<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Failure analysis of a sleeper anchor model used in railroads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1529996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The sleeper anchors are important elements in railroads. They are introduced into the ballast, and, as the name suggests, they have an anchor function, increasing the railway stiffness. Many rail companies have used a double fixing sleeper anchor model for many years. However, with the increasing of the transported load in the last decades, this model has failed in service, allowing the undesired ballast movement and creating a dangerous situation, with imminent risk of accidents. In this context, this work presents a complete failure analysis of this sleeper anchor model. Chemical, macro and microstructural analyses were done, and mechanical tests were performed. An alternative European model was also characterized, aiming to compare their metallurgical characteristics. The obtained results showed that the recurrent failures are associated to an overload applied to the studied device. This overload promotes an undesirable plastic strain and the anchor is removed from the ballast. It was possible to conclude that the mechanical properties of this double fixation anchor do not meet the specifications for the actual load demand in railways. The European model presented best characteristics for this application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Aug 2018 22:26:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1529996</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reduction of capacity and projected costs associated with seat belt installation on school buses</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1327020</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the potential effects the installation of seat belts on school buses would have on the fleet capacity in Alabama and the resulting cost implications. The study also documents the myriad research studies and professional opinions offered on the potential safety effects of equipping school buses with safety restraints/seat belts. Four seat configurations for the school buses were analyzed. The first configuration represents the most common current bus seating configuration without seat belts, 3 seats on each side of the aisle and 12 rows (3/3-12). The physical space required for seat belt hardware may result in a loss of a row of seats and may reduce the number of students seated per row. Thus, three more configurations were studied: loss of a row of seats (3/3-11), loss of one seat per row (3/2-12), and loss of both a row of seats and a seat per row (3/2-11). The capacity for each configuration for each bus using current pupil loads was determined. The costs associated with installation of seat belts, and purchase and operation of new buses were obtained. Should school bus seat belts become mandatory in Alabama, the results obtained in this study can be used by any school system to determine the optimum configuration for their pupils, which will identify the number of additional buses that must be purchased by the school system. This study found that many of the buses that would become overloaded due to seat belt installation and the resultant loss of seating will be carrying only a few excess pupils. Transportation supervisors may be able to handle such overloads by transferring these pupils to other buses or by adjusting their bus routes to minimize purchase of new buses. Additional suggestions for handling bus overloads were offered in the body of this report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2014 11:23:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1327020</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Grey Markov Model Railway Overload Predictions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1326617</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aiming at the characteristics of overload prediction of a small amount of data, a large amount of random, complex factors using grey prediction and Markov prediction in combination forecasting method is proposed, the grey Markov prediction of an overload. The method uses the grey prediction model establishment of overloading of historical information and, according to the results of the overloading, is divided into a number of states according to a Markov model established to predict the status transfer model. Prediction accuracy can be assisted as a result of the detection analysis method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Oct 2014 12:01:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1326617</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimentation of a Bridge WIM System in France and Applications to Bridge Monitoring and Overload Screening</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1265588</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For 15 years, bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) systems have been studied in France, including through experiments conducted by the LCPC (now IFSTTAR) on steel orthotropic bridges within the WAVE European project. In this paper, the authors summarize experiments carried out from 1997 to 2010 and the applications of the collected data to bridge monitoring and overload screening. In addition, they analyze the influence of the bridge type and the weighting system's algorithm. The importance of sensor location in obtaining accurate results is highlighted, as are the challenges for bridge monitoring and maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2013 10:07:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1265588</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Three Dimensional Sector Design with Optimal Number of Sectors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1094845</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the national airspace system, sectors get overloaded due to high traffic demand and inefficient airspace designs. Overloads can be eliminated in some cases by redesigning sector boundaries. This paper extends the Voronoi-based sector design method by automatically selecting the number of sectors, allowing three-dimensional partitions, and enforcing traffic pattern conformance. The method was used to design sectors at Fort-Worth and Indianapolis centers for current traffic scenarios. Results show that new designs can eliminate overloaded sectors, although not in all cases, reduce the number of necessary sectors, and conform to major traffic patterns. Overall, the new methodology produces enhanced and efficient sector