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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATION OF LABORATORY AGING PROCEDURES FOR ASPHALT-AGGREGATE MIXTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/365868</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A Strategic Highway Research Program project--entitled Performance-Related Testing and Measuring of Asphalt-Aggregate Interactions and Mixtures--includes development of procedures to age mixtures in the laboratory. Two major effects dominate aging of asphalt-aggregated mixtures:  (a) loss of volatile components and oxidation in the construction phase (short-term aging) and (b) progressive oxidation of the in-place mixture in the field (long-term aging).  Other factors may contribute to aging. In particular, molecular structuring may occur over a long period of time, resulting in steric hardening.  Actinic light, primarily in the ultraviolet range, also has an effect, particularly in desert-like climates.  Aging may result in hardening (stiffening) of the mixture, which alters the performance of the mixture.  This may be beneficial, because a stiffer mixture will have improved load-distribution properties and will be more resistant to permanent deformation.  However, aging may also result in embrittlement (increased tendency to crack and ravel) and loss of durability in terms of wear resistance and moisture susceptibility.  Preliminary tests to evaluate aging methods for asphalt-aggregate mixtures have been conducted. Short-term methods include oven aging and extended mixing; long-term methods include oven aging and oxygen enrichment. The effects of temperature level and duration of aging are noted.  Test specimens were fabricated from two asphalts and two aggregates, representing extreme property levels.  The four mixture combinations were prepared at two levels of permeability representing good and moderate compaction conditions.  The effects of aging were determined using the diametral resilient modulus test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 May 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/365868</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>OXYGENATES IN MOTOR FUEL FORMULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/362504</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This volume, the second of two up-date volumes on motor fuel, focuses mainly upon the two oxygenates other than methanol that currently are most significant -- i.e., ethanol and methyl-tertiary-butylether, or MTBE. Papers in the volume are grouped in sections that are intended to provide ready reference to the subject matter of interest. The six sections of the volume are: Overview of Oxygen in Fuel Formulation; Fuel Properties--Physical and Combustion Characteristics; Materials and Lubricants Compatibility with Oxygenated Fuels; Emissions; Driveability; and Overview--Oxygenates Used in Diesel Engines. Includes 32 research papers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/362504</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LET'S CLEAR THE AIR: PAPERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/351104</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Papers presented at a seminar on the environmental effects of automobile fuel.  Coverage included renewable fuels and how they contribute to clean air, research for future fuels, the Colorado oxygenated fuels program, the effects on the environment of the fuels now being used, and the Canadian experience with renewable fuels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/351104</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIR POLLUTION: AIR QUALITY IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/344063</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The General Accounting Office (GAO) studied the impact of alternative motor vehicle fuels on improving air quality. These fuels include methanol, ethanol, liquified petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, oxygenated fuels, and reformulated gasoline.  Findings, in brief, were as follows: It is generally recognized that most alternative fuels will reduce such air pollutants as ozone, carbon monoxide, and air toxics, but there is disagreement over the extent of the reductions, as well as concerns that some alternative fuels may increase the levels of other pollutants.  Although research has been done on the air quality implications of alternative fuels, the results reported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the petroleum and automobile industries vary.  For example, EPA estimates that alternative fuels are capable of reducing ozone-forming hydrocarbons by approximately 80% or more compared to conventional gasoline burned in vehicles meeting the more stringent emission standards proposed by the agency.  While industry groups also believe that hydrocarbons can be reduced by using alternative fuels, they are less optimistic about the extent of these reductions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/344063</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOW-ALTITUDE AND LOW-TEMPERATURE EXHAUST EMISSIONS TESTS OF FOUR VEHICLES ON OXYGENATED GASOLINE BLENDS AND GASOLINE FUELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/305451</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Coordination Research Council (CRC) initiated a project to study the effect of altitude and the use of oxygenated gasoline blends on motor vehicle exhaust emissions at 75 F and low temperature.  The EPA MVEL provided four open-loop carbureted motor vehicles to be tested at low-altitude.  The report describes the tests performed on the four motor vehicles.  Test results, vehicle specifications, fuel specifications and emission results are included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/305451</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>1983 CRC TWO-TEMPERATURE VAPOR LOCK PROGRAM USING GASOLINE-ALCOHOL BLENDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/306391</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effect of oxygenated fuels on vapor lock performance was evaluated in a program conducted during the fall of 1983 at the Yuma Proving Grounds in Arizona.  Eighteen 1984 model-year cars, representing a reasonable model mix, were tested using two hydrocarbon base fuels and nine hydrocarbon base fuels mixed with methanol and methanol/tertiary butyl alcohol mixtures at 1/1 and 4/1 ratios (respectively) at a concentration 3.5% by weight of oxygen.  