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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>REPOWERING EXTENDS SMALL TRANSIT FLEET LIFE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/277782</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Presented here is how a low cost project, repowering of diesel engines, in the Blue Bird bus fleet of Greeley, Colorado has improved the small transit fleet's performance, cut maintenance and fuel costs and enabled the system to maintain one of the lowest fares in the transit industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2004 04:48:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/277782</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AUSTRALIAN CITIES TRY HI-TECH TRANSIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/276843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While the existing suburban rail networks in Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Perth are being upgraded and expanded, there is a noticeable trend in Australia towards cheaper transit solutions for new lines.  Although Adelaide is improving its remaining tramway and Melbourne is planning new light rail lines, several cities are dabbling with more exotic, less-proven technology.  Adelaide already has Australia's first O-Bahn guided busway, Sydney has chosen a monorail instead of light rail, and Queensland is considering an H-Bahn along the Gold Coast.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2004 04:46:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/276843</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FUTURE CHALLENGES IN TRANSIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/276807</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article examines one of the key mechanisms underlying the current changes in the world economy, considers the lessons for transportation experts learned in previous cycles of economic change and presents possible strategies by which urban transit can play an important role in Canada in the coming decades.  Reviewed are product life cycles which have a pattern of sales with three distinct intervals spanning a 50-year period, conclusive discoveries that rapid growth periods seem to take place during the same decades (the 50s and the 70s) regardless of the product or industry, activities which signal that a transition period is underway, governments tasks during these periods of transition, and the fact that the 1980s seem to be emphasizing multi-modalism as opposed to a single, lead mode for infrastructure investment such as had been past experience with the dominance of the steam railroad or the automobile in their respective cycles. The author thus sees future considerations for transit to consist of major innovations in product and service designs, passenger capacity, reliability, user information, integration between services (both urban and intercity), off-vehicle passenger facilities, cost reduction strategies in construction, operation and maintenance, and suitable design standards so that public transportation is physically well-fitted into the urban or suburban setting.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2004 04:46:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/276807</guid>
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      <title>IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO NON-CBD INDUSTRIAL CENTERS. STEINWAY, QUEENS; HUNTS POINT, THE BRONX; AND GREENPOINT/WILLIAMSBURG, BROOKLYN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/273885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The sharp employment decline during the 1960s and 1970s in the outlying industrial areas of New York City has slowed. However, the City's attempt to retain and attract blue-collar jobs or to encourage new industrial use are still hampered by inadequate public transit in the outlying employment areas.  The purpose of this study is to identify low-cost transportation improvements to the City's public transportation and street systems that would enhance the economic viability of industrial areas outside of the Manhattan CBD; increase accessibility, security, and transit service to the outlying employment centers and thereby make it easier for companies to recruit workers especially those without automobiles.  Thirteen major industrial areas outside the Manhattan CBD were identified and three were selected for in-depth analysis:  Steinway in Queens; Hunts Point in the Bronx; and Greenpoint/Williamsburg in Brooklyn. The data used for analysis included journey-to-work, questionnaire surveys of transportation needs and usage, crime statistics, field observations and transportation information from the New York City Transit Authority and the Department of City Planning.  Principal findings and recommendation to increase transit ridership and improve traffic conditions in the three study areas are documented in this report.  Proposals for improving transit service and accessibility included modification of transit routes; creation of shuttle service, revision of bus schedules; improvement of schedule coordination; provision of paratransit service; erection of bus shelters; modernization of subway stations; and marketing of transit services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2004 04:13:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/273885</guid>
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      <title>TRAINING AID FOR APPLYING NCHRP REPORT 263. SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING LOW-COST TSM PROJECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/271754</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation planners, traffic engineers, and transit operators will find this workbook, or Programmed Learning Text (PLT), a useful tool for understanding and applying NCHRP Report 263, "Simplified Procedures for Evaluating Low-Cost TSM Projects - User's Manual."  NCHRP Report 263, published by the Transportation Research Board in 1983, represents a comprehensive compilation of the best available technology for planning and implementing Transportation System Management (TSM) actions.  This PLT serves those desiring hands-on experience with NCHRP Report 263 as a comprehensive and an orderly tutorial that permits the user to proceed at a comfortable pace through a series of logical steps starting with the identification and definition of a problem and proceeding through an increasingly detailed process of elimination and refinement of candidate actions until a workable solution is chosen.