designs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2011 14:13:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1094845</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Innovative Bridge Weigh-in-Motion System for Bridge Maintenance: A Case Study with Bridge on Highway I-59</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/873784</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the primary causes of bridge failure is overloaded commercial vehicles. In order to prevent deterioration of a bridge it becomes important not only to design and build bridges according to the regulations but also enforce commercial vehicle maximum weight standards. For these reasons, a bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) system should be a key asset in maintaining the balance sought. The B-WIM device placed on the soffit of a bridge includes strain transducers and, usually, separate axle detectors placed on the deck, to determine axle loadings, axle spacing, speed, and gross vehicle weight as a truck moves across the bridge. B-WIM devices have become an important means to better enforcement and better bridge design in many international countries. The objective of this paper is to gather as much information as possible about existing and emerging B-WIM systems in order to determine its potential for implementation in the United States. The information sought includes the benefits of using B-WIM, the steps involved in implementing its technology in the United States, and how to evolve the current systems. The paper summarizes an assessment study that was carried out on an Interstate 59 (I-59) bridge structure in Alabama with a B-WIM (Bridge Weigh-In-Motion) system called SiWIM, developed in Slovenia by ZAG and CESTEL. The main objective of this study was to assess the performances of the system based on the preliminary data, and to acquire experience on its implementation, in order to elaborate technical rules for the choice of bridge types suitable for B-WIM, and how to design their instrumentation. The accuracy classes of the system with respect to the specifications are assessed. The data were analyzed with regard to overloading on axles (single axle or axle group) or gross weight overloading and to calculate what proportion of the loaded vehicles was overloaded, either on axles or relative to the vehicle’s gross weight. The effect on the road structure was also analyzed, because dimensioning for the road structure is based on knowledge of the traffic or on an ability to assess the volume of traffic accurately. Moreover, the damaging impact of an overloaded vehicle may vary, in that the number of standard axle loads per vehicle factor and the incidence of overloading are not covariants. Therefore, measurements were carried out to gain a picture of the make-up of the heavy traffic in terms of loads and the incidence of overloading. By gaining a picture of the make-up of the heavy traffic in terms of loads and the incidence of overloading it is possible to establish a foundation in fact for (a) appropriate actions to achieve better compliance with regulations, (b) planning of road maintenance, and (c) dimensioning the road structure in road building and road maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 10:46:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/873784</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study From Truck Overload and Oversize to Excessive Market Entry and Administration Guideline for Transportation Industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/868707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper demonstrates that the essential cause of overloaded and oversized transportation caused by commercial vehicles is attributable to excessive entry into the freight and transport markets, which will require proper administrative guidelines for the transportation industry. Considering the development stage of the road transportation industry in China, adequate economic regulation should be the administration guideline for the foreseeable future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Aug 2008 08:50:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/868707</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Superload Evaluation of the Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/868446</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The passage of overloads that require special permitting is a common occurrence. Prior to the passage of such an overload, a simplified computer analysis is generally conducted to predict the expected behavior of the bridge. This paper addresses the field evaluation of 3 superloads that crossed the Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge in Louisiana. Emphasis is placed on comparisons between the expected and actual behavior due to rotational restraint, live load distribution, the stiffening effect of bridge rails, and other factors. Finite-element modeling was conducted and the approach taken along with the results obtained are described. One important conclusion was that the longitudinal configuration of the axle loads supplied by the hauler was configured differently than indicated on the permit. While the gross load was accurate, the distribution between sets of axles varied considerably from those assumed in the permitting process. To minimize the potential for damage to bridges it is therefore recommended that axle loads be weighed prior to the passage of such overloads.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2008 09:09:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/868446</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bridges of the AASHO Road Test: A Unique and Historic Research Endeavor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/771963</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The final plan for the landmark AASHO Road Test--approaching its 50th anniversary--included 16 short-span test bridges, representing in simplified form the types commonly built on the U.S. highway system, to serve as case studies of the effect of repeated overstress.  In this article, three key participants in the AASHO Road Test bridge program review the scope of the bridge studies, the methods and approaches, the findings and directions, and the lasting results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jan 2006 13:48:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/771963</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXTREME CONDITIONS IMPACT ON RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS: EFFECT OF AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/274371</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automatic Train Control (ATC) has gained wide acceptance and is presently used in all aspects of rapid rail operations. Because ATC has limited range of detection, conditions outside those limits might present hazards to transit system operation.  