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659288</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Locomotives are susceptible to wheel slip when passing through the low adhesion sections. Wheel slip is more likely to occur on wheelsets with reduced axle load due to axle load transfer (ALT). To address this problem, we propose a nonlinear optimisation method for traction forces to improve the locomotive adhesion utilisation under the rail adhesion limitation. Firstly, we established an improved ALT model considering the rotation of the traction rod and verified its effectiveness through a field test. Then, we applied a sequential quadratic programming algorithm to optimise the traction forces with the constraints of the adhesion and ALT. Based on the proposed method, we analysed the impact of static axle load, traction force limitations, and coupler pitch angle on the optimisation results. The results indicate that the optimisation method can effectively utilize the axle load and adhesion of all wheelsets under different factors. A train dynamics model incorporating the optimisation module is further developed to investigate the method's effectiveness in improving the adhesion utilisation of locomotives. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimisation method can enhance the maximum traction force of the locomotive, effectively preventing the wheelset with reduced axle load from slipping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 13:54:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659288</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>In Situ Performance Monitoring of Bridge Joints Constructed with Rapid-Setting Concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689761</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effectiveness of Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) relies on the performance and durability of field-placed connections, particularly those utilizing Rapid-Setting Concrete (RSC). While ABC significantly reduces construction time and minimizes traffic disruptions, its success is contingent upon ensuring that these connections exhibit long-term structural integrity and durability under real-world conditions. A primary concern with RSC joints is their susceptibility to environmental and mechanical stressors, including freeze-thaw cycles, chloride ingress from deicing salts, shrinkage-induced cracking, and repeated loading from traffic. These factors can compromise load transfer efficiency, stiffness, and overall durability, leading to higher maintenance demands and potential early-life failures.
One of the key questions facing transportation agencies is whether performance-based specifications for RSC joints are adequately calibrated to address real-world service conditions. While these specifications help ensure quality, they also increase material costs and require extensive laboratory testing and quality control oversight. Given that ABC aims to accelerate construction without compromising long-term resilience, a critical knowledge gap remains regarding how well RSC joints perform under in-service conditions as compared to their expected design performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 09:42:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689761</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on connection stiffness and load transfer performance of precast assembled pavement panels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651542</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prefabricated pavement systems provide a novel approach for rapid construction of airport pavement. It is worth further research on the connection stiffness and load transfer performance of prefabricated pavements with limited connection points. Currently, there is a lack of research on full-scale plate testing and dynamic load analysis in the assessment of joint stiffness and load transfer capacity for such pavements. Based on the design of prefabricated pavement panels at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, this paper conducted a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test on a full-scale pavement model. The deflection at the bottom of prefabricated panels was measured, and the load transfer coefficients were calculated. By finite element simulations of transient dynamics and static mechanics, a comparative analysis of testing and finite element simulating results under static and dynamic loads was carried out. By introducing a connection stiffness coefficient, it was found that the relationship between the connection stiffness coefficient and the load transfer coefficient of deflection followed an “S”-shaped curve, and two formulas were fitted for simplified calculation of the load transfer coefficient in prefabricated pavements. Based on equivalent calculations of joint stiffness and comparisons with the test results, it was suggested that load transfer through connecting steel bars to the surrounding area did not follow a linear pattern. Additionally, even without panel connections, a load transfer coefficient of 20% to 30% can be achieved relying solely on the monolithic base layer, and this value was independent of the modulus of reaction at the base. The research contributes to the design of joint stiffness and the calculation of load transfer coefficients in prefabricated pavements, thereby ensuring their practical engineering applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:13:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2651542</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on upper shear hinge force transmission mechanism and transient dynamic behavior of steel spring floating slab track</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The shear hinge is a key component of the steel spring floating slab track (SSFST), connecting adjacent slabs at the slab joint. However, failures such as shaft and bolt fractures frequently occur. This study investigates the shear and bending strain of the shear hinge shaft and the corresponding slab-end displacement. A rigid-flexible coupling global model of the bogies-track system and an upper shear hinge-concrete sub-model were established using finite element sub-model technology, to analyze the force transmission mechanism and transient dynamic behavior of the shear hinge. Based on the identified force transmission mechanism, structure optimization measures were proposed. The results showed that: (1) Under upward loads, the existing upper shear hinge structure exhibits a single force transmission path, the stress distribution among the shear hinge bolts is unbalanced, and bending stress contributed significantly to the maximum Mises stress in the bolts; (2) Stress concentration appears on the surface of the shear hinge shaft, and bending stress contributed significantly to the maximum Mises stress; (3) After optimization, the shear stiffness of the shear hinge increased by 42.3 %, while the maximum Mises stress of the bolt and shaft decreased by 47.2 % and 1.5 % under train loads respectively. The optimized structure can effectively balance the stress distribution across various components of the shear hinge.