Tests were conducted at nominal ambient temperaures of 95% (35 deg C) and 70 deg.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/306391</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENT OF REARATION IN STREAMS: COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/301934</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A simple and reliable method  based on the dissolution of solids floating on the water surface is described.  The theoretical basis of the method is described, and laboratory results are presented.  Studies were performed to identify common parameters controling both atmoshperic rearation and dissolution processes.  Theoretical studies and 48 experimental observations of the various hydraulilc conditions demonstrated that the oxygen absorption and benzoic acid dissolution appear to be ruled by the same diffusion processes and also that a reasonable correlation exists between both K sub 2 and K sub L coefficients and V sub L.  These and other results of the studies are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Nov 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/301934</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OXYGENATES IN EXHAUST GASES SUBJECTED TO CATALYTIC OR THERMAL CONVERSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42508</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42508</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OXYGENATES IN AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST GAS. ESTIMATION OF LEVELS OF CARBONYLS AND NONCARBONYLS IN EXHAUST FROM GASOLINE FUELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/135586</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Bureau of Mines has developed analytical methods, primarily gas chromatographic, for measurement of exhaust oxygenates produced from selected simple fuels.  The resulting data were used to estimate levels of carbonyls and noncarbonyl oxygenates in exhaust from gasoline fuels. Estimated noncarbonyl oxygenates in gasoline exhaust may comprise as much as 30 percent of total oxygenates which include unsaturated carbohyls and noncarbonyls believed to be significant potential pollutants.  /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/135586</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BITUMIN DURABILITY - MEASUREMENT BY OXYGEN ABSORPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/97401</link>
      <description><![CDATA[INVESTIGATIONS WERE PERFORMED IN AN EFFORT TO ASSURE THE OXIDIZABILITY OF BITUMENS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN; TO STUDY THE OXIDIZABILITY OF THEIR DIFFERENT CONSTITUENTS AND TO GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF AND CONTROL OVER THE OXIDATION PROCESS. THE RATE OF OXIDATION OF BITUMENS IN THE LIGHT AND IN THE DARK WAS MEASURED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE WITH STIRRED SOLUTIONS IN AN INDIFFERENT SOLVENT TO AVOID DIFFUSION EFFECTS. THE RATE OF OXIDATION WAS INCREASED BY LIGHT AND BY TRACE METALS. ALL CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION FRACTIONS PREPARED FROM BITUMENS, OXIDIZED IN THE LIGHT BUT ASPHALTENES AND RESINS OXIDIZED IN THE DARK. THE CONCENTRATION OF REACTIVE COMPONENTS IN DARK COLORED BITUMENS IS HIGHER THAN IN LIGHT COLORED ONES. THE DARK COLOR, HOWEVER, PROTECTS AGAINST EXCESSIVE OXIDATION IN THE LIGHT. FEW OF THE KNOWN OXIDATION INHIBITORS AFFECTED BITUMEN OXIDATION. ACTIVATORS ACCELERATED OXIDATION IN THE LIGHT BUT HAD LITTLE EFFECT IN THE DARK. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WERE COMPARED WITH THOSE OBTAINED FROM WEATHER-O-METER EXPERIMENTS. FURTHER STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVES WITH BITUMENS IN SOLUTION IS INDICATED AS DESIRABLE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 05 Aug 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/97401</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF STEEL PILING IN SEAWATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108582</link>
      <description><![CDATA[MUCH OF THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE INVOLVING CORROSION OF STEEL PILING IN SEAWATER AND METHODS OF CORROSION PREVENTION IS ASSEMBLED AND IS BASED ON A SURVEY OF LITERATURE. CAUSES OF CORROSION AND THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS GALVANIC COUPLINGS, MARINE FOULING, ABRASION, OXYGEN CONCENTRATION, AND OTHER FACTORS ARE PRESENTED. CORROSION RATES OF BARE STEEL PILES AND TEST RESULTS ON PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR STEEL ARE INCLUDED. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE USE OF CATHODIC PROTECTION AND CONCRETE JACKETS TO PROTECT STEEL PILES ARE EXPLAINED. THE CORROSION RATES OF PLAIN CARBON AND LOW-ALLOY STEELS ARE COMPARED. REFERENCES SURVEYED SHOW THAT FLAME-SPRAYED ZINC SEALED WITH SARAN OR VINYL IS POSSIBLY THE BEST COATING SYSTEM TESTED. CONCRETE JACKETS OF PROPER DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ARE REPORTED TO BE VERY EFFECTIVE. CATHODIC PROTECTION ALSO PROVIDES GOOD CORROSION PROTECTION. COMBINATIONS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION WITH COATINGS OR CONCRETE JACKETS MAY BE ADVANTAGEOUS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/108582</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FORMULATION OF EXEMPT REPLACEMENTS FOR AROMATIC SOLVENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110172</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AIR POLLUTION LEGISLATION IN CALIFORNIA, IN EFFECT, REQUIRES THAT AROMATIC SOLVENTS BE REPLACED WITH EXEMPT MATERIALS. OXYGENATED SOLVENTS IN COMBINATION WITH LOW-AROMATIC HYDROCARBON THINNERS ARE BEING USED TO REPLACE THE RESTRICTED AROMATICS. SOLVENCY AND EVAPORATION RATE ARE THE TWO KEY PERFORMANCE FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED IN DEVELOPING REPLACEMENT SOLVENTS. COST, ODOR, AND TOXICITY ARE ALSO IMPORTANT. THE USE & RELATIONSHIP OF VARIOUS TOOLS AVAILABLE FOR DEVELOPING SUITABLE AROMATIC REPLACEMENTS ARE DESCRIBED FOR THE GUIDANCE OF THE FORMULATOR. DATA ARE GIVEN FOR ILLUSTRATION. A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO REFORMULATION IS OUTLINED. /JPT/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110172</guid>
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