With a trend toward less human involvement in the actual operation of rapid rail vehicles, questions have been raised about train safety under ATC failures especially under extreme environmental conditions.  This report examines the impact of extreme environmental conditions and (ATC) failures on rapid rail system safety and makes recommendations to lessen their impact.  The environmental conditions covered in the report are:  high winds, floods, heavy ice and snow and sub-freezing temperatures as well as lightning.  In addition, fires and emergency egress procedures were analyzed in this investigation and recommendations were developed to lessen the consequences of fires and to expedite passenger evacuation procedures. Overloading, a situation frequently faced by rapid rail transit properties, was also examined to determine its impact on train safety and operation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2004 04:21:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/274371</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRATEGIC PLANNING BY OECD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/270262</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As examples of strategic planning this presentation summarizes three studies recently undertaken by OECD: (1) impacts of heavy freight vehicles; (2) technico-economic analysis of the role of road freight transportation; and (3) freight vehicle overloading and load measurement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:58:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/270262</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TIME DEPENDENT STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY WITH REFERENCE TO LOW- CYCLE FATIGUE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/218237</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The variation of structural reliability with time is developed for a simple portal frame structure in the context of low-cycle fatigue under high level but short duration overloading occurring at random intervals during the design life of the structure.  Inelastic fracture mechanics theory is employed for the analysis of low-cycle fatigue, and Monte Carlo simulation used for the reliability analysis. Some indicative results are given, limitations inherent in the present analysis are noted.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2004 02:44:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/218237</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A RATIONAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING SAFE FOUNDATION PRESSURES AND EMBANKMENT STABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122510</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SAFE FOUNDATION PRESSURES, THE STABILITY OF SLOPING EMBANKMENTS, THE VALUE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUTS AND THE EFFECT OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE SUBBASE IN REDUCING FOUNDATION PRESSURES AND PREVENTING UPHEAVAL HAS BEEN DESCRIBED. THE METHODS USED FOR DETERMINING THIS PROCEDURE ARE RATIONAL AND PRACTICAL. IT HAS PROVEN ITS VALUE IN COMPARING TEST BORING DATA OBTAINED IN ONE LOCATION WITH TEST BORING DATA OBTAINED IN OTHER LOCATIONS, AND THUS ENABLED THE EXERCISE OF JUDGMENT WITH A CERTAIN DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE. BECAUSE OF THE SIMPLICITY OF THE PROCEDURE, LITTLE EXPERIENCE IS NECESSARY FOR PERFORMING THE CALCULATIONS. WHERE THE COMPUTED OVERLOAD RATIOS FALL BELOW THE ALLOWABLE, THE DESIGNER MAY BE ALLOWED TO PROCEED ON HIS OWN. WHERE THE OVERLOAD RATIOS EXCEED THE ALLOWABLE, THE CHIEF DESIGNER MAY THEN EXERCISE HIS JUDGMENT IN SELECTING THE METHOD BEST SUITED TO INSURE A SAFE DESIGN. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:43:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122510</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE ON PILE FOUNDATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122241</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A ROAD EMBANKMENT OF 1 KM. CONSISTING OF A 4-M-HIGH SAND FILL, HAD TO BE CONSTRUCTED ALONG EXISTING BUILDINGS FOUNDED ON PRECASE REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES. THE OVERLOAD ON THE SATURATED PEAT AND CLAY LAYERS REACHING TO 12 M DEPTH CAUSED LATERAL DEFORMATIONS OF THE SUBSOIL RESULTING IN A CONSIDERABLE LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE ON THE PILES. VERTICAL SAND DRAINS AND RELIEVING PLATFORMS WERE USED TO PREVENT OVERLOADING OF THE FOUNDATION PILES. WHILE WORK WAS IN PROGRESS THE EFFECTIVE BENDING MOMENTS WERE MEASURED WITH STEEL TEST PILES EQUIPPED WITH ELECTRICAL STRAIN GAUGES. THE SUBSOIL DISPLACEMENTS AND THE HORIZONTAL REACTION AT THE TOP OF THE TEST PILES WERE RECORDED. A WAY OF ROUGHLY ESTIMATING THE BENDING MOMENTS OCCURRING IN THE PILES BY MEASURING THE HORIZONTAL REACTION FORCES IS SUGGESTED. THE OBSERVATIONS ON THE TEST PILES WILL BE CONTINUED. /LCPC/RRL/A/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:42:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122241</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAPACITIES OF NARROW STREETS WITH MANUAL CONTROL AND SIGNAL CONTROL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/120725</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE CAPACITIES OF NARROW STREETS AT FORT BELVOIR, VIRGINIA, ARE REPORTED AS DETERMINED BY FIELD SURVEY OF CAPACITIES AT INTERSECTIONS. IN ADDITION TO THE OVERLOADS WHICH WERE PUSHED THROUGH FORT BELVOIR INTERSECTIONS DURING PEAK PERIODS, THERE WERE FREQUENTLY TREMENDOUS BACKLOGS OF VEHICLES UNABLE TO ENTER THE INTERSECTIONS. AT INTERSECTIONS UNDER MILITARY POLICE CONTROL, THE OVERLOADS WERE GENERALLY ACCOMPLISHED BY STRETCHING THE GO PERIOD FOR THE MAJOR FLOW TO SUCH EXTREME LENGTHS THAT CROSS TRAFFIC WAS SEVERELY PENALIZED. OF COURSE, SUCH EXCESSIVE SINGLE-CYCLE DELAYS TO CROSS TRAFFIC COULD NOT OCCUR AT INTERSECTIONS CONTROLLED BY FIXED-TIME SIGNALS, ALTHOUGH LENGTHY BACK-UPS DID OCCUR. WHILE 31 INTERSECTION APPROACHES WERE FOUND TO BE OVERLOADED IN THE PEAK 15 MINUTE PERIOD, ONLY TWO SECTIONS OF ROADWAY WERE FOUND TO BE IN URGENT NEED OF WIDENING. CAPACITY RESTRICTIONS IN THE POST ROADNET WERE DUE ALMOST ENTIRELY TO INTERSECTION DEFICIENCIES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:36:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/120725</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>