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:45:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648229</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on the Vibration Response of the Slab Track Coupling System under the Influence of Shear Hinge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2647521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The structural form and configuration of metro tracks significantly influence vibration transmission during train operations. As a key connecting component of slab tracks, shear hinges enhance end restraints and improve continuity between adjacent slabs, thereby affecting load transfer within the track structure. In this study, a refined shear hinge system is introduced, and a three-dimensional substructure coupling model is proposed. Coupled models of the steel spring floating slab track (SSFST)-shear hinge system and the integral ballastless track (IBT)-shear hinge system are developed, both accounting for substructure interactions, The models are validated using field data from Hangzhou Metro Line 1. Based on this, systematic comparisons between SSFST and IBT under different train speeds are performed, focusing on the dynamic responses of the rail, slab, tunnel, and ground surface. Results show that rail acceleration increases nonlinearly with speed, with greater responses at slab joints than at mid-span. SSFST exhibits higher slab responses than IBT, while the shear hinge effectively reduces slab-end displacements and sustains stronger dynamic effects at high speeds. At the tunnel and environmental levels, SSFST demonstrates superior vibration attenuation, whereas IBT shows a “sawtooth” displacement pattern under high-speed conditions, while SSFST remains stable. Ground surface vibrations are relatively weak due to the large burial depth, yet train speed still plays a decisive role-vibrations intensify at low speeds but diminish at higher speeds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:47:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2647521</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modelling matric suction effects on rigid inclusion foundations using existing unsaturated pile models</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644136</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While geotechnical engineering has made great strides in dealing with the mechanical behaviour of earth materials, including reinforcing soft grounds, established principles are now being challenged by a new reality of continuous shift in environmental variables due to global warming. In natural environment, the interface of geomaterials and substructures plays a vital role, a role that is compromised by matric suction-induced changes in the soil stress state. To enhance geo-infrastructure resilience, it is important to incorporate changing environmental conditions into the design, especially in the face of seasonal climates. For this aim, this article synthesizes and conceptually applies established unsaturated pile models to rigid inclusion (RI) foundations under varying matric suction. More specifically, it extends the modified shear displacement method to the load efficiency factor (Eff) analysis of RI systems, incorporating soil–water characteristic curves and suction-dependent stiffness. The approach is validated through previous study of a 2 × 2 RI foundation under controlled groundwater fluctuation, demonstrating how suction loss redistributes load toward the inclusions and increases Eff. The approach offers practitioners a predictive tool to enhance RI foundation resilience under seasonal moisture variations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 09:48:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2644136</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An experimental investigation on the ultimate strength of leg mating units under axial load</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2637895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Leg Mating Units (LMUs) are critical components in offshore platform installations, which serves to absorb impact energy and ensure stable load transfer during the mating process between topside modules and substructures. However, their structural performance under extreme axial loads remains a key concern for engineering reliability. This study investigates the ultimate strength and failure mechanisms of LMUs in offshore platforms under axial loading, aiming to address the challenges of high costs and implementation difficulties associated with full-scale testing. By combining nonlinear finite element simulations in ABAQUS with 1:5 scaled physical experiments, the research systematically analyzes the ultimate bearing capacity, deformation patterns, and stress distribution of LMU rubber stacks. The results indicate that the rubber stack undergoes significant compression under the maximum enforced displacement, and the compression volume of the lower rubber layer increases significantly compared with the upper layer. The stress peak of the steel structure is much lower than the yield strength of the material, which verifies the reliability of the structure design. The scaling test method established in this study provides an economical and effective technical method for evaluating the structural performance of large LMUs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:55:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2637895</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dynamic analysis of a 10 MW offshore wind turbine supported by bionic substructures under environmental loadings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2637749</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Offshore wind turbines experience complicated environmental loadings including wind, wave, and earthquake excitation, which is expected to result in potential damage and several vibrations in the support structures. For the mitigate the vibration and protect the support structures from extreme loadings, this study proposes three rib-reinforced support structures concepts, that one regular rib tower and two biomimetic rib design concepts for a monopile-based 10 MW OWT, aiming to address damage and vibration under normal and extreme conditions. The multi-physics finite element analysis framework is developed within ANSYS Mechanical by incorporating aerodynamic module of OpenFAST and AQWA to examine the aero-hydro-elastic-soil-earthquake coupled effects. It is found that the natural frequencies of support structure vary with the increase of rib thickness, implying that resistant capability against low-frequency environmental loadings is enhanced. The bio-designed notably enhance the structural performance under seismic scenarios as evidenced by the significantly reduction in maximum stress and strain energy. Specifically, the maximum stress of the support structure with biomimetic ribs is decreased by up to 52.6 %, while the reduction in maximum strain energy is 93.5 % for rated wind speed and magnitude 8.0 earthquake load case. The core mechanism is that first-order ribs influence the load distribution on tower, and second-order ribs promote uniformity by spreading the load and smoothing the stress field. SBRT is better suited to extreme seismic loading, whereas HBRT is more appropriate for normal loads. As a result, large plastic deformations due to earthquake and extreme wind-wave loadings are avoided, and the risk of structural failure is consequently reduced. The buckling analysis shows improved load multipliers, indicating greater damage resistance. Thus, these innovative bio-designs effectively dissipate energy, maintain uniform stress distributions, and extend the operational safety and service life of OWT support structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:55:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2637749</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>