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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Results of Research on Toxicological and Biological Safety of Ahglomerating Hydrosorption Emulsator Designed for Dust Suppression During Coal Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408076</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Currently, there are various methods and technologies of dust suppression. Transportation of goods by transport, including rail, is associated with increased danger. For each type of cargo, it is necessary to provide for measures to ensure the safety of the transportation process, as well as measures to prevent various emergency situations. The Gorenje coal transportation by rail is also dangerous due to the impact on the environment of such consequences as the spread of dust particles, in case of accidents-the occurrence of fires with the release of combustion products. The authors conducted studies in the conditions of coal transportation of a drug designed to reduce dust particle emissions during the movement of a freight train transporting coal in open wagons. In order to ensure the safety of coal transportation, it is necessary to develop a specialized preparation for dust suppression and conduct studies to confirm its effectiveness and safety. A biological product has been developed - agglomerating hydrosorption emulsifier (AGE), which provides dust suppression and is safe for the health of workers and the environment. The most important characteristics of the AGE dust suppressor are its non-toxicity, complete biodegradability, explosion and fire safety. The considered preparation prevents the release of dust particles into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the possibility of emergency situations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 16:02:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408076</guid>
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      <title>Survivability of Railroad Tank Car Top Fittings in Rollover Scenario Derailments - Part 2</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1126988</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Phase 2 of this project is a continuation from Phase 1 and investigates the survivability of railroad tank car top fittings in rollover scenarios using Failure Element Analysis techniques. It also explores additional protective concepts intended to survive more severe impacts than those of the Phase 1 study. Three new protective concepts, a rollbar assembly using an elliptical shape to allow the car to roll with little resistance, a fabricated deflective skid, and recessed fittings, are developed and analyzed in Scenario 1 (severe rollover as in the Phase 1 study). A third scenario is simulated for the new concepts, which includes longitudinal car velocity and impact into a concrete barrier. All three of the new protective concepts succeed at protecting the top fittings in both Scenario 1 and Scenario 3.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 14:23:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1126988</guid>
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      <title>SHAKE, RATTLE &amp; ROLL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/470799</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Like the weather, everyone talks about the unique environment railroad cargo has to survive in, but, unlike the weather, railroads are doing something about it.  Preventing damage is a never ending battle in which railroads are registering some victories and some setbacks.  One of the most important functions of the Association of American Railroads' Damage Prevention and Loading Services Department is the development and evaluation of freight loading methods.  AAR is taking a closer look at the open-top loads on its vibration test unit at the Transportation Technology Center at Pueblo, CO.  The unit takes a full-size rail car and shakes it to duplicate the motion of a car moving over the road.  AAR has been studying closed cars on the test unit since the early 1980s, but this past year it has expanded working with open-top equipment.  While not suited for all types of commodities and load patterns, testing on the vibration unit will provide answers on some proposals. Recent tests include two flat cars with lumber and one with steel I-beams.  In addition, the vibration unit is being used to evaluate performance of some securement materials such as synthetic strapping used to package lumber and forest products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/470799</guid>
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      <title>STANDARDISATION OF WAGONS. REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE JURY FOR THE DESIGN COMPETITION FOR THE "WAGON OF THE FUTURE." VOLUME 1: RESULTS OF THE COMPETITION AND CONCLUSIONS. (PART 1: TEXT). VOLUME 2: MEMORANDUM ON THE WORK AND TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS OF THE JURY FOR THE DESIGN COMPETITION FOR THE WAGON OF THE FUTURE; APPENDICES (5TH SECTION)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15187</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present report comprises 5 sections, drawn up in two separate brochures as much for reasons of the time required for the preparation of the report as for the sake of convenience in the subsequent use of the document by the Administrations.  Volume I, presented by the chairman of the Jury to the Control Committee on April 18th, 1956, comprises the following 4 sections and a separate part, consisting of 23 plates of illustrations.  1st Section: General account of the whole work of the Jury, indicating the way in which the discussions have led to a satisfactory conclusion of the work performed, and summarizing the most important lessons to be drawn from the competition.  