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 22:02:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/271754</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOW COST STIRLING ENGINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/269102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Simple low cost and commercially attractive Stirlings have recently evolved to the point where they deserve industry attention.  By their design and intended use they avoid the exceptionally challenging difficulties of automotive and other demanding Stirling applications.  The design procedures needed have quite recently become generally available, and several technically successful configurations intended for roles unaccessable to IC engines have been built and domonstrated.  The time has come for the attentions of the US industry to be directed toward the promise of Stirling engines in a wide variety of simple and readily accessable nonautomotive applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:51:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/269102</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AUTOMATED LOW-COST WEATHER OBSERVATION SYSTEM (ALWOS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/177493</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the primary objectives of this program was to design a developmental model ALWOS for the lowest possible cost. Reliability and maintenance costs over the life of the system were considered in addition to the initial purchase and installation costs. To this end, field proven, off the shelf components were used wherever possible throughout the system. Another primary objective was modularity of design. The hardware and software were constructed to allow flexibility in interfacing a variety of sensors or adding additional sensors to measure new parameters. The ALWOS as configured at Dulles Airport is a low-cost and flexible system which can provide an automatic weather observation from the data acquisition, processing and display point of view, with the potential for good long-term system reliability. After a period of familiarization with the equipment and dealing with an assortment of system and sensor problems, the functioning of the system became relatively trouble-free. Evaluation of the ALWOS supports the generally accepted concept that automated, low-cost weather observation systems can indeed perform such a function given suitable sensing devices. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/177493</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF A CHARGE ALGORITHM FOR THE OPTIMIZED CHARGING OF A 120 V FLOODED LEAD-ACID LIGHTHOUSE BATTERY WITH FORCED ELECTROLYTE DESTRATIFICATION; FINAL REPT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/406215</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Proper charging was identified as the most important requirement for the reliable and economical operation of a battery that is part of the hybrid power system for remote lighthouses. Therefore a charge algorithm was developed to optimize charging of a flooded lead-acid battery with forced electrolyte destratification. This algorithm is independent of the operating temperature, the state of charge and the battery age. It controls charging according to the weakest battery module in the pack and is able in the course of several cycles to automatically equalize the performance of the modules in the battery pack without excessive overcharging. The charge algorithm prevents overheating due to bad battery connectors and quite generally responds to all causes of poor charge acceptance with a gentle treatment of the battery during charging. Keywords: Electric batteries, Lighthouses; Lead acid batteries. (rh)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/406215</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FINANCING AND SUSTAINING MOBILITY PROGRAMS IN RURAL AREAS. A MANUAL. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/275705</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The focus is on the start-up and operation of low-cost transportation in rural areas.  A principal focus is the use of volunteers, and/or the consolidation of rides through a brokerage program.  Chapter One provides an overview of what financial and operating decisions must be made in designing a volunteer system.  Chapter Two describes easy methods for determining need for service.  Chapter Three discusses the service levels to be offered by the program selected. Chapter Four discusses the choices about organization as to management, volunteers, their recruitment and/or screening as well as financial aspects with respect to these elements. The fifth chapter discusses budgeting for day-to-day operations.  Chapter Six examines the sources of volunteers and financial support to sustain low-cost systems.  The final chapter, Chapter Seven, reviews the five most frequently asked questions about financing and sustaining volunteer systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/275705</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN STUDY REPORT FOR GENERAL AVIATION LORAN-C RECEIVER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/171394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document summarizes the results of studies and trade-off analysis conducted for a low cost Loran-C Receiver. The Loran-C Receiver is intended to meet the Minimum Operational Performance Standards for area Navigation (RNAV) equipment for General Aviation Aircraft operating in the National Aerospace System. The studies and analysis examined the required receiver performance, design approaches and design criteria, and cost to the user of the receiver. The study concludes that a low cost receiver meeting the General Aviation RNAV requirements is practical. A design approach for the receiver is described. