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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Chinese LNG import prospects brighten</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1735219</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2020 18:41:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1735219</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>New trade route opens for nat gas in Panama</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1422043</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Sep 2016 10:24:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1422043</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>GAS SHIPPING ON THE BOIL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/400865</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Through most of the decade of the 1980s, overtonnaging severly depressed the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) shipping sector and the liquefied natural gas (LNG) trades were beset by divisive arguments and suspended projects. This article describes brightening prospects for these sectors as the decade draws to a close. It treats LNG and LPG separately, discussing trade developments, market potential and newbuilding activity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/400865</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>GAS SHIPPING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/402383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are five main articles in this feature on gas shipping. "Australian Gas Off the Shelf" tells how the new North West Shelf LNG Project is finally operational, giving Japan another valuable source of gas and Australia a crucial revenue earner. "LNG Comes Off Back Burner" discusses how the LNG market is expanding and why its eventual nature is unpredictable despite the international oil trade's being static and following a well-established pattern. "Gas Carriers on Order" presents a listing of gas carriers on order worldwide, by builder, and showing, for each vessel, hull number, shipowner, capacity, type, temperature, pressure and delivery date. "A New Lease of Life" discusses the scrutiny being given the future viability of two small gas carriers that are 17 and 18 years old, respectively, in an environment where the extension of ship life has assumed considerable importance. "LGI Floats a  Concept" describes Floatstor, a new floating liquefied gas storage system designed by LGI, a German engineering company, and providing space for 10,000 cu m of liquefied gases. The feature concludes with liquefied gas news briefs and with details on a seminar concerning the prevention of accidental fires at LPG storage facilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/402383</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>LNG, 8</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/388901</link>
      <description><![CDATA[These proceedings contain 45 papers from four sessions (1) LNG trade, worldwide energy supplies, and the financing of LNG plants; (2) onshore and offshore liquefaction processes for natural gas; (3) receiving terminals and LNG storage; and (4) LNG transportation, handling and supply. It also contains 20 shorter poster session papers on LNG topics.  For selected individual papers, see AN 1343- A1 through AN 1343-A9]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/388901</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE CHANGING PATTERNS OF GAS SEABORNE TRADES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391751</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ not available]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391751</guid>
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      <title>STEPPING ON THE GAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397669</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The expectations held in the early 1970s for the LNG trades were never fulfilled. Nevertheless, after several uneventful years, the late 1980s have seen new activity. Developments in the trades are reviewed, covering those from Algeria to Greece, Turkey, the United States and Portugal, and various trades in the Far East.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397669</guid>
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      <title>WORLD LNG TRADE AT A CROSSROADS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/407144</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The various factors that could favor or constrain growth prospects for the international liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade are considered.  Discussion then focuses on the three principal markets for LNG: the United States, West Europe and Japan. For each, possible demand for LNG under High Case and Low Case assumptions is forecast, and possible new supply sources that may be developed to help service these markets are indicated. While the LNG industry may be at a crossroads, it is maintained that there are more factors working in its favor today than are working against it. If opportunities are grasped quickly, it is not unreasonable to expect that international LNG trade could double, or even possibly treble itself, volumetrically, over the next 20 years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/407144</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LIQUEFIED GAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/392306</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The first part of this report concerns LNG and the second part concerns LPG. Each part is divided into four sections. The first of these deals with the structure of the industry and with details of production and consumption. The second deals with patterns of trade and in the case of LNG, highlights the fact that more than three- quarters moves by pipeline.  The third section concerns sea transport, detailing such aspects as the size and structure of the fleet, inactivity, sales for demolition, and new orders. The final section in both parts is titled "Projects, Developments and Trends" and includes forecasts for trade and ship employment through 1990.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/392306</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE CHALLENGE OF LNG IN THE 1980S</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167211</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Presents technical highlights of the LNG-6 Conference held in Kyoto, Japan, April 1980.  The author reviews the probable rate of development of international trade in LNG; a new base-load liquefier cycle using plate heat exchangers together with the problem of mercury corrosion; tanker design--particularly from the point of view of safety; offshore developments; the latest proposals for using the cold from evaporating LNG; plus safety issues, such as the possible hazards from vapor cloud explosions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167211</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LNG SHIPPING IN THE EIGHTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two trends discernable today suggest that LNG could be one of the most dynamic sectors of the shipping market during the 1980s.  