2nd Section:  Detailed description by groups of components, of the various essential constructional arrangements for the realization of the type 2 standard open wagon, object of the Competition.  3rd Section:  Allocation of awards: prizes, consolation - prizes and honorable mentions.  4th Section: Advantages justifying awards to the designs and ideas concerned.  Volume II comprises: 5th Section: Memorandum on the work and technical discussions of the Jury for the Design Competition for the Wagon of the Future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15187</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EMPIRICAL AND PICTORIAL RESULTS OF VEHICLE TI-OVER IMPACT TESTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/382697</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A combination of metal roof passenger vehicles, an open top convertible passenger vehicle and enclosed multiple purpose utility vehicles were subjected to tip-over-the-front-end type pitch-over tests. The resulting roof crush and occupant compartment intrusion are presented in empirical and pictorial format. The tip-over roof crush performance is discussed relative to other recent side-over type rollover literature and to the FMVSS 216 on Roof Crush Resistance for Passenger Cars.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Oct 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/382697</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PROGRESS IN RAILWAY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (1975-1976 REPORT OF SURVEY COMMITTEE) CARS AND EQUIPMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/62881</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This survey of the annual ASME report covers some of the major developments in freight and passenger equipment made public in the last calender year.  It also covers developments worldwide as well as domestic.  In the freight area, the main developments aimed at the transport of bulk commodities and unit trains with some thought being given to increased speeds.  The passenger developments are continuing in LRVS, Rapid transit, and commuter transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/62881</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>1980 NATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON COAL FREEZING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168750</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A national conference and workshop on problems of coal freezing were sponsored by EPRI in Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 31 and April 1, 1980.  For each of the following topics, the report includes the formal papers, a summary of the workshop discussions, and conclusions: standards for frozen coal tests, application of freeze conditioning additives, transportation problems of frozen coal, consumer perspectives on frozen coal problems, and development of methods for unloading frozen coal.  Over 130 persons participated, representing all of the industries concerned with aspects of freezing coal: utilities and other consumers, transportation, mining, and suppliers of freeze-conditioning additives.  The conclusions reached included: methods for evaluating freeze-conditioning additives (FCA) and for sampling coal to detect FCA; guidelines for designing and using FCA-application systems, which must be custom designed; and a catalog of specific problems from frozen coal, with a list and evaluation of possible solutions.  The report also includes the available records from the 1979 Seminar on Frozen Coal Problems, which was held in St. Louis.  Twenty-four papers have been entered individually into EDB.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168750</guid>
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      <title>PROJECT TO DEVELOP AND DEMONSTRATE METHODS TO ELIMINATE FROZEN COAL HANDLING PROBLEMS. STATUS REPORT II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Extensive tests, utilizing the miniature rail hopper car, miniature shakeout facility and the freezer unit, were completed on some eight different major suppliers' freeze conditioning agents (FCA's), all of which are manufactured for the purpose of inhibiting the shear strength of frozen coal.  Generally, the tests proved that these chemicals offer some relief to the problem up to a point.  However, in sub-zero temperatures from minus 10 deg F and beyond, none of the FCA's tested proved very effective.  In each instance on each different FCA application, two pints per ton of the chemical were sprayed onto the coal as it was loaded into the miniature hopper car.  Average cost of the FCA's is one dollar per pint, indicating the average charge to treat 100 tons of coal amounts to $200.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168752</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HOW TO SOLVE FROZEN-COAL PROBLEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/172382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The behavior of different kinds of coal in cold environments is described.  The three freeze-control methods commonly used today are:  heat, mechanical methods, and freeze-control agents (FCA).  Some of the latter act as antifreeze, others weaken the crystalline structure of ice.  There are three types:  glycol-, oil-, and calcium chloride-based compounds.  Application of freeze-control agents, coordinated with thermal and mechanical methods, helps utilities move coal smoothly from the railcar to the burner.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/172382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HOPPER POPPER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/172539</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Experience in developing drilling equipment for drilling into the frozen coal (either in railway cars or stockpiles) and then loosening the coal by an air shot of about 400 cubic inches at 2000 to 8000 psi is described.  