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/171394</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TEST AND EVALUATION OF TEXAS INSTRUMENTS SMALL COMMUNITY MICROWAVE LANDING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162226</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this program was to test the Texas Instruments (TI) model of time reference scanning beam (TRSB) known as the 'Small Community Airport Microwave Landing System' (SCAMLS) for conformance with the contractual proportional coverage and accuracy specifications. The TI SCAMLS is a prototype system intended to provide approach and landing guidance in a low-cost package to relatively low-density, short-runway feeder and general aviation airports. Flight and static tests determined the azimuth and elevation angular errors of the system. Results indicate that the guidance signals from the TI SCAMLS were within contractual specifications. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162226</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LORAN-BASED BUOY POSITION AUDITING SYSTEMS. ANALYTICAL EVALUATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162198</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An analytic evaluation and comparison of the following candidate Buoy Position Auditing System (BPAS) configurations is presented in this report: transmission of digital Time Difference (TD) data from a Loran-C receiver on the buoy, retransmission of Loran-C pulses from the buoy, and combination of helicopter Loran-C data and helicopter-to-buoy microwave ranging data in a variable geometry solution. The candidate BPAS configurations utilize Loran-C in the differential mode. A model is developed to characterize differential Loran-C errors, accounting for the expected effect of the land/sea water conductivity interface. The error model is utilized alone, or with a microwave ranging system error model, to estimate buoy position-fix accuracy afforded by each BPAS configuration. Accuracy estimates and data on cost, complexity, and technical risk are employed to recommend a BPAS configuration for testing. It is concluded that Loran-C pulse retransmission is not a viable BPAS configuration. The variable geometry BPAS configuration is highly accurate, due to calibration of Loran-C errors by processing of redundant data, but is not presently cost-effective. The digital TD transmission BPAS configuration is recommended for testing, due to its simplicity and low cost.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162198</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A GUIDE FOR ASSESSING LOWER-COST HOUSING TARGET CHARACTERISTICS IN A GIVEN LOCALITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/89906</link>
      <description><![CDATA[REPORTED HERE IS A STUDY CONDUCTED AS AN EXPLORATORY EFFORT AIMED AT DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR DESCRIBING A LOCAL POPULATION IN LOWER-COST HOUSING AND THE OCCUPANTS' PERCEPTION OF THEIR CURRENT HOUSING. THE REPORT PRESENTS A METHOD OF DESCRIBING A SPECIFIC COMMUNITY'S HOUSING PROGRAM TARGET IN TERMS OF TWO DIMENSIONS, NAMELY, THE NUMBER AND LOCATION OF LOW-COST HOUSING; AND DESCRIPTION OF SATISFACTION OR DISSATISFACTION LEVELS OF THE OCCUPANTS. THE FIRST OF THESE DIMENSIONS DESCRIBES THE COMMUNITY'S OBJECTIVELY DEWFINED HOUSING PROBLEM, WHILE THE SECOND INDICATES VIABLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM. THE STUDY SUGGESTS A GUIDE FOR MAKING DECISIONS CONCERNING AVAILABLE HOUSING PROGRAMS WHICH WILL BEST ENABLE A COMMUNITY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF LOCAL RESIDENTS. A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS REGARDING MAINTENANCE WERE INCLUDED IN INTERVIEWS AND COVERED SUCH ASPECTS AS COSTS IN TIME AND MONEY, AND BUILDING DESIGN AS RELATED TO EXTERIOR-INTERIOR MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION. CENSUS BLOCK STATISTICS AND INTERVIEW SCHEDULES WERE USED IN THE INVESTIGATION. THE RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF THIS METHOD ARE REPORTED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES. THE DISCUSSION OF THE INVESTIGATION AND THE TABLES WHICH ARE PRESENTED ILLUSTRATE THE KIND OF DATA WHICH CAN BE GENERATED FROM THE SURVEY FORMAT. THE STUDY INDICATES POSSIBLE AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/89906</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPECIALTY CONTRACTING: HIGHWAY GROOVERS AND GRINDERS. SPECIALTY MARKET IN A GROOVE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/359495</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There is an emerging consensus that bridge and runway grooving enhances safety and that highway grinding can be accomplished at less than half the cost of an asphalt overlay. Specialized subcontractors use state-of-the-art machines with rotating diamond-tipped saw blades to cut drainage and traction grooves in bridge decks and airport runways and to smooth out rough-riding concrete highways. Several states such as New York and Maryland have mandated the grooving of new and reconstructed bridges, and more than half the states have used or plan to use highway grinding to correct rough riding conditions on old pavement or newly poured surfaces.  The details of a grooving job are briefly described.  It is noted that grooving and grinding have evolved into very cost-effective methods of restoring skid resistance and acceptable profile to a pavement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Sep 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/359495</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INSPECTION WALKWAYS. MAKING A HAZARDOUS JOB SAFER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/308206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department has developed a safe, low-cost method of inspecting its highway bridges.  Fatigue problems in the non-redundant bridges on the I-40 Rio Grande bridges have alerted officials to the need for ongoing inspections of its members.  A common mode of failure of Rio Grande's bridges is girder web cracking, initiating near the splice plates or lateral bracing connections.  NMSHTD designed plans for a bridge inspection walkway system that was to be installed below the bridge deck adjacent to each of the main girders. The final design of the walkways was based on load criteria provided by Bridge Design Section, AASHTO Design Specifications, and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration).  Details of the walkways are described. Inspections are now conducted in one-and-a-half days instead of one to two weeks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 May 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/308206</guid>
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