Firstly, the availability of crude oil is becoming increasingly limited and oil importers appear likely to turn to other marginal sources of primary energy, with supply availability being a more important consideration than cost.  Secondly, oil exporting countries are becoming increasingly reluctant to flare associated gas, implying that LNG availability could increase substantially. These factors could generate boom conditions for LNG shipping, but proponents of LNG have been predicting a dramatic upsurge in trade for some time past.  This upsurge has not yet materialised.  Rather than accepting that the boom is now upon us, it is necessary to compare and contrast the possible future demand for and the supply of LNG ships.  Study 82 will estimate the likely future demand for LNG carriers by means of a project-by-project, route-by-route analysis of planned and potential LNG projects.  The level of shipping demand likely to be generated by the indicated trades will then be contrasted to the existing and scheduled supply of LNG carriers to highlight possible market imbalances and to identify the date of market equilibrium under various demand assumptions. As well as serving as a reference document, this report will provide an independent assessment of the growth prospects for LNG shipping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165485</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MARKETING LNG VESSELS TO U.S. IMPORT PROJECTS--THE SHIPBUILDER'S EXPERIENCES AND RISKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A complex matrix of interdependent economic, political, and regulatory factors directly or indirectly affect the ability of the builder of LNG ships to market successfully to U.S. import projects.  Experience during the 1970's has seen the U.S. market for LNG vessels progress from optimism to uncertainty, influenced strongly by international events and by U.S. energy policy.  The risk of project cancellation or disapproval has sharply increased, while prolonged delays in the federal regulatory approval process have seriously hindered the shipbuilder's ability to develop orderly plans for LNG vessel construction in relation to other likely business opportunities.  An analysis of the shipbuilder's experience with representative U.S. import projects identifies the variety of risks associated with each stage of project development, and defines the factors which control the award of financeable construction contracts.  U.S. energy policy and the federal regulatory approval processes have emerged as major risk factors which have contributed to the unpredictability of the shipbuilder's market during the late 1970's, and which are likely to exert a similar influence into the 1980's.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165518</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WORLD TRANSPORT OF ENERGY TO 1985</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163166</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a detailed analysis and forecast of energy transport services, the supply of transport capacity, freight market and reconciliation of supply and demand, policy options and their consequences.  Contents: Oil in International Trade; Coal in International Trade; Natural Gas in International Trade; Liquefied Petroleum Gas in International Trade; The Costs of Transporting Energy; Seaborne Energy Transport Prospects to 1985.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163166</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSPORTING LNG FROM INDONESIA TO JAPAN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160446</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To satisfy the transportation requirements of the new trade, Burmah contracted to charter seven 125,000 cu m LNG carriers to be constructed at the Quincy Shipyard of General Dynamics Corporation, the first purpose-built LNG ships to be built at a U.S. shipyard.  The ships incorporate the Moss Rosenberg self-supporting spherical tank LNG containment system.  Although the comparative newcomer among the four major LNG tank types, the Moss Rosenberg design incorporates a number of features which has made it the choice of containment systems in one-half of the LNG carriers ordered in recent years.  The simple geometrical shape of the tanks make them not only particularly wellsuited to series production but also enables extensive stress analysis of the tank and related hull structure, allowing a unique degree of safety to be designed into the system.  Now, more than with any othe LNG project, the Indonesia/Japan scheme is permitting the buildup of valuable operational experience with the Moss Rosenberg tanks.  The containment systems on all ships in service have peformed admirably to date.  As with any new technology, operational difficulties with some of the equipment are to be expected.  The Burmah project has been no exception. This paper, after reviewing project background and ship construction, goes on to examine the operational problems encountered and remedial steps taken during the first 18 months since start-up.  Finally, the importance of an effective crew training program for safe and efficient gas carrier operation is outlined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160446</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FINANCING LNG PROJECTS IN A CHANGING ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160455</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since 1970, the economies of the world have experienced slow growth, rising inflation, foreign exchange volatility, and capital market constraints, such as short maturities, volatile floating interest rates, and periods of capital scarcity.  Despite the unfavorable economic environment, baseload LNG operations have grown rapidly during this same period.  The technical viability of LNG production and shipping is well established.  While at one time the major issues in the development of an LNG project were primarily technical, now they are more likely to involve issues of commercial viability.  Recent trends indicate that the future economic environment may continue to be unfavorable to the development of capital intensive projects. Structuring an LNG project will require greater planning and attention to the financing and economic environment. This will entail evaluation of proven ways and emerging possibilities for dealing with economic uncertainty. However, with an awareness of this environment and its implications for financing, projects can be structured to meet energy needs of the 1980's.  The technical development and commercial advantages of LNG point to continued growth.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160455</guid>
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