It was difficult to drill into the frozen coal and to mount the drilling equipment so that it was stable.  Previous methods of loosening frozen coal are discussed briefly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/172539</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROJECT TO DEVELOP AND DEMONSTRATE METHODS TO ELIMINATE FROZEN COAL HANDLING PROBLEMS. STATUS REPORT I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163699</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For too many years, problems associated with frozen coal have plagued the companies who mine it, the companies who handle it in transit and the utilities and other industrial concerns that finally burn it.  But never before has the magnitude of the frozen coal problem been as great as it is today because of two primary factors, i.e. (1) the majority of coal currently transported and used has been ground to a very fine mesh that absorbs water readily, thus providing more surface area for freezing, and (2) the substantially increased importance of coal, indeed, the now critical necessity for more coal to be used in displacing dangerously uncertain foreign oil supplies that currently account for 50 percent of our daily domestic oil consumption.  Frozen coal problems can and do have a devastating effect upon the ability to provide energy from coal during harsh winter months when it is most needed.  The majority of these problems have been involved with removing frozen coal from rail cars.  To allay the problem, numerous techniques have been tried, all with some measure of success.  As an example, certain chemicals have been sprayed on the coal; another common treatment has been widespread use of thaw sheds, which, whether electrically or gas-fired, are all energy intensive, time consuming, hard on rail equipment and expensive to operate over long periods of time.  From sledge hammers and crow bars to gas-fired jets and electric thaw sheds, available mechanical de-icing methods often damage coal handling equipment, are time consuming and, therefore, very expensive when demurrage losses must be added to significant investment and/or operating costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163699</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CONTROL OF DUST DURING COAL TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/156315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Spraying of coal in an open top hopper car with an aqueous composition containing at least about 2.5% of a binder material consisting of solid material in an aqueous suspension of an asphalt emulsion or a black liquor lignin product and containing 0.1 to 2.0% of water soluble ethoxylated alkyl phenol or sulfo succinate wetting agent results in the formation of a crust layer which provides protection against loss of coal due to wind action during rapid movement of the car.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/156315</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BULK ORE CONCENTRATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/61907</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thermal conductivities were determined for two copper and two zinc sulphide ore concentrates from Noranda Mines.  The determinations were carried out by the transient probe method at three temperatures, +5 degrees C and -5 and -15 degrees C, for four moisture contents ranging from 2 to 12 percent.  At the lowest moisture content the conductivity of the frozen ore was lower than in the unfrozen state; at higher moisture contents the conductivity of the frozen ore was considerably higher than in the unfrozen state.  The thermal conductivity in the frozen state also increased as the temperature was lowered.  In most respects the thermal conductivity response of the ores to changes in moisture content, temperature, and density were similar to those of soils.  Sieve and hydrometer analysis as well as specific gravity were carried out for characterization of the material.  A statistical analysis of the results is included in Appendix A.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Dec 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/61907</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MOISTURE TRANSFER IN BULK COAL SUBJECT TO FREEZING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/141361</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The moist bulky materials, such as coal, pose problems in materials handling (unloading after exposure to low temperatures) in cold weather regions.  A relationship between the diffusion coefficients and the specific water content in the coal was established, and "safe" moisture values (at which the coal does not freeze) for a Yakutian coal were obtained.  The results are applicable to other coals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/141361</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LEASING FIGHTS COAL CAR SHORTAGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154199</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article discusses a growing trend noted among industrial and utility plants dependent on coal as their fuel source to combat rail car shortages by leasing coal cars for their own use.  Although the railroad industry has testified to the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) that it is capable of keeping pace with the growing use of coal, many coal officials are not so optimistic.  Examples of how two coal companies--Island Creek Coal Co. and Peabody Coal Co.--cope with car shortages are